New insights into the interactions between two‐dimensional ice and two‐dimensional materials

Water is one of the most essential substances for life on Earth and plays a vital role in both natural and technological processes.Recently,there has been growing interest in studying the behavior of water molecules in confined spaces,particularly in low‐dimensional materials and structures.Regardless of whether it is in the form of gas,liquid,or solid,water can interact and form interfaces with many low‐dimensional structures.Given the current controversial understanding of two‐dimensional(2D)ice and the increasing interplay between water/ice and 2D materials such as graphene and transition‐metal dichalcogenides,we provide a brief overview of recent progresses on the interfaces of 2D ice and 2D van der Waals layered materials.This review highlights their potential contributions to the breakthroughs in tribology,membrane technology,nanofluidic,and nanodevice applications.Of particular interest is the recent discovery of ultrahigh lubricity between 2D ice and 2D layered materials,as well as the ability to modulate the surface adhesion between layers.These findings have the potential to enable new technological advances in both electronics and various industries.Meanwhile,this rapidly evolving field presents its own challenges,and we also discuss future directions for exploiting the interactions between 2D ice and 2D layered materials.

C-176 loaded Ce DNase nanoparticles synergistically inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway for ischemic stroke treatment

The neuroinflammatory responses following ischemic stroke cause irreversible nerve cell death.Cell free-double strand DNA(dsDNA)segments from ischemic tissue debris are engulfed by microglia and sensed by their cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),which triggers robust activation of the innate immune stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway and initiate the chronic inflammatory cascade.The decomposition of immunogenic dsDNA and inhibition of the innate immune STING are synergistic immunologic targets for ameliorating neuroinflammation.To combine the anti-inflammatory strategies of STING inhibition and dsDNA elimination,we constructed a DNase-mimetic artificial enzyme loaded with C-176.Nanoparticles are self-assembled by amphiphilic copolymers(P[CL35-b-(OEGMA20.7-co-NTAMA14.3)]),C-176,and Ce^(4+)which is coordinated with nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA)group to form corresponding catalytic structures.Our work developed a new nano-drug that balances the cGAS-STING axis to enhance the therapeutic impact of stroke by combining the DNase-memetic Ce^(4+)enzyme and STING inhibitor synergistically.In conclusion,it is a novel approach to modulating central nervus system(CNS)inflammatory signaling pathways and improving stroke prognosis.

Recent advances in RNA structurome

RNA structures are essential to support RNA functions and regulation in various biological processes. Recently, a range of novel technologies have been developed to decode genome-wide RNA structures and novel modes of functionality across a wide range of species. In this review, we summarize key strategies for probing the RNA structurome and discuss the pros and cons of representative technologies. In particular, these new technologies have been applied to dissect the structural landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. We also summarize the functionalities of RNA structures discovered in different regulatory layers-including RNA processing, transport, localization, and mRNA translation-across viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants. We review many versatile RNA structural elements in the context of different physiological and pathological processes(e.g., cell differentiation, stress response, and viral replication). Finally, we discuss future prospects for RNA structural studies to map the RNA structurome at higher resolution and at the single-molecule and single-cell level, and to decipher novel modes of RNA structures and functions for innovative applications.