BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood....BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood.AIM To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.METHODS From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool Children.Children’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional performance.Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory.Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.RESULTS High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems.High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children.High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all P<0.05).Moreover,paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.CONCLUSION Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.Overall,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or controlling the parents are,the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face.Moreover,the impact of fathers’parenting behaviors on preschool children’s behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers’parenting behaviors.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered...BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.展开更多
Background: Children are affected by disorders that have an impact on the respiratory muscles. Inspiratory muscle function can be assessed by means of the noninvasive tension–time index of the inspiratory muscles(TTI...Background: Children are affected by disorders that have an impact on the respiratory muscles. Inspiratory muscle function can be assessed by means of the noninvasive tension–time index of the inspiratory muscles(TTImus). Our objectives were to identify the determinants of TTImus in healthy children and to report normal values of TTImus in this population.Methods: We measured weight, height, upper arm muscle area(UAMA), and TTImusin 96 children aged 6–18 years. The level and frequency of aerobic activity was assessed by questionnaire.Results: TTImuswas significantly lower in male subjects(0.095 ± 0.038, mean ± SD) compared with female subjects(0.126 ± 0.056)(p = 0.002).TTImus was significantly lower in regularly exercising(0.093 ± 0.040) compared with nonexercising subjects(0.130 ± 0.053)(p < 0.001). TTImus was significantly negatively related to age(r =-0.239, p = 0.019), weight(r =-0.214, p = 0.037), height(r =-0.355, p < 0.001), and UAMA(r =-0.222, p = 0.030). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that height and aerobic exercise were significantly related to TTImus independently of age, weight, and UAMA. The predictive regression equation for TTImus in male subjects was TTImus = 0.228-0.001 × height(cm), and in female subjects it was TTImus = 0.320-0.001 × height(cm).Conclusion: Gender, age, anthropometry, skeletal muscularity, and aerobic exercise are significantly associated with indices of inspiratory muscle function in children. Normal values of TTImus in healthy children are reported.展开更多
Aim: To assess the knowledge and oral health practices of a selected population of mothers in order to develop appropriate oral health promotion program for children in the area. Method: A cross sectional study was ca...Aim: To assess the knowledge and oral health practices of a selected population of mothers in order to develop appropriate oral health promotion program for children in the area. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among a convenient sample of mothers who attended two well-baby clinics—a tertiary and a primary health care centre in Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire requesting personal information, previous exposure to and source of oral health education (OHE), knowledge of oral health, diet and oral hygiene practices was administered. Results: There were 104 participants, aged 21 - 46 years (mean 32.01 ± 4.85 years);58.7% had received OHE, 23.1% from electronic media, 22.1% dentist and 9.6%, doctor or nurse. Only 44 (42.3%) had attended the dentist, 5 (4.8%) in <1 year and 10 (9.6%) within 1 - 2 years. Most younger mothers, compared with older mothers had knowledge of fluoride (x2 = 8.51, p = 0.014). Only 44 (42.3%) and 20 (19.2%) respectively believed the type of baby food and supplement affect the child’s teeth. Conclusion: Participants in this study showed inadequate knowledge of preventive oral health care. Regular OHE is recommended for mothers at the well baby and immunization clinics where they can be easily reached by health professionals.展开更多
During the last two decades,there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) in children and adolescents,especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups.This tre...During the last two decades,there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) in children and adolescents,especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups.This trend,which parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity,has caused great concern,even though T2 DM remains a relatively rare disease in children.Youth T2 DM differs not only from type 1 diabetes in children,from which it is sometimes difficult to differentiate,but also from T2 DM in adults,since it appears to be an aggressive disease with rapidly progressive β-cell decline,high treatment failure rate,and accelerated development of complications.Despite the recent research,many aspects of youth T2 DM still remain unknown,regarding both its pathophysiology and risk factor contribution,and its optimal management and prevention.Current management approaches include lifestyle changes,such as improved diet and increased physical activity,together with pharmacological interventions,including metformin,insulin,and the recently approved glucagonlike peptide-1 analog liraglutide.What is more important for everyone to realize though,from patients,families and physicians to schools,health services and policy-makers alike,is that T2 DM is a largely preventable disease that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor(i.e.,pediatric obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life,from conception until adulthood.Therefore,relevant comprehensive,coordinated,and innovative strategies are urgently needed.展开更多
Objectives: The families of these children experience distress both at the time of diagnosis and afterward.A top priority is to understand family empowerment,family function,and family members' quality of life (Qo...Objectives: The families of these children experience distress both at the time of diagnosis and afterward.A top priority is to understand family empowerment,family function,and family members' quality of life (QoL) and to effectively support these families in Japan.The objective of this study was to assess the actual conditions of families living with children having DDs and to explore the factors associated with family empowerment and parents' QoL.Methods: We surveyed ninety-three parents (78 mothers,15 fathers) from 78 families which lived with children with DDs in the capital region of Japan.We assessed two main outcomes using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: Family Empowerment Scale (FES),World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26),and other six outcomes.Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted.Results: No medication,cooperation with child rearing,assistance from a developmental support center,solved problems related to child rearing,and higher scores in Problem Solving contributed to higher FES scores.Higher WHOQOL26 scores were related to being a full-time housewife,higher self-esteem,no developmental support,a broad emotional support network,higher scores in Problem Solving and Role Function,and lower scores in Affective Reaction and General Function.Conclusions: We revealed that family empowerment and QoL of parents rearing children with DDs in Japan were affected by various subscales of family function and other family attributes.Effective interventions for improving family empowerment and QoL should be researched in the future.展开更多
AIM To assess the knowledge of general pediatricians througout Indonesia about the diagnosis and treatment of childhood constipation.METHODS A comprehensive questionnaire was distributed to general pediatricians from ...AIM To assess the knowledge of general pediatricians througout Indonesia about the diagnosis and treatment of childhood constipation.METHODS A comprehensive questionnaire was distributed to general pediatricians from several teaching hospitals and government hospitals all over Indonesia.RESULTS Data were obtained from 100 pediatricians, with a mean of 78.34 ± 18.00 mo clinical practice, from 20 cities throughout Indonesia. Suspicion of constipation in a child over 6 mo of age arises when the child presents with a decreased frequency of bowel movements(according to 87% of participants) with a mean of one bowel movement per 3.59 ± 1.0 d, hard stools(83%), blood in the stools(36%), fecal incontinence(33%), and/or difficulty in defecating(47%). Only 26 pediatricians prescribe pharmacologic treatment as first therapeutic approach, while the vast majority prefers nonpharmacologic treatment, mostly(according to 68%) The preferred nonpharmacologic treatment are high-fiber diet(96%), increased fluid intake(90%), toilet training(74%), and abdominal massage(49%). Duration of non-pharmacological treatment was limited to 1 to 2 wk. Seventy percent of the pediatricians recommending toilet training could only mention some elements of the technique, and only 15% was able to explain it fully and correctly. Lactulose is the most frequent pharmacologic intervention used(87% of the participants), and rectal treatment with sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfo acetate, and sorbitol is the most frequent rectal treatment(85%). Only 51% will prescribe rectal treatment for fecal impaction. The majority of the pediatricians(69%) expect a positive response during the first week with a mean(± SD) of 4.1(± 2.56) d. Most participants(86%) treat during one month or even less. And the majority(67%) stops treatment when the frequency and/or consistency of the stools have become normal, or if the patient had no longer complaints.CONCLUSION These data provide an insight on the diagnosis and management of constipation in childhood in Indonesia. Although general pediatricians are aware of some important aspects of the diagnosis and mangement of constipation, overall knowledge is limited. Efforts should be made to improve the distribution of existing guidelines. These findings highlight and confirm the difficulties in spreading existing information from guidelines to general pediatricians.展开更多
AIM To determine the clinical features of diabetes in children and adolescents in Ghana.METHODS Retrospective review of clinical features of all children and adolescents with new-onset diabetes seen at the paediatric ...AIM To determine the clinical features of diabetes in children and adolescents in Ghana.METHODS Retrospective review of clinical features of all children and adolescents with new-onset diabetes seen at the paediatric endocrinology clinic of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, from February 2012 to Auguest 2016. RESULTS One hundred and six subjects presented with diabetes. Ninety(84.9%) were diagnosed by clinical features and family history as type 1, and 16(15.1%) type 2. For type 1 subjects, age range at diagnosis was 0.9-19.9 year(y), peak age of onset 12-13 year, and 3.3% were < 5 year, 21.1% 5-< 10 year, 45.6% 10-< 15 year and 30.0% 15-< 20 year. Seventy-one point one percent were female. Common clinical features were polyuria(100%), polydipsia(98.9%), and weight loss(82.2%). Mean BMI SD was -0.54, range -3.84 to 2.47. 60.0% presented in diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). Nine had infections at onset(skin, abscess, leg ulcer). Mean± SD HbA 1c at diagnosis was 12.7% ± 1.9%(115±21 mmol/mol). Four have since died: Hypoglycaemia(2), recurrent DKA(1), osteosarcoma(1). Two other type 1 cases died of DKA at presentation in emergency before being seen by the paediatric endocrinologist. Crude mortality rate including these 2 cases was 32.2/1000 patient years. Type 2 cases were 81% female, age of onset 9-19 year. Mean BMI SD was 1.49, range -0.87 to 2.61. Forty-three point eight percent presented in DKA. All type 2 cases had acanthosis nigricans. Overall, 9.8% did not have home refrigeration, most using clay pot evaporative cooling for insulin storage. CONCLUSION Type 1 occurs with a female preponderance and high DKA rates. Type 2 also occurs. Typology based on clinical features is difficult. Community and professional awareness is warranted.展开更多
In order to study the treatment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was clinically applied to evaluate the eff...In order to study the treatment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was clinically applied to evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback training. Of all the 60 children with ADHD aged more than 6 years, the effective rate of EEG biofeedback training was 91.6 % after 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback training. Before and after treatment by EEG biofeedback training, the overall indexes of IVA were significantly improved among predominately inattentive, hyperactive, and combined subtype of children with ADHD (P<0.001). It was suggested that EEG biofeedback training was an effective and vital treatment on children with ADHD.展开更多
Purpose:This study aims to establish a Turkish version of the scales of perceived stigma amongst children with epilepsy and their parents by adopting the scales developed by Austin et al.This study also aims to analys...Purpose:This study aims to establish a Turkish version of the scales of perceived stigma amongst children with epilepsy and their parents by adopting the scales developed by Austin et al.This study also aims to analyse the scales'validity and reliability in evaluating stigma perceptions amongst the aforementioned population.Methods:The population of this methodological study consisted of parents and 85 epileptic children between 9 and 16 years old.This population visited the paediatric neurology clinic of a hospital in Erzurum Province,Turkey,between April 2015 and January 2016.The scales of perceived stigma amongst children with epilepsy and their parents,as well as its Turkish version,were used as measuring tools.Experts were also consulted for their opinions.Meanwhile,Bartlett's test,Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)index,exploratory factor analysis,principal component analysis,varimax rotation and scree plot test were used to determine the validity of the study,Moreover,the coefficients of Cronbach'sαand Pearson's product-moment correlation were used to identify internal consistency,homogeneity and thus reliability.Results:Evaluations and analyses indicated that the Turkish version of the child and parent scales can be used with a single dimension.The mean scores of such scales were 24.02±8.47 and 15.68±4.04,respectively.All item-total score correlations of the child and parent scales were found to be significant(P<0.05).The KMO coefficient of the child scale was 0.94,whereas the chi-square value of Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant at 209.311(P<0.05).Moreover,the KMO coefficient of the parent scale was found to be 0.80,whereas the chi-square value of Bartlett's test of sphericity was found to be significant at 209.311(P<0.05).The Cronbach'sαcoefficients were 0.95 and 0.87 for the child and parent scales,respectively.Conclusion:The Turkish version of the child and parent scales of perceived stigma is valid and reliable in measuring the perception of stigma amongst children with epilepsy and their parents.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the correlation between urine retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and serum HbA1c?with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 1 diabetic children. Methods:?This?was a crosssectional observational...Objective: To analyze the correlation between urine retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and serum HbA1c?with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 1 diabetic children. Methods:?This?was a crosssectional observational analytic?study. The subjects?were?type 1 diabetic children aged 2 - 14 years. Sample collection was conducted from October to November 2014. Exclusion criteria were patients with obesity, renal insufficiency?that?was not caused by diabetes, history of hepatic diseases, and history of blood cell disorders. We?performed anamnesis, physical examination, and blood sampling for serum HbA1c?and serum cystatin-C, and urine sampling for RBP-4?on all subjects. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated from the concentration level of cystatin-C using Filler formula. Data analysis was performed?by?Spearman test to determine the correlation between urine RBP-4 and serum HbA1c?with GFR. The Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the correlation between duration of diabetes and RBP-4, HbA1c, and also GFR. Results:?Twelve females (60%) and 8 males (40%) participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects with 95% CI?was: 10.5 (2 - 14) years while the mean age of duration diabetes with 95% CI: 3.8 (0.5 - 10) years. Twelve (60%) subjects had?<5 years duration of diabetes, while eight (40%) subjects had?≥5 years duration of diabetes. Twelve (60%) subjects had normal RBP-4 level, while eight (40%) subjects had?elevated RBP-4 level. The mean level of HbA1c?with 95% CI: 8.9 (5.1 - 15.2)%. Thirteen (65%) subjects had poor metabolic. The mean GFR of the subjects with 95% CI: 99.3 (35.2 - 147.4) mL/1.73/m2. Nineteen (95%) subjects had normal GFR, while 1 (5%) had renal insufficiency. The results of data analysis using Spearman test on the correlation between urine RBP-4 and serum HbA1cwith GFR were not significant. The result of correlation between duration of diabetes and urine RBP-4 was significant?using?Fischer’s test. Conclusion:?The results?showed?no correlation between urine RBP-4 and serum HbA1c?with GFR. Urine RBP-4 could?be considered to assess renal function in type 1 diabetic patients with a duration of diabetes of more than 5 years.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of short stature in KBG syndrome is relatively high.Data on the therapeutic effects of growth hormone(GH)on children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature in the previous literature h...BACKGROUND The incidence of short stature in KBG syndrome is relatively high.Data on the therapeutic effects of growth hormone(GH)on children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature in the previous literature has not been summarized.CASE SUMMARY Here we studied a girl with KBG syndrome and collected the data of children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature from previous studies before and after GH therapy.The girl was referred to our department because of short stature.Physical examination revealed mild dysmorphic features.The peak GH responses to arginine and clonidine were 6.22 and 5.40 ng/mL,respectively.The level of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)was 42.0 ng/mL.Genetic analysis showed a c.2635 dupG(p.Glu879fs)mutation in the ANKRD11 gene.She received GH therapy.During the first year of GH therapy,her height increased by 0.92 standard deviation score(SDS).Her height increased from-1.95 SDS to-0.70 SDS after two years of GH therapy.There were ten children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature who received GH therapy in reported cases.Height SDS was improved in nine(9/10)of them.The mean height SDS in five children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature increased from-2.72±0.44 to-1.95±0.57 after the first year of GH therapy(P=0.001).There were no adverse reactions reported after GH treatment.CONCLUSION GH treatment is effective in our girl and most children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature during the first year of therapy.展开更多
Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these chi...Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these children. A top priority is to understand quality of life (QoL), family function, and family empowerment to effectively support these families. We aimed to assess current living situations of families with a SMID child, and to reveal the relationships between QoL, family function, and family empowerment. Methods: Sixty-five family members from 34 families with a SMID child participated in this study. We assessed 5 parameters using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26), Kinder Lebensqualitats Fragebogen (KINDL), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale KG-4 (FACESKG-4), and Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted;QoL score was the objective variable. Results: Participants included 54 parents (34 mothers, 20 fathers) and 11 siblings. The mean age of SMID children was 10.4 ± 5.03 years. Twenty-two children needed multiple types of medical care. The mean age of parents and siblings was 41.5 ± 6.16 years and 15.5 ± 2.35 years, respectively. The mean QoL score (3.28 ± 0.5) was similar to the Japanese average. The mean KINDL score (77.2 ± 12.1) was higher than those of previous studies. The mean FAD score was 1.97 ± 0.32. For FACEKG-4, the score of adaptability was correlated with WHOQOL score (r = 0.459, p < 0.05). The mean score of FES was 113.6 ± 14. As the result of multiple regression analysis, lower family FAD scores ([sb] = ?0.61, p < 0.01) indicated higher family function and greater age of participants (sb = 0.495, p < 0.01) was correlated with higher WHOQOL scores (F = 15.208, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the individual QoL depended on the age of participants (equals the years of experience caring for a SMID child) and the recognition of family function as a whole. Thus, to improve family members’ QoL, we should focus on individuals and also approach the family as a whole.展开更多
Background: Parenting stress causes physical and psychological problems for mothers during child-rearing and negatively impacts the growth and development of their children. We assumed that Chinese mothers living in J...Background: Parenting stress causes physical and psychological problems for mothers during child-rearing and negatively impacts the growth and development of their children. We assumed that Chinese mothers living in Japan would experience particularly high levels of parenting stress and difficulty because they had to leave the environment in which they were born and raised in a different language and culture. Objective: The objective is to identify the actual situation and related factors of parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan. Methods: From July to October 2021, an online, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was administered to the mothers of children aged 6 months to 5 years, and the data from 93 mothers were statistically analyzed. Results: Mothers in the study had one (45.2%) or two (45.2%) children in their care, and 23.7% of the mothers’ husbands were Japanese. The average score of total PSI-SF-15 of the mothers in this study was slightly higher than that of mothers raising children in China. Additionally, “I think it is a shame not to practice Chinese customs”, “I feel that Chinese customs are not respected”, “the number of children with diagnosed diseases”, “Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) total score” and “father’s nationality” influenced the parenting stress of the mothers in this study. Conclusion: In order to reduce parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan, it is necessary to respect and support the practice of Chinese customs, create an environment in which it is easy to discuss children’s illnesses, and educate mothers to promote the use of social support.展开更多
Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental b...Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental burden placed on families raising severely disabled children, particularly the primary caregivers, is great in home settings. For families to effectively utilize services and over-come child rearing problems, the families themselves need the “strength” to cooperate with others for the purpose of raising a severely disabled child. The ultimate goal of family support is to enable such families to achieve satisfaction and self-growth in child rearing. Methods: We used a questionnaire to survey 75 primary caregivers to empirically elucidate the empowerment and positive feelings towards child rearing of families raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities and the related factors. The t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to examine the association with bivariates. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for empowerment and positive feelings. Results: Results revealed that life events, livelihood, awareness of social support and the child’s sleep problems were factors related to empowerment. Of these, awareness of social support from outside of the family was found to contribute the most to empowerment. Furthermore, improvement and maintenance of positive feelings towards child rearing reaffirmed the existence of empowerment in addition to reducing negative feelings towards child rearing and ensuring social support. Conclusions: Raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities requires specialist knowledge and skills. Support from professionals to empower the entire family is therefore important in order to strengthen positive feelings towards child rearing.展开更多
Objective To reveal the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and the Chinese Han nationality children with CA, compared the distribution of the 5-HTTLPR between the Han Chinese children with CA and healthy Han Chinese ch...Objective To reveal the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and the Chinese Han nationality children with CA, compared the distribution of the 5-HTTLPR between the Han Chinese children with CA and healthy Han Chinese children ,and analyzed the association between the 5-HTTLPR and clinical symptoms of the Han Chinese children with CA. Methods Genomic DNAs of fifty subjects including 25 autistic children and 25 controls were extracted from blood samples. PCR amplification using Oligonucleotide primers flanking 5-HTTLPR was performed. Results ① Three kinds of alleles including the S (short) allele, the L (long) allele and the VL allele were found , and the 5-HTTLPR genotypes shown were S/S, L/L, S/L and L/VL. ② Allele frequencies did not differ significantly in patient groups in comparison with the control sample. No significant difference was identified between the observed 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution of the patient groups and control group. ③ The distribution of homozygous and heterozygous subjects between the two groups differed significantly. ④ The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor. ⑤ The allele frequency of healthy Han Chinese population and that of healthy Japanese population were similar. The frequency of S allele in not only autistic subjects but also healthy children in this study was considerably more than that in Caucasians and the frequency of L allele in our subjects decreased correspondingly. Conclusion ① A significant difference in the allele frequency between the Han Chinese and Caucasian populations was found. ② The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor of the patients. ③ The homozygote and the L allele were positively relevant to CA and they might be the risk factors of CA. The heterozygote and the S allele were negatively relevant to CA and they might be the protective factors of CA.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> To tell children that they are diagnosed with cancer is challenging for any healthcare professional and family. Pictures books are one of the communication tools for talking ...<strong>Introduction:</strong> To tell children that they are diagnosed with cancer is challenging for any healthcare professional and family. Pictures books are one of the communication tools for talking with children about severe diseases. However, little research is available about the contents of picture books about cancer for children. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the contents of children’s picture books about cancer and explore the advantages and disadvantages of using picture books to communicate with children about cancer.<strong> Methods:</strong> We searched the picture books about cancer written for children aged under ten years old on the Amazon.com Web site on 5 July 2019 and hand-searched on the cancer-related institutes’ Web site. We extracted the texts of relevant picture books and conducted a content analysis of them. <strong>Results:</strong> We identified 2555 picture books and included 30 of them. We identified three main contents, 1) cancer-related knowledge, 2) impacts of cancer, and 3) dealing with cancer. These contents were written with simple words and illustrations. Some of them included the essential contents, which might be misunderstood by children.<strong> Conclusions:</strong> Picture books might be helpful for children to understand about cancer. However, as these books do not include all contents, it is necessary to select and use multiple books depending on the content which is wanted to tell the child. Further research should evaluate the impacts of these books as a communication tool when talking with children diagnosed with cancer.展开更多
Background: Since the isolation of HHV-6 in 1986, extensive investigation has revealed it to be ubiquitous and responsible for the majority of cases of a common febrile rash illness of infants known as roseola. Other ...Background: Since the isolation of HHV-6 in 1986, extensive investigation has revealed it to be ubiquitous and responsible for the majority of cases of a common febrile rash illness of infants known as roseola. Other clinical associations including seizure disorders, encephalitis and meningitis have also been stated in various publications. Objective: The aim of the study is to find out if there is any association between HHV-6 infection and the convulsions prevailing at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra-Ghana. Methods and Results: Children admitted into the Department of Child Health with episode of convulsions were recruited after informed consent had been sought from subjects. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Plasma were obtained from patients. PCR directed at the detection of the large tegument protein (LTP) gene in the SIE strain of the HHV-6 in Plasma and CSF from patients was done. The mean age of study subjects was 37.44 months with 53 (64.6%) being males. There was a significant relationship between the convulsions and fever (P < 0.05). Based on CSF characteristics gathered, viral infections may be the probable cause of the observed convulsions but not malaria or bacterial infections. None of the samples from the patients had evidence of HHV-6. Conclusion: The study was unable to establish HHV-6 infection in the CSF and Plasma of patients. What role if any HHV-6 has in convulsions seen in children or neurological diseases at large merits further studies. Other neurotropic viruses need to be investigated as possible causes for the convulsions.展开更多
The number of children with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities (SMID) receiving medical treatment/recovering at home is rising yearly. Although benefits of this care are emphasized, the stress and duties of fa...The number of children with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities (SMID) receiving medical treatment/recovering at home is rising yearly. Although benefits of this care are emphasized, the stress and duties of family members in the household are extremely great, especially because Japan is becoming a society of nuclear families. In this study, we described the lifestyles of nuclear families providing in-home medical care for children with SMID, focusing on family members’ roles. Roles of mothers, fathers, and siblings of children with SMID were summarized from semi-structured inter-views. As a result, for “the roles of each family member living with a child with SMID”, mothers had five roles, fathers seven, and siblings five. For “the hopes of each family member living with a child with SMID”, parents desired the whole family collaboration in care for children with SMID, and as caregivers, parents’ common thoughts included wanting siblings in order to help care for the child with SMID and wanting siblings to treasure their own lives. Siblings wanted their mother to have some time for rest and expected their fathers to have two main roles. They also expected their grandparents and other siblings to fulfill roles.展开更多
Background and Objectives: Cancer treatments leading to increased survival rates are reported to participate in the creation of debilitating physical and psychosocial deficits for cancer survivors. Measures of health-...Background and Objectives: Cancer treatments leading to increased survival rates are reported to participate in the creation of debilitating physical and psychosocial deficits for cancer survivors. Measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are designed to tap such consequences of cancer treatment together with the impact of the disease itself. Methods: Parents of 67 included patients aged 8 - 12 years, were asked to complete the parent proxy report of PedsQLTM 3.0 Cancer Module (Arabic version), as well as a separate sheet for socio-demographic data. Results: The ratio of Males to females was 1.8:1 among study patients with a median age of 8 years at diagnosis. Hematological malignancies represented 70.1% of the sample, with the highest proportion for ALL (52.2%). Total QOL showed to be relatively low with mean value of 62.29 for the whole group. Subscales with least scores were for;worry (44.11), perceived physical appearance (50.6), and procedural anxiety (55.34). On the other hand, the best score was 75.98 for communication, followed by 72.63 for cognitive problems. The impacts of some medical and socio-demographic variables on QOL and its subscales were elicited in our results. Conclusion: Increased treatment intensity, long duration of hospital admission, higher frequency of hospital visits, female sex, younger age at diagnosis, and large family size were all associated with a poorer total QOL and/or its subscales among Egyptian pediatric cancer patients.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81330068.
文摘BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood.AIM To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.METHODS From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool Children.Children’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional performance.Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory.Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.RESULTS High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems.High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children.High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all P<0.05).Moreover,paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.CONCLUSION Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.Overall,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or controlling the parents are,the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face.Moreover,the impact of fathers’parenting behaviors on preschool children’s behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers’parenting behaviors.
文摘BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.
文摘Background: Children are affected by disorders that have an impact on the respiratory muscles. Inspiratory muscle function can be assessed by means of the noninvasive tension–time index of the inspiratory muscles(TTImus). Our objectives were to identify the determinants of TTImus in healthy children and to report normal values of TTImus in this population.Methods: We measured weight, height, upper arm muscle area(UAMA), and TTImusin 96 children aged 6–18 years. The level and frequency of aerobic activity was assessed by questionnaire.Results: TTImuswas significantly lower in male subjects(0.095 ± 0.038, mean ± SD) compared with female subjects(0.126 ± 0.056)(p = 0.002).TTImus was significantly lower in regularly exercising(0.093 ± 0.040) compared with nonexercising subjects(0.130 ± 0.053)(p < 0.001). TTImus was significantly negatively related to age(r =-0.239, p = 0.019), weight(r =-0.214, p = 0.037), height(r =-0.355, p < 0.001), and UAMA(r =-0.222, p = 0.030). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that height and aerobic exercise were significantly related to TTImus independently of age, weight, and UAMA. The predictive regression equation for TTImus in male subjects was TTImus = 0.228-0.001 × height(cm), and in female subjects it was TTImus = 0.320-0.001 × height(cm).Conclusion: Gender, age, anthropometry, skeletal muscularity, and aerobic exercise are significantly associated with indices of inspiratory muscle function in children. Normal values of TTImus in healthy children are reported.
文摘Aim: To assess the knowledge and oral health practices of a selected population of mothers in order to develop appropriate oral health promotion program for children in the area. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among a convenient sample of mothers who attended two well-baby clinics—a tertiary and a primary health care centre in Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire requesting personal information, previous exposure to and source of oral health education (OHE), knowledge of oral health, diet and oral hygiene practices was administered. Results: There were 104 participants, aged 21 - 46 years (mean 32.01 ± 4.85 years);58.7% had received OHE, 23.1% from electronic media, 22.1% dentist and 9.6%, doctor or nurse. Only 44 (42.3%) had attended the dentist, 5 (4.8%) in <1 year and 10 (9.6%) within 1 - 2 years. Most younger mothers, compared with older mothers had knowledge of fluoride (x2 = 8.51, p = 0.014). Only 44 (42.3%) and 20 (19.2%) respectively believed the type of baby food and supplement affect the child’s teeth. Conclusion: Participants in this study showed inadequate knowledge of preventive oral health care. Regular OHE is recommended for mothers at the well baby and immunization clinics where they can be easily reached by health professionals.
文摘During the last two decades,there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) in children and adolescents,especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups.This trend,which parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity,has caused great concern,even though T2 DM remains a relatively rare disease in children.Youth T2 DM differs not only from type 1 diabetes in children,from which it is sometimes difficult to differentiate,but also from T2 DM in adults,since it appears to be an aggressive disease with rapidly progressive β-cell decline,high treatment failure rate,and accelerated development of complications.Despite the recent research,many aspects of youth T2 DM still remain unknown,regarding both its pathophysiology and risk factor contribution,and its optimal management and prevention.Current management approaches include lifestyle changes,such as improved diet and increased physical activity,together with pharmacological interventions,including metformin,insulin,and the recently approved glucagonlike peptide-1 analog liraglutide.What is more important for everyone to realize though,from patients,families and physicians to schools,health services and policy-makers alike,is that T2 DM is a largely preventable disease that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor(i.e.,pediatric obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life,from conception until adulthood.Therefore,relevant comprehensive,coordinated,and innovative strategies are urgently needed.
基金This study was funded by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan (Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A),2014-2018,No.26713057)
文摘Objectives: The families of these children experience distress both at the time of diagnosis and afterward.A top priority is to understand family empowerment,family function,and family members' quality of life (QoL) and to effectively support these families in Japan.The objective of this study was to assess the actual conditions of families living with children having DDs and to explore the factors associated with family empowerment and parents' QoL.Methods: We surveyed ninety-three parents (78 mothers,15 fathers) from 78 families which lived with children with DDs in the capital region of Japan.We assessed two main outcomes using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: Family Empowerment Scale (FES),World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26),and other six outcomes.Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted.Results: No medication,cooperation with child rearing,assistance from a developmental support center,solved problems related to child rearing,and higher scores in Problem Solving contributed to higher FES scores.Higher WHOQOL26 scores were related to being a full-time housewife,higher self-esteem,no developmental support,a broad emotional support network,higher scores in Problem Solving and Role Function,and lower scores in Affective Reaction and General Function.Conclusions: We revealed that family empowerment and QoL of parents rearing children with DDs in Japan were affected by various subscales of family function and other family attributes.Effective interventions for improving family empowerment and QoL should be researched in the future.
文摘AIM To assess the knowledge of general pediatricians througout Indonesia about the diagnosis and treatment of childhood constipation.METHODS A comprehensive questionnaire was distributed to general pediatricians from several teaching hospitals and government hospitals all over Indonesia.RESULTS Data were obtained from 100 pediatricians, with a mean of 78.34 ± 18.00 mo clinical practice, from 20 cities throughout Indonesia. Suspicion of constipation in a child over 6 mo of age arises when the child presents with a decreased frequency of bowel movements(according to 87% of participants) with a mean of one bowel movement per 3.59 ± 1.0 d, hard stools(83%), blood in the stools(36%), fecal incontinence(33%), and/or difficulty in defecating(47%). Only 26 pediatricians prescribe pharmacologic treatment as first therapeutic approach, while the vast majority prefers nonpharmacologic treatment, mostly(according to 68%) The preferred nonpharmacologic treatment are high-fiber diet(96%), increased fluid intake(90%), toilet training(74%), and abdominal massage(49%). Duration of non-pharmacological treatment was limited to 1 to 2 wk. Seventy percent of the pediatricians recommending toilet training could only mention some elements of the technique, and only 15% was able to explain it fully and correctly. Lactulose is the most frequent pharmacologic intervention used(87% of the participants), and rectal treatment with sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfo acetate, and sorbitol is the most frequent rectal treatment(85%). Only 51% will prescribe rectal treatment for fecal impaction. The majority of the pediatricians(69%) expect a positive response during the first week with a mean(± SD) of 4.1(± 2.56) d. Most participants(86%) treat during one month or even less. And the majority(67%) stops treatment when the frequency and/or consistency of the stools have become normal, or if the patient had no longer complaints.CONCLUSION These data provide an insight on the diagnosis and management of constipation in childhood in Indonesia. Although general pediatricians are aware of some important aspects of the diagnosis and mangement of constipation, overall knowledge is limited. Efforts should be made to improve the distribution of existing guidelines. These findings highlight and confirm the difficulties in spreading existing information from guidelines to general pediatricians.
文摘AIM To determine the clinical features of diabetes in children and adolescents in Ghana.METHODS Retrospective review of clinical features of all children and adolescents with new-onset diabetes seen at the paediatric endocrinology clinic of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, from February 2012 to Auguest 2016. RESULTS One hundred and six subjects presented with diabetes. Ninety(84.9%) were diagnosed by clinical features and family history as type 1, and 16(15.1%) type 2. For type 1 subjects, age range at diagnosis was 0.9-19.9 year(y), peak age of onset 12-13 year, and 3.3% were < 5 year, 21.1% 5-< 10 year, 45.6% 10-< 15 year and 30.0% 15-< 20 year. Seventy-one point one percent were female. Common clinical features were polyuria(100%), polydipsia(98.9%), and weight loss(82.2%). Mean BMI SD was -0.54, range -3.84 to 2.47. 60.0% presented in diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). Nine had infections at onset(skin, abscess, leg ulcer). Mean± SD HbA 1c at diagnosis was 12.7% ± 1.9%(115±21 mmol/mol). Four have since died: Hypoglycaemia(2), recurrent DKA(1), osteosarcoma(1). Two other type 1 cases died of DKA at presentation in emergency before being seen by the paediatric endocrinologist. Crude mortality rate including these 2 cases was 32.2/1000 patient years. Type 2 cases were 81% female, age of onset 9-19 year. Mean BMI SD was 1.49, range -0.87 to 2.61. Forty-three point eight percent presented in DKA. All type 2 cases had acanthosis nigricans. Overall, 9.8% did not have home refrigeration, most using clay pot evaporative cooling for insulin storage. CONCLUSION Type 1 occurs with a female preponderance and high DKA rates. Type 2 also occurs. Typology based on clinical features is difficult. Community and professional awareness is warranted.
文摘In order to study the treatment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was clinically applied to evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback training. Of all the 60 children with ADHD aged more than 6 years, the effective rate of EEG biofeedback training was 91.6 % after 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback training. Before and after treatment by EEG biofeedback training, the overall indexes of IVA were significantly improved among predominately inattentive, hyperactive, and combined subtype of children with ADHD (P<0.001). It was suggested that EEG biofeedback training was an effective and vital treatment on children with ADHD.
文摘Purpose:This study aims to establish a Turkish version of the scales of perceived stigma amongst children with epilepsy and their parents by adopting the scales developed by Austin et al.This study also aims to analyse the scales'validity and reliability in evaluating stigma perceptions amongst the aforementioned population.Methods:The population of this methodological study consisted of parents and 85 epileptic children between 9 and 16 years old.This population visited the paediatric neurology clinic of a hospital in Erzurum Province,Turkey,between April 2015 and January 2016.The scales of perceived stigma amongst children with epilepsy and their parents,as well as its Turkish version,were used as measuring tools.Experts were also consulted for their opinions.Meanwhile,Bartlett's test,Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)index,exploratory factor analysis,principal component analysis,varimax rotation and scree plot test were used to determine the validity of the study,Moreover,the coefficients of Cronbach'sαand Pearson's product-moment correlation were used to identify internal consistency,homogeneity and thus reliability.Results:Evaluations and analyses indicated that the Turkish version of the child and parent scales can be used with a single dimension.The mean scores of such scales were 24.02±8.47 and 15.68±4.04,respectively.All item-total score correlations of the child and parent scales were found to be significant(P<0.05).The KMO coefficient of the child scale was 0.94,whereas the chi-square value of Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant at 209.311(P<0.05).Moreover,the KMO coefficient of the parent scale was found to be 0.80,whereas the chi-square value of Bartlett's test of sphericity was found to be significant at 209.311(P<0.05).The Cronbach'sαcoefficients were 0.95 and 0.87 for the child and parent scales,respectively.Conclusion:The Turkish version of the child and parent scales of perceived stigma is valid and reliable in measuring the perception of stigma amongst children with epilepsy and their parents.
文摘Objective: To analyze the correlation between urine retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and serum HbA1c?with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 1 diabetic children. Methods:?This?was a crosssectional observational analytic?study. The subjects?were?type 1 diabetic children aged 2 - 14 years. Sample collection was conducted from October to November 2014. Exclusion criteria were patients with obesity, renal insufficiency?that?was not caused by diabetes, history of hepatic diseases, and history of blood cell disorders. We?performed anamnesis, physical examination, and blood sampling for serum HbA1c?and serum cystatin-C, and urine sampling for RBP-4?on all subjects. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated from the concentration level of cystatin-C using Filler formula. Data analysis was performed?by?Spearman test to determine the correlation between urine RBP-4 and serum HbA1c?with GFR. The Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the correlation between duration of diabetes and RBP-4, HbA1c, and also GFR. Results:?Twelve females (60%) and 8 males (40%) participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects with 95% CI?was: 10.5 (2 - 14) years while the mean age of duration diabetes with 95% CI: 3.8 (0.5 - 10) years. Twelve (60%) subjects had?<5 years duration of diabetes, while eight (40%) subjects had?≥5 years duration of diabetes. Twelve (60%) subjects had normal RBP-4 level, while eight (40%) subjects had?elevated RBP-4 level. The mean level of HbA1c?with 95% CI: 8.9 (5.1 - 15.2)%. Thirteen (65%) subjects had poor metabolic. The mean GFR of the subjects with 95% CI: 99.3 (35.2 - 147.4) mL/1.73/m2. Nineteen (95%) subjects had normal GFR, while 1 (5%) had renal insufficiency. The results of data analysis using Spearman test on the correlation between urine RBP-4 and serum HbA1cwith GFR were not significant. The result of correlation between duration of diabetes and urine RBP-4 was significant?using?Fischer’s test. Conclusion:?The results?showed?no correlation between urine RBP-4 and serum HbA1c?with GFR. Urine RBP-4 could?be considered to assess renal function in type 1 diabetic patients with a duration of diabetes of more than 5 years.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of short stature in KBG syndrome is relatively high.Data on the therapeutic effects of growth hormone(GH)on children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature in the previous literature has not been summarized.CASE SUMMARY Here we studied a girl with KBG syndrome and collected the data of children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature from previous studies before and after GH therapy.The girl was referred to our department because of short stature.Physical examination revealed mild dysmorphic features.The peak GH responses to arginine and clonidine were 6.22 and 5.40 ng/mL,respectively.The level of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)was 42.0 ng/mL.Genetic analysis showed a c.2635 dupG(p.Glu879fs)mutation in the ANKRD11 gene.She received GH therapy.During the first year of GH therapy,her height increased by 0.92 standard deviation score(SDS).Her height increased from-1.95 SDS to-0.70 SDS after two years of GH therapy.There were ten children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature who received GH therapy in reported cases.Height SDS was improved in nine(9/10)of them.The mean height SDS in five children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature increased from-2.72±0.44 to-1.95±0.57 after the first year of GH therapy(P=0.001).There were no adverse reactions reported after GH treatment.CONCLUSION GH treatment is effective in our girl and most children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature during the first year of therapy.
文摘Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these children. A top priority is to understand quality of life (QoL), family function, and family empowerment to effectively support these families. We aimed to assess current living situations of families with a SMID child, and to reveal the relationships between QoL, family function, and family empowerment. Methods: Sixty-five family members from 34 families with a SMID child participated in this study. We assessed 5 parameters using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26), Kinder Lebensqualitats Fragebogen (KINDL), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale KG-4 (FACESKG-4), and Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted;QoL score was the objective variable. Results: Participants included 54 parents (34 mothers, 20 fathers) and 11 siblings. The mean age of SMID children was 10.4 ± 5.03 years. Twenty-two children needed multiple types of medical care. The mean age of parents and siblings was 41.5 ± 6.16 years and 15.5 ± 2.35 years, respectively. The mean QoL score (3.28 ± 0.5) was similar to the Japanese average. The mean KINDL score (77.2 ± 12.1) was higher than those of previous studies. The mean FAD score was 1.97 ± 0.32. For FACEKG-4, the score of adaptability was correlated with WHOQOL score (r = 0.459, p < 0.05). The mean score of FES was 113.6 ± 14. As the result of multiple regression analysis, lower family FAD scores ([sb] = ?0.61, p < 0.01) indicated higher family function and greater age of participants (sb = 0.495, p < 0.01) was correlated with higher WHOQOL scores (F = 15.208, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the individual QoL depended on the age of participants (equals the years of experience caring for a SMID child) and the recognition of family function as a whole. Thus, to improve family members’ QoL, we should focus on individuals and also approach the family as a whole.
文摘Background: Parenting stress causes physical and psychological problems for mothers during child-rearing and negatively impacts the growth and development of their children. We assumed that Chinese mothers living in Japan would experience particularly high levels of parenting stress and difficulty because they had to leave the environment in which they were born and raised in a different language and culture. Objective: The objective is to identify the actual situation and related factors of parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan. Methods: From July to October 2021, an online, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was administered to the mothers of children aged 6 months to 5 years, and the data from 93 mothers were statistically analyzed. Results: Mothers in the study had one (45.2%) or two (45.2%) children in their care, and 23.7% of the mothers’ husbands were Japanese. The average score of total PSI-SF-15 of the mothers in this study was slightly higher than that of mothers raising children in China. Additionally, “I think it is a shame not to practice Chinese customs”, “I feel that Chinese customs are not respected”, “the number of children with diagnosed diseases”, “Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) total score” and “father’s nationality” influenced the parenting stress of the mothers in this study. Conclusion: In order to reduce parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan, it is necessary to respect and support the practice of Chinese customs, create an environment in which it is easy to discuss children’s illnesses, and educate mothers to promote the use of social support.
文摘Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental burden placed on families raising severely disabled children, particularly the primary caregivers, is great in home settings. For families to effectively utilize services and over-come child rearing problems, the families themselves need the “strength” to cooperate with others for the purpose of raising a severely disabled child. The ultimate goal of family support is to enable such families to achieve satisfaction and self-growth in child rearing. Methods: We used a questionnaire to survey 75 primary caregivers to empirically elucidate the empowerment and positive feelings towards child rearing of families raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities and the related factors. The t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to examine the association with bivariates. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for empowerment and positive feelings. Results: Results revealed that life events, livelihood, awareness of social support and the child’s sleep problems were factors related to empowerment. Of these, awareness of social support from outside of the family was found to contribute the most to empowerment. Furthermore, improvement and maintenance of positive feelings towards child rearing reaffirmed the existence of empowerment in addition to reducing negative feelings towards child rearing and ensuring social support. Conclusions: Raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities requires specialist knowledge and skills. Support from professionals to empower the entire family is therefore important in order to strengthen positive feelings towards child rearing.
文摘Objective To reveal the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and the Chinese Han nationality children with CA, compared the distribution of the 5-HTTLPR between the Han Chinese children with CA and healthy Han Chinese children ,and analyzed the association between the 5-HTTLPR and clinical symptoms of the Han Chinese children with CA. Methods Genomic DNAs of fifty subjects including 25 autistic children and 25 controls were extracted from blood samples. PCR amplification using Oligonucleotide primers flanking 5-HTTLPR was performed. Results ① Three kinds of alleles including the S (short) allele, the L (long) allele and the VL allele were found , and the 5-HTTLPR genotypes shown were S/S, L/L, S/L and L/VL. ② Allele frequencies did not differ significantly in patient groups in comparison with the control sample. No significant difference was identified between the observed 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution of the patient groups and control group. ③ The distribution of homozygous and heterozygous subjects between the two groups differed significantly. ④ The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor. ⑤ The allele frequency of healthy Han Chinese population and that of healthy Japanese population were similar. The frequency of S allele in not only autistic subjects but also healthy children in this study was considerably more than that in Caucasians and the frequency of L allele in our subjects decreased correspondingly. Conclusion ① A significant difference in the allele frequency between the Han Chinese and Caucasian populations was found. ② The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor of the patients. ③ The homozygote and the L allele were positively relevant to CA and they might be the risk factors of CA. The heterozygote and the S allele were negatively relevant to CA and they might be the protective factors of CA.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> To tell children that they are diagnosed with cancer is challenging for any healthcare professional and family. Pictures books are one of the communication tools for talking with children about severe diseases. However, little research is available about the contents of picture books about cancer for children. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the contents of children’s picture books about cancer and explore the advantages and disadvantages of using picture books to communicate with children about cancer.<strong> Methods:</strong> We searched the picture books about cancer written for children aged under ten years old on the Amazon.com Web site on 5 July 2019 and hand-searched on the cancer-related institutes’ Web site. We extracted the texts of relevant picture books and conducted a content analysis of them. <strong>Results:</strong> We identified 2555 picture books and included 30 of them. We identified three main contents, 1) cancer-related knowledge, 2) impacts of cancer, and 3) dealing with cancer. These contents were written with simple words and illustrations. Some of them included the essential contents, which might be misunderstood by children.<strong> Conclusions:</strong> Picture books might be helpful for children to understand about cancer. However, as these books do not include all contents, it is necessary to select and use multiple books depending on the content which is wanted to tell the child. Further research should evaluate the impacts of these books as a communication tool when talking with children diagnosed with cancer.
文摘Background: Since the isolation of HHV-6 in 1986, extensive investigation has revealed it to be ubiquitous and responsible for the majority of cases of a common febrile rash illness of infants known as roseola. Other clinical associations including seizure disorders, encephalitis and meningitis have also been stated in various publications. Objective: The aim of the study is to find out if there is any association between HHV-6 infection and the convulsions prevailing at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra-Ghana. Methods and Results: Children admitted into the Department of Child Health with episode of convulsions were recruited after informed consent had been sought from subjects. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Plasma were obtained from patients. PCR directed at the detection of the large tegument protein (LTP) gene in the SIE strain of the HHV-6 in Plasma and CSF from patients was done. The mean age of study subjects was 37.44 months with 53 (64.6%) being males. There was a significant relationship between the convulsions and fever (P < 0.05). Based on CSF characteristics gathered, viral infections may be the probable cause of the observed convulsions but not malaria or bacterial infections. None of the samples from the patients had evidence of HHV-6. Conclusion: The study was unable to establish HHV-6 infection in the CSF and Plasma of patients. What role if any HHV-6 has in convulsions seen in children or neurological diseases at large merits further studies. Other neurotropic viruses need to be investigated as possible causes for the convulsions.
文摘The number of children with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities (SMID) receiving medical treatment/recovering at home is rising yearly. Although benefits of this care are emphasized, the stress and duties of family members in the household are extremely great, especially because Japan is becoming a society of nuclear families. In this study, we described the lifestyles of nuclear families providing in-home medical care for children with SMID, focusing on family members’ roles. Roles of mothers, fathers, and siblings of children with SMID were summarized from semi-structured inter-views. As a result, for “the roles of each family member living with a child with SMID”, mothers had five roles, fathers seven, and siblings five. For “the hopes of each family member living with a child with SMID”, parents desired the whole family collaboration in care for children with SMID, and as caregivers, parents’ common thoughts included wanting siblings in order to help care for the child with SMID and wanting siblings to treasure their own lives. Siblings wanted their mother to have some time for rest and expected their fathers to have two main roles. They also expected their grandparents and other siblings to fulfill roles.
文摘Background and Objectives: Cancer treatments leading to increased survival rates are reported to participate in the creation of debilitating physical and psychosocial deficits for cancer survivors. Measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are designed to tap such consequences of cancer treatment together with the impact of the disease itself. Methods: Parents of 67 included patients aged 8 - 12 years, were asked to complete the parent proxy report of PedsQLTM 3.0 Cancer Module (Arabic version), as well as a separate sheet for socio-demographic data. Results: The ratio of Males to females was 1.8:1 among study patients with a median age of 8 years at diagnosis. Hematological malignancies represented 70.1% of the sample, with the highest proportion for ALL (52.2%). Total QOL showed to be relatively low with mean value of 62.29 for the whole group. Subscales with least scores were for;worry (44.11), perceived physical appearance (50.6), and procedural anxiety (55.34). On the other hand, the best score was 75.98 for communication, followed by 72.63 for cognitive problems. The impacts of some medical and socio-demographic variables on QOL and its subscales were elicited in our results. Conclusion: Increased treatment intensity, long duration of hospital admission, higher frequency of hospital visits, female sex, younger age at diagnosis, and large family size were all associated with a poorer total QOL and/or its subscales among Egyptian pediatric cancer patients.