The prevalence,associated factors,and impact of urinary incontinence in pregnant and postpartum women in Nanjing,China:A cross-sectional study

Objective:Urinary incontinence(UI)is highly prevalent in antenatal and postnatal women while the prevalence of UI varied largely from 3.84%to 38.65%.This study was to assess the prevalence of UI,the associated factors,and the impact of UI on daily life in pregnant and postpartum women in Nanjing,China.Methods:The prevalence of UI and the impact of UI on life were assessed by the validated Chinese version of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-urinary incontinence-short form and the validated Chinese version of urinary incontinence quality of life.The associated factors were estimated by using logistic regression analysis.Results:UI affected 37.80%of pregnant women and 16.41%of postpartum women of the study population.Among the pregnant participants,the prevalence rates of stress UI,urge UI,and mixed UI were 25.77%,4.47%,and 7.10%,respectively.Among the postpartum women,the prevalence rates of stress UI,urge UI,and mixed UI were 11.15%,1.92%,and 2.69%,respectively.In both pregnant women and postpartum women,vaginal delivery had significantly increased the odds of reporting UI(p=0.007,p=0.003,respectively).The impact of UI on daily life was significantly greater in postpartum women compared to pregnant women especially in social embarrassment(p=0.000).Conclusion:The prevalence rates of UI were high in pregnant women in Nanjing,China.Vaginal delivery significantly increased odds of reporting UI.UI has a great impact on pregnant and postpartum women’s life,especially in social embarrassment.

Expression of Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Beta-Polypeptide in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Chinese Medicines

Objectives： To investigate the role of prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide （P4HB） expressed in lung carcinoma and the intervention effect of Yiqi Chutan Formula （益气除痰方, YQCTF）. Methods： Lung carcinoma model was established by subcutaneously inoculating LEWIS lung carcinoma cells in C57BL/6J mice. The differential expression of P4HB protein between the YQCTF （3.0 g/kg, gavage, once daily, 21 days） group and the control group was acquired by a 2 fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis （2D-DIGE）, verified by Westem blotting and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF/＇IOF-MS）. The expression of P4HB and P4HB mRNA in cultured A549 cells from cisplatin （DDP） 1.5μg/mL group and 15% serum combined with DDP 1.5 μg/mL group were detected by cellular immunohistochemistry and reverse chain reaction, respectively. Results： The proteomics research discovered that one-third of differential proteins including P4HB were decreased in the YQCTF group （P〈0.01）. Clinical pathology and tissue microarray studies showed that P4HB expression in lung cancer tissue was stronger than adjacent tissues and normal lung epithelial （P〈0.01）. In the YQCTF and DDP combined groups, the expression of P4HB and P4HB mRNA in A549 cell were decreased significantly （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： YQCTF could inhibit the LEWIS lung carcinoma＇s growth, decrease the expression of P4HB in LEWIS lung carcinoma and A549 cells. YQCTF might take effect through regulating P4HB in endoplasmic reticulum to inhibit the incidence and growth process of lung cercinoma.

Treatment of 20 Infants with Night Crying by Tuina and Auricular Application

Night crying is a condition that infants under one year old often cry at night, or at regular times, sometimes throughout the entire night, but acting normal during daytime. We treated 20 cases by tuina and auricular application. It is reported as follows.

Thrombin promotes human lung fibroblasts to proliferate via NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species/extracellular regulated kinase signaling pathway

Background Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that plays a crucial role in hemostasis following tissue injury.In addition to its procoagulation effect, thrombin is also a potent mesenchymal cell mitogen, therefore it plays important roles in the local proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the tissue repair process. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） can induce some human cells to proliferate at lower rates while at higher concentrations they promote cells to undergo apoptosis or necrosis. Accumulative evidence suggests that thrombin can induce some cells to produce ROS. Based on these observations, we provide a hypothesis that thrombin can stimulate human lung fibroblasts to produce ROS, which play an important role in human lung fibroblast proliferation.Methods ROS were detected in fibroblasts at 30 minutes and 60 minutes following thrombin （20 U/ml） exposure using flow cytometry. The ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione （GSH/GSSG） was assayed in lung fibroblasts using a commercial kit following treatment with thrombin at different concentrations. NADPH oxidase and the extracellular regulated kinase1/2 （ERK1/2） signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting after thrombin stimulation to lung fibroblasts.Results Thrombin, at 20 U/ml, stimulated human lung fibroblasts （HLF） to generate ROS in a time dependent manner.The ratio of GSH/GSSG in fibroblasts treated with thrombin showed a significant decrease. NADPH oxidase was activated and the ERK1/2 signal pathway was involved in the proliferation process of fibroblasts treated with thrombin.Conclusion The activation of NADPH oxidase by thrombin leads to the production of ROS, which promotes fibroblasts proliferation via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Mast Cell-Derived Exosomes at the Stimulated Acupoints Activating the Neuro-immune Regulation

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that take part in intercellular signaling. Research has shown that acupuncture is closely related to affecting the functions of the mast cells in the local region of the acupoint, and stimulating the afferent nerve. Mast cells have a connection with the conduction within the meridians, and play an important role in immuno-regulation. The ＇synapse-like＇ connection between the mast cells and nerve endings is the basis for the exchange of information between these two tissues. Exosome mediates mast exchange of information between mast cells and the nerves, starting the process of neuro-immuno regulation. Therefore, we propose that mast cell-derived exosomes mediate the neuro-immuno regulation at the local site of acupuncture, and this is one of the key factors resulting in the effectiveness of acupuncture.