Neural stem cells(NSC)act as a versatile tool for neuronal cell replacement strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders in which functional neurorestorative mechanisms are limited.While the beneficial effects of s...Neural stem cells(NSC)act as a versatile tool for neuronal cell replacement strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders in which functional neurorestorative mechanisms are limited.While the beneficial effects of such cellbased therapy have already been documented in terms of neurodegeneration of various origins,a neurophysiological basis for improvement in the recovery of neurological function is still not completely understood.This overview briefly describes the cumulative evidence from electrophysiological studies of NSCderived neurons,aimed at establishing the maturation of differentiated neurons within a host microenvironment,and their integration into the host circuits,with a particular focus on the neurogenesis of NSC grafts within the post-ischemic milieu.Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that the host microenvironment largely regulates the lineage of NSC grafts.This regulatory role,as yet underestimated,raises possibilities for the favoured maturation of a subset of neural phenotypes in order to gain timely remodelling of the impaired brain tissue and amplify the therapeutic effects of NSC-based therapy for recovery of neurological function.展开更多
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(mTLE),the most common type of focal epilepsy,is associated with functional and structural brain alterations.Machine learning(ML)techniques have been successfully used in discriminating mT...Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(mTLE),the most common type of focal epilepsy,is associated with functional and structural brain alterations.Machine learning(ML)techniques have been successfully used in discriminating mTLE from healthy controls.However,either functional or structural neuroimaging data are mostly used separately as input,and the opportunity to combine both has not been exploited yet.We conducted a multimodal ML study based on functional and structural neuroimaging measures.We enrolled 37 patients with left mTLE,37 patients with right mTLE,and 74 healthy controls and trained a support vector ML model to distinguish them by using each measure and the combinations of the measures.For each single measure,we obtained a mean accuracy of 74%and 69%for discriminating left mTLE and right mTLE from controls,respectively,and 64%when all patients were combined.We achieved an accuracy of 78%by integrating functional data and 79%by integrating structural data for left mTLE,and the highest accuracy of 84%was obtained when all functional and structural measures were combined.These findings suggest that combining multimodal measures within a single model is a promising direction for improving the classification of individual patients with mTLE.展开更多
The restricted neurogenesis limits the brain ability to overcome neuronal cell death following ischemic lesion：Failure of the damaged brain to regenerate following cerebral ischemia results in functional deficits tho...The restricted neurogenesis limits the brain ability to overcome neuronal cell death following ischemic lesion：Failure of the damaged brain to regenerate following cerebral ischemia results in functional deficits those are most often irreversible and can further deteriorate,causing mortality and severe disability,progressive memory loss and cognitive impairments,known as dementia.展开更多
A superior homonymous quadrantanopia is a well recognized complication of anterior temporal lobe resection and occurs because of disruption of the Meyer loop, the anterior part of the optic radiation. The authors used...A superior homonymous quadrantanopia is a well recognized complication of anterior temporal lobe resection and occurs because of disruption of the Meyer loop, the anterior part of the optic radiation. The authors used diffusion tensor imaging tractography to visualize the optic radiation before and after surgery, demonstrating the disruption of Meyer loop in a patient who developed a quadrantanopia. Preoperative imaging of the optic radiation will be useful in predicting visual field defects following temporal lobe resection.展开更多
文摘Neural stem cells(NSC)act as a versatile tool for neuronal cell replacement strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders in which functional neurorestorative mechanisms are limited.While the beneficial effects of such cellbased therapy have already been documented in terms of neurodegeneration of various origins,a neurophysiological basis for improvement in the recovery of neurological function is still not completely understood.This overview briefly describes the cumulative evidence from electrophysiological studies of NSCderived neurons,aimed at establishing the maturation of differentiated neurons within a host microenvironment,and their integration into the host circuits,with a particular focus on the neurogenesis of NSC grafts within the post-ischemic milieu.Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that the host microenvironment largely regulates the lineage of NSC grafts.This regulatory role,as yet underestimated,raises possibilities for the favoured maturation of a subset of neural phenotypes in order to gain timely remodelling of the impaired brain tissue and amplify the therapeutic effects of NSC-based therapy for recovery of neurological function.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81501452,81621003,81761128023,81220108031,and 81227002)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT,No.IRT16R52)of China+1 种基金the Scholar Professorship Award(No.T2014190)of Chinathe CMB Distinguished Professorship Award(No.F510000/G16916411)administered by the Institute of International Education.
文摘Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(mTLE),the most common type of focal epilepsy,is associated with functional and structural brain alterations.Machine learning(ML)techniques have been successfully used in discriminating mTLE from healthy controls.However,either functional or structural neuroimaging data are mostly used separately as input,and the opportunity to combine both has not been exploited yet.We conducted a multimodal ML study based on functional and structural neuroimaging measures.We enrolled 37 patients with left mTLE,37 patients with right mTLE,and 74 healthy controls and trained a support vector ML model to distinguish them by using each measure and the combinations of the measures.For each single measure,we obtained a mean accuracy of 74%and 69%for discriminating left mTLE and right mTLE from controls,respectively,and 64%when all patients were combined.We achieved an accuracy of 78%by integrating functional data and 79%by integrating structural data for left mTLE,and the highest accuracy of 84%was obtained when all functional and structural measures were combined.These findings suggest that combining multimodal measures within a single model is a promising direction for improving the classification of individual patients with mTLE.
文摘The restricted neurogenesis limits the brain ability to overcome neuronal cell death following ischemic lesion：Failure of the damaged brain to regenerate following cerebral ischemia results in functional deficits those are most often irreversible and can further deteriorate,causing mortality and severe disability,progressive memory loss and cognitive impairments,known as dementia.
文摘A superior homonymous quadrantanopia is a well recognized complication of anterior temporal lobe resection and occurs because of disruption of the Meyer loop, the anterior part of the optic radiation. The authors used diffusion tensor imaging tractography to visualize the optic radiation before and after surgery, demonstrating the disruption of Meyer loop in a patient who developed a quadrantanopia. Preoperative imaging of the optic radiation will be useful in predicting visual field defects following temporal lobe resection.
