Role of Rehabilitation Counseling and Psychology in Working with Individuals with Work-related Chronic Pain Injuries: An Interdisciplinary Approach-Chronic Pain and Work Injuries in the United States

This paper addresses the topic of an interdisciplinary approach of chronic pain management from a biopsychosocial perspective. The first section provides an introduction to the definitions and theories of chronic pain and the various contributing factors (psychological, interpersonal/environmental and social support, and vocational). The second section presents the role of various health care professions (medical doctors, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists and rehabilitation counselors) and the evidence of their treatment effectiveness. The third section discusses the concept of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) and its evidence to support its effectiveness. Finally, the clinical implications of rehabilitation counseling and psychology as part of the inter-disciplinary program in treating individuals with chronic pain will be highlighted.

The Impact of Pre-Marital Counseling and Psychological Variables on Marital Satisfaction Among Married Couples in Laterbiokoshie, Accra, Ghana

The study examined the effect of pre-marital counseling on marital satisfaction and the relationship of three psychological variables,intimacy,self-esteem and locus of control among married couples who received marital counseling and married couples who did not receive marital counseling.The study employed a cross-sectional survey.Standardized questionnaires were used to assess all variables of interest.Data entry,validation and analysis was done using the Statistical Product and Services Solution software(SPSS version 25).The total number of study participants were 720.The sample was predominantly female,430(60%)and Christian,675(94%).Study participants who were married by ordinance comprised 400(56%)and most of them attended pre-marital counseling 470(65%)for at least five months(Mean,S.D.=5.54±3.44).The results showed that couples who attended pre-marital counseling before marriage were more significantly satisfied with their marriages than those who did not attend pre-marital counseling before marrying[t(718)=2.050,p<.05].Intimacy and self-esteem significantly influenced marital satisfaction among married couples who received pre-marital counseling,whereas only intimacy had a significant influence among couples who did not receive pre-marital counseling.Pre-marital counseling should be encouraged in all counseling centers and churches.

Prioritization of factors related to mental health of women during an earthquake:A qualitative study

BACKGROUND: According to the fact that women account for the highest rate of victims of mental health loss during disasters, prioritization of their requirements is of remarkable signifi cance. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the aim to prioritize factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. METHODS: This study was conducted using the Delphi method in 2017. Participants consisted of experts including psychologists, counselors and psychiatrists, social medicine specialists, and psychiatric-mental health nurses with experience in service and disaster awareness, especially earthquake. They were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The Delphi method was used in 2 rounds with 21 components and the fi nal attendance of 19 participants and the collective agreement of 75%. RESULTS: Of the 21 factors related to women's mental health during the earthquake, the following components were, respectively, preferred by the participants: psychological well-being training, group relationships and support of women in emergency situations, fair treatment in the provision of rights and services to women, crisis awareness and management of behavior and diffi cult conditions, and social security during disasters with the total mean standard deviation (SD) of 13.4 (2.4), 13.0 (2.4), 12.7 (2.5), 12.5 (2.4), and 12.3 (2.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: Training in the fi eld of psychology and disasters, and social and cultural factors were prioritized among factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. Therefore, the results of this study can be applied by the planners and executives of mental health, women and disasters, and the women's community itself.

The relationship between differentiation of self and satisfaction with life amongst Israeli women: A cross cultural perspective

The current study examined the relationships between satisfaction with life and differentiation of self among Jewish and Arab women living inIsrael. The sample included 268 participants: 114 Jewish women and 154 Arab women. For both ethnic groups, satisfaction with life was negatively correlated with emotional cutoff. Among Arab women, satisfaction with life was found positively associated with I-position, marriage duration and education. The examination of cross-cultural differences yielded several findings: Arab women reported higher levels of emotional reactivity and I-position than Jewish women. No cultural differences were found in the levels of fusion with others, emotional cutoff and satisfaction with life. The current findings show that working women, who are highly differentiated, are satisfied with life to a greater extent than non-working women who are poorly differentiated. In general, the research findings provide support to the universality of the Family Systems Theory, and to the argument that differentiation of self is an important factor which may influence emotional wellbeing in all cultures.

Concept analysis of coping with multiple sclerosis

Objective:The concept of coping with disease appears frequently in the literature;however,there is no precise definition of coping.The aim of this study is to clarify coping concept,and to identify its attributes,antecedents,and consequences in patients with multiple sclerosis.Methods:Rodgers'evolutionary method of concept analysis was used to clarify the concept of coping.A literature review was conducted with key terms‘multiple sclerosis’,‘coping’,‘adjustment’,and‘deal with’.After searching databases,1370 papers were found for the period 1995e2017.Finally,55 articles and texts were selected for analysis.Data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis.An independent researcher checked the process to ensure credibility and reduce personal bias.Results:Coping with multiple sclerosis is a multidimensional concept with three main attributes:maintenance of emotional balance,acceptance of the disease,and self-regulation.Social support,awareness toward the disease,attitude toward the disease,and religious-spiritual beliefs were found as antecedents.Health promotion,adherence to treatment regimen,independence in personal life and social relationships,and improvement of family relationships were found as consequences of these attributes.Conclusion:These findings not only add to the body of knowledge in health science,but also serve as an important motivation for further theory development and research in this context.Nurses and health professions can also benefit from a deeper understanding of coping concept in providing and planning healthcare for these patients.

Determining the Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy on Mindfulness-Based in Marital Fatigue and Women Intimacy

This research aimed at determining the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in marital fatigue and married women intimacy. The semi-experimental research design with witness group and evaluation for pretest-posttest was used. The study population consisted of married women, referred to health counseling center in the 1st district of Tehran during 2016 and lasted about 1 year. Using random sampling method, were selected 30 married women referred to health counseling center in the 1st district of Tehran, whom the main reason for their visit was declared incompatibility and marital conflict. And 15 of those who would like to participate in training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, were in the experimental group and 15 others were in the witness group. For experimental group, were presented mindfulness-based interventions in 8 sessions every session in one and a half hours. In this study, to collect data was to use two questionnaires: measure marital intimacy and marital fatigue. After collecting the results, data were entered into the software Spss and assumptions were evaluated using analysis of covariance. The results showed that the average of experimental group compared with the control group after the intervention health was significantly different in variables like: physical fatigue, mental disability, emotional banality, and intimacy (p = 0.001). According to the findings above, it can be concluded that a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training can reduce marital fatigue and as well as significantly effective in intimacy.

Effectiveness Life Review on Life Satisfaction among Adolescents under the Supervision of Qazvin Well-Being Center

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Effectiveness Life Review on Life Satisfaction among Adolescents under the Supervision of Qazvin Well-being Center 2012-2013. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental research including experimental and control groups with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all 12 - 18 years old male students who were nurtured in Qazvin Well-being Center, among whom 16 individuals were selected through applying purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups with equal number of subjects. The investigation was done using Diener’s (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) Questionnaire. The experimental group received life review therapy in 6 sessions (90 minutes per session). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), using SPSS software. Results: Results indicated that life review therapy was effective in increasing male adolescents’ life satisfaction living in the welfare center. Conclusion: Life review therapy improves quality of life and life satisfaction;therefore, this treatment can be used as an effective method to improve the living conditions of young people.

“阳刚”还是“清秀”更具吸引力？--对男性面孔二态性不同偏好的元分析

生活中,有的喜欢"清秀"的男性面孔,而有的则更偏爱长得"阳刚"的面孔,已有大量的研究致力于解释这一分歧,但是得出的研究结果各不一致。本研究用元分析方法考察对男性面孔二态性的不同偏好,通过检索、搜集了23篇有效文献,56对数据满足了元分析标准(n=8408)。结果发现,漏斗图和Begg&Mazumdar秩相关检验、Egger’s检验结果显示不存在发表偏差;主效应检验发现对男性面孔二态性无明显偏好;调节效应检验表明,对男性面孔二态性偏好受面孔生成技术、生理周期的调节,但不受被试性别、关系背景和文化的调节。人们对男性面孔二态性的偏好,除了本身生物学特质(生理周期)外,还受到生成技术的影响。

正念冥想对焦虑症状的干预:效果及其影响因素元分析

正念冥想对焦虑的干预效果结论不一,系统考察其干预效果及影响因素,有助于理解其作用机制,并为正念冥想干预焦虑提供实践指导。本研究遵循PRISMA-Protocol,运用元分析技术,以即时效果与追踪效果为结果变量,考察被试特征、干预特征、研究特征和结果分析4个方面(11个变量)的调节作用。通过数据库检索与筛选,最终纳入东西方国家实证研究共55项(68个独立效应量,4595名被试)。结果发现:正念冥想对焦虑干预的整体即时效果量达到显著的中等到大效果(g=0.60),但追踪效果不显著。单因素回归模型分析表明,研究质量、国家地域、年龄、干预形式(团体练习vs.个体练习)、家庭练习与脱落率显著调节干预即时效果,其中国家地域变量对效果量影响程度最大;多元回归分析显示,对照组类型、国家地域、练习经验、数据分析方式(ITT vs.PP)对干预效果存在调节作用;此外,国家地域与其他变量存在交互作用。后续研究需在研究质量、成本效益、不同焦虑类型及其他调节变量和提供客观评价指标上作改进。

抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍治疗的神经心理机制——脑成像研究的ALE元分析

抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍是两种最常见的精神障碍。使用激活似然估计(activation likelihood estimation,ALE)元分析对抑郁和焦虑障碍患者治疗后出现的一致脑区激活改变进行评估,并考察不同条件下这一改变的差异。研究共纳入25篇文献,结果发现:(1)抑郁和焦虑障碍接受治疗后,枕下回(inferior occipital gyrus,IOG)等脑区激活增加;豆状核(lentiform nucleus)等激活减少。(2)a.心理治疗产生的脑激活改变为豆状核活动的减少;药物治疗则在于扣带回(cingulate gyrus)等活动增加,而楔前叶(precuneus)等活动减少。b.任务下成像治疗后激活增加的脑区为扣带回等,减少的脑区为楔前叶等;静息下成像,治疗后枕下回等激活增加,额内侧回(medial frontal gyrus,MFG)等激活减少。c.抑郁障碍治疗后的脑激活变化为扣带回等活动增加,楔前叶等活动减少;焦虑障碍在于前扣带回/额内侧回(anterior cingulate/MFG)活动减少。研究表明治疗会给抑郁和焦虑障碍带来一致的脑区激活改变;治疗方法、成像状态和障碍类型不同,治疗后脑区激活改变也存在差异。

社交焦虑的消极与积极注意偏向大小及其相关因素的meta分析

目的:系统评价社交焦虑个体的积极和消极注意偏向大小及其影响因素。方法:检索中文数据库(中国知网、万方、维普)和英文数据库(Web of Science,Springer Link,Wiley Online Library,Sicence Direct,Talor&Francis online,Psyc NET)中采用直接或者间接方法测量社交焦虑个体注意偏向的研究,使用CMA3.0对符合纳入排除标准的文献数据进行meta分析,计算社交焦虑积极和消极注意偏向的整体效果量,并通过亚组分析探讨影响注意偏向效果量的可能调节变量。结果:共纳入41篇研究,总样本2541人。消极和积极注意偏向总体效果量分别为0.57和-0.06。对于消极注意偏向,间接测量效果量(g=0.55)大于直接测量(g=0.10),词汇刺激效果量(g=0.77)大于面孔刺激(g=0.23),均P<0.001。对于积极刺激注意偏向,注意警觉效果量(g=0.11)大于注意回避(g=-0.18),间接测量效果量(g=0.17)大于直接测量(g=-0.22),词汇刺激效果量(g=0.35)大于面孔刺激(g=-0.16),均P<0.01。结论:本研究发现,社交焦虑个体可能对消极刺激存在中等程度的选择性注意偏向,对积极刺激注意偏向程度低;注意偏向受刺激呈现的时间进程、测量方法以及实验材料的影响。

大数据时代心理学文本分析技术--“主题模型”的应用

主题模型(Topic Model)作为一种计算机化文本分析方法,目前被研究人员应用于心理学文本分析领域的诸多研究中。在心理咨询研究领域中,主题模型可以用于探索咨询过程中咨询师和当事人之间谈话的主题,比较不同治疗类别的相似性,以及进行行为编码;在社交媒体与心理健康上,利用主题模型可识别和预测各种心理障碍以及进行人格计算。未来需要关注主题模型在算法和操作上的改善,并将其应用到中文语言环境之中,探索中文文本的心理学内涵。

过度“分享”负性事件与性别、心理健康和关系质量:对共同反刍的元分析

共同反刍是二元关系中的新概念,指两个人过度讨论负性事件,关注消极情绪。共同反刍是否具有性别差异,对心理健康的影响是否具有两面性是目前研究热点。本研究对共同反刍的性别差异,与内化问题、关系质量的相关关系进行元分析,结果显示:(1)共同反刍的性别差异显著,女性相对于男性更加容易发生共同反刍(g=0.57,p<0.001);青少年时期性别分化最明显(g_(青少年)=0.75,g_(成年人)=0.32,p<0.001),而且共同反刍的对象不同,性别差异大小也不同。(2)共同反刍与内化问题呈显著弱相关(r=0.15,p<0.001),控制反刍后合并相关系数为r=0.08(p<0.001),研究设计(横断/纵向)、年龄、共同反刍对象不是显著的调节变量。(3)共同反刍与关系质量具有中等强度的相关(r=0.42,p<0.001)。未来应进行更多的纵向研究和实验探索共同反刍与内化问题、关系质量的因果关系及其机制,并且开发更多形式的测量工具。

Non-pharmacological cognitive intervention for aging and dementia:Current perspectives

In recent years, cognitive difficulties associated with normal aging and dementia have been receiving increased attention from both public and scientific communities. With an increase in overall lifespan, promoting healthy cognition has become a priority and a necessity for minimizing and preventing individual and societal burdens associated with cognitive dysfunctions in the elderly. The general awareness concerning the efficacy of preventive(e.g., lifestyles) and palliative treatment strategies of cognitive impairments, related to either healthy or unhealthy trajectories in cognitive aging, is continuously rising. There are several therapeutic strategies which can be broadly classified as either pharmacological or non-pharmacological/psychosocial. In face of the modest evidence for success of pharmacological treatments, especially for dementia related impairments, psychosocial interventions are progressively considered as a complementary treatment. Despite the relative spread of psychosocial interventions in clinical settings, research in this area is rather scarce with evidence for success of these therapies remaining controversial. In this work we provide an evidence based perspective on cognitive intervention(s) for healthy aging, pre-dementia(mild cognitive impairment), and dementia populations. Current evidence and future directions for improving cognitive functions in the elderly are discussed as well.

A Survey about Self-Healing Systems (Desktop and Web Application)

The complexity of computer architectures, software, web applications, and its large spread worldwide using the internet and the rapid increase in the number of users in companion with the increase of maintenance cost are all factors guided many researchers to develop software, web applications and systems that have the ability of self-healing. The aim of the self healing software feature is to fast recover the application and keep it running and available for 24/7 as optimal as possible. This survey provides an overview of self-healing software and system that is especially useful in all of those situations in which the involvement of humans is costly and hard to recover and needs to be automated with self healing. There are different aspects which will make us understand the different benefits of these self-healing systems. Finally, the approaches, techniques, mechanisms and individual characteristics of self healing are classified in different tables and then summarized.

Job Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemics and Its Psychological Consequences

The Coronavirus pandemics,or the COVID-19,came as an unwelcomed guest that did not want to leave,where people until today do not know for sure all the ways it affects people’s health and overall being.The year of 2020 will be remembered as the one in which life almost stopped.A year full of losses that continue,from losing people dear to us,to losing jobs,opportunities,and freedom in almost every sense.This paper covers the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak that it had on people,focusing on the job loss and unemployment,the healthcare opportunities and availabilities,the gender discrimination in the process of losing jobs,and the most importantly the psychological consequences people suffered from,due to isolation,inability to work and to provide.

Mental Health, Religion and Suicide

Suicide is one of the most common yet serious concerns, and a worldwide subject that individuals have debated from the past to the present. Suicidal ideation affects and disrupts the functionality of a human being regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, or even religion. This article aims to discuss suicide in general and from an Islamic perspective in specific, as research has shown that an Islamically oriented approach and intervention works better with the Muslim population in general. The paper also aims to have a broader view of how Islam categorized suicide classically and its modern implications, which also lets us explore the similarities, and differences between the Islamic perspective and different religions about suicide and related mental health concerns. A collection of both classic and modern sources was used to extract information and provide a scope of definitions to clarify suicide and religiosity concerning the teachings and opinion of Islam about the meaning of life, afterlife, and soul. It was found that the Muslim population showed a lower rate of suicide in comparison to individuals from other religions, and religious individuals showed faster recovery from suicidal ideation. Yet, Muslims are not immune to mental health conditions that would result in suicide. Therefore, further studies and research need to be conducted to understand the huge stigma around Muslim about mental health and suicide in the Muslim communities, to compare the effectiveness among the religious and the non-religious Muslims, and lastly to fill the gap as to why the Muslim population tends to be hesitant in seeking help regarding their psychological problems.

Embodying Deeply Held Values in Education:Seeking a More Equitable World for Both Humans and Non-Humans

Highlights In this article,we contend that the bedrock of an equitable world lies in the profound recognition of love as the fundamental force permeating the cosmos.We believe that love is built into the essence of who we are.We posit that genuine progress toward an equitable world is elusive unless we place love,both for one another and for the natural world,at the core of our educational endeavors.

A population-based approach to the management of depression in a patient-centered medical home

Objective:This article describes the implementation of a population-based strategy to man-age depression in a patient-centered medical home.Methods:Review of English language articles;description of specific protocols utilized in one medical home.Results:Depression is a global concern estimated to affect 350 million people worldwide.Rates for depression vary between the United States and the Peoples’Republic of China,possibly due to significant factors in under diagnosis of this often hidden burden.Given the comorbidity of depres-sion with other health factors and the need for ongoing monitoring and care of this chronic illness,primary care has become a significant part of treatment interventions.Utilizing electronic health records(EHR),our strategy included the creation of a patient registry;selection of evidence-based treatment guidelines and protocols for point of care procedures;patient outreach and screening.Conclusion:The population-based program we outline is highly dependent on the EHR and the flexibility of roles and responsibilities of clinical staff.Further investigation is warranted into improved patient outcomes.

Determinants of moderate to vigorous physical activity and obesity in children:a structural equation modeling analysis

Background:The determinants of physical activity(PA)and body fatness in Chinese adolescents are rarely examined.This study aimed to investigate the effect of attitude toward PA,screen time,parents'socioeconomic status(SES),and exercise habit on PA and body fatness among Chinese children by using structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis.Methods:Data obtained from the second Community Fitness Survey in Hong Kong region were utilized,in which students from one secondary school of each of the 18 districts of Hong Kong were recruited.A total of 2517 questionnaires with physical fitness items were successfully distributed to students aged 13-19 years in these districts.Families'SES,parents'exercise habit,children's intention to participate in PA,amount of moderate to vigorous PA(MVPA),screen time,children's attitude toward PA,and children's body fat percentage were measured and analyzed with SEM.The structural equation model was composed of a measurement model and a structural model.The model was tested with Mplus 6.The Chi-square test,root mean square error of approximation,comparative fi t index,and Tucker-Lewis index were calculated to evaluate model fit.The model was then modifi ed based on the model fi t indices.Results:Children's intention to participate in PA was a strong predictor of their engagement in MVPA.Parents'exercise habit had both direct and indirect(via attitude)effects on their children's intention to participate in PA.Screen time was not a predictor of body composition.Children's intention to participate in PA directly affected their body composition.Children's attitude toward PA,parents'exercise habit,and SES had signifi cant effects on the children's intention to participate in PA.Furthermore,obesity had a negative effect on the children's attitude toward PA.Conclusions:To promote MVPA and prevent obesity in Chinese children of Hong Kong region,it is important to design intervention that enhances children's intention and attitude in PA,as well as parent's exercise habits.Tailormade programs that take SES into consideration are also essential.Further studies are necessary to extend the results and test the model in other metropolitan areas in China.