Resistance status of main malaria vector, Liston (Diptera:Culicidae) to insecticides in a malaria Endemic Area,Southern Iran

Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.

Tuberculosis in the mines of Zambia:A case for intervention

Zambia is among the sub-Saharan countries highly burdened with tuberculosis(TB) and has an estimated prevalence rate of 638 per 100 000 population in those aged 15 years and above.The mining industry is the main contributor to the country's gross national product,although it is associated with public health challenges,with TB in the mines being among the occupational health diseases having a negative economic impact and threatening to delay the control of TB in the country.We reviewed available evidence on the extent of the burden of TB in the mines so as to inform the development of targeted interventions for the post-2015 End TB Strategy.This was a review of published data from Medline/Pubmed,Cochrane Library and Embase,including unpublished "grey"literature on the burden of TB and the risk factors of TB in the mines of Zambia.There is limited research in Zambia to fully understand the burden of TB and risk factors associated with TB in the mines.However,the few studies and data available have shown that TB is a significant health problem requiring interventions to improve the quality of life of miners,ex-miners and surrounding communities.TB is a potential problem in the mines of Zambia and the actual burden needs to be determined.Exposure to silica as a risk factor needs further investigation.

Spatial Data Application on Health (COVID-19) in Health Region 6 of Thailand

Purpose: A geographic information system (GIS) in a combination with health data is very useful for disease monitoring, prevention and control. The new sciences of the combination of GIS and classical health data, namely spatial epidemiology. Methods: Using the secondary health database (including COVID-19 data);data source is the 43 standard data folders of Thailand health statistic collected by Ministry of Public Health Thailand, collected between 2013 and 2022. The data of the Heath Region 6 of Thailand was used as an example. Twodata sets health data with spatial data Combined to new database and developed dashboard to present the information via web base system. Results: The dash board provides new perspective of disease distribution view. For example, the map on our dashboard reports the density of COVID-19 cases in each area. Based on the records, the densest areas shown are the urban area in each province. It can also be used for resource distribution and access time to health center of the area. Conclusion: The project reports the use of GIS and public health data to develop a dashboard for monitoring health resources and disease distributions in the health region 6 of Thailand. The major limitation of spatial epidemiology is the lack of or incomplete raw data input in the system.

Acceptance and Factors Associated With Participation in Functional Cure–Related Trials Among People Living With HIV: A Cross-sectional Study in Southern China

HIV remains a global health challenge,and research efforts directed towards a functional cure require people living with HIV(PLHIV)in-volvement in clinical trials.Our study assessed willingness to participate in HIV functional cure–related clinical trials and associated factors among PLHIV in Guangzhou,China,using a questionnaire survey approach.We analyzed responses from 718 questionnaires,finding that 71.2%were willing to participate in Phase Ⅲtrials,while 51.7%were willing to participate in Phase I trials and 42.9%expressed acceptability for analytic treatment interruption.Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that male PLHIV,those with awareness of functional cure,and PLHIV,who had been on antiretroviral therapy(ART)for less than 1 year,were more willing to partic-ipate in Phase Ⅲtrials.Those with a body mass index greater than 24,and those without resistance to ART drug were more willing to participate in Phase I trials.The major motivations for participation in Phase Ⅲtrials were access to cutting-edge treatments(62.6%)and supporting research(55.3%).Safety was the main concern contributing to hesitancy.Our study revealed a high willingness to participate in HIV functional cure–related trials among PLHIV in Guangzhou,China,and willingness varied across different trial phases and was influenced by multiple factors.This study provides valuable references for future clinical trial recruitment strategies and public health policy formulation.