The effects of pre-equilibrium emission and secondary decay on the determination of the freeze-out volume are investigated using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model accompanied by the statistical de...The effects of pre-equilibrium emission and secondary decay on the determination of the freeze-out volume are investigated using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model accompanied by the statistical decay model GEMINI.Small-mass projectiles and large-mass targets with central collisions are studied at intermediate energies.It is revealed that the proton yields of pre-equilibrium emission are smaller than those of secondary decay.However,the determination of the freeze-out volume from the proton yields is more easily affected by pre-equilibrium emission.Moreover,the percentage of proton yields in the freezeout stage is found to be approxim-ately 50%.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11905018)Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province,China (2019L0908)
文摘The effects of pre-equilibrium emission and secondary decay on the determination of the freeze-out volume are investigated using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model accompanied by the statistical decay model GEMINI.Small-mass projectiles and large-mass targets with central collisions are studied at intermediate energies.It is revealed that the proton yields of pre-equilibrium emission are smaller than those of secondary decay.However,the determination of the freeze-out volume from the proton yields is more easily affected by pre-equilibrium emission.Moreover,the percentage of proton yields in the freezeout stage is found to be approxim-ately 50%.
