Strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis of supercapacitors:A review

The development of clean and sustainable energy sources has received widespread interest in the past few decades due to the rolling energy demands while extenuating the rising tiers of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution.Due to their intermittent nature,these green and sustainable sources require appropriate energy storage systems.Amongst different energy storage technologies,electrochemical energy storage devices,particularly supercapacitors(SCs),have fascinated global attention for their utilization in electric vehicles,power supports,portable electronics,and many others application requiring electric energy devices for their operation.Thus,the growth of SCs in the commercial market has squeezed requirements,and further developments are obligatory for their effective industrialization.In the meantime,SCs also face technical complications and contests for their introduction in industrial settings because of their low energy density and high Levelized cost.The present study combines core strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis of SCs with new perspectives and recent ideas.The challenges and the future progressive prospects of SCs are also presented in detail.This review will afford consistent direction and new superhighways for the further development of SCs as standalone and complementary energy storage systems.

High energy superstable hybrid capacitor with a self-regulated Zn/electrolyte interface and 3D graphene-like carbon cathode

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors(ZIHCs),as an up-and-comer aqueous electrochemical energy storage system,endure in their infancy because of the substandard reversibility of Zn anodes,structural deterioration of cathode materials,and narrow electrochemical stability window.Herein,a scalable approach is described that addresses Zn-anode/electrolyte interface and cathode materials associated deficiencies and boosts the electrochemical properties of ZIHCs.The Zn-anode/electrolyte interface is self-regulated by alteration of the traditional Zn2+electrolyte with Na-based supporting salt without surrendering the cost,safety,and green features of the Zn-based system which further validates the excellent reversibility over 1100 h with suppressed hydrogen evolution.The deficits of cathode materials were overcome by using a high-mass loaded,oxygen-rich,3D,multiscaled graphene-like carbon(3D MGC)cathode.Due to the multiscaled texture,high electronic conductivity,and oxygen-rich functional groups of 3D MGC,reversible redox capacitance was obtained with a traditional adsorption/desorption mechanism.Prototype ZIHCs containing the modified electrolyte and an oxygen-rich 3D MGC cathode resulted in battery-like specific energy(203 Wh kg1 at 1.6 A g^(-1))and supercapacitor-type power capability(4.9 kW kg1 at 8 A g^(-1))with outstanding cycling durability(96.75%retention over 30000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1)).These findings pave the way toward the utilization of highly efficient ZIHCs for practical applications.