Background:The important roles of liver and kidney in the elimination of injurious chemicals make them highly susceptible to the noxious activities of various toxicants including cobalt chloride(CoCl_(2)).This study w...Background:The important roles of liver and kidney in the elimination of injurious chemicals make them highly susceptible to the noxious activities of various toxicants including cobalt chloride(CoCl_(2)).This study was designed to investigate the role of glycine in the mitigation of hepato-renal toxicities associated with CoCl_(2)exposure.Methods:Forty-two(42)male rats were grouped as Control;(CoCl_(2);300 ppm);CoCl_(2)+Glycine(50 mg/kg);CoCl_(2)+Glycine(100 mg/kg);Glycine(50 mg/kg);and Glycine(100 mg/kg).The markers of hepatic and renal damage,oxidative stress,the antioxidant defense system,histopathology,and immunohistochemical localization of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin(NGAL)and renal podocin were evaluated.Results:Glycine significantly reduced the markers of oxidative stress(malondialdehyde content and H_(2)O_(2) generation),liver function tests(ALT,AST,and ALP),markers of renal function(creatinine and BUN),and decreased the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and podocin compared with rats exposed to CoCl_(2)toxicity without glycine treatment.Histopathology lesions including patchy tubular epithelial necrosis,tubular epithelial degeneration and periglomerular inflammation in renal tissues,and severe portal hepatocellular necrosis,inflammation,and duct hyperplasia were observed in hepatic tissues of rats exposed to CoCl_(2)toxicity,but were mild to absent in glycine-treated rats.Conclusion:The results of this study clearly demonstrate protective effects of glycine against CoCl_(2)-induced tissue injuries and derangement of physiological activities of the hepatic and renal systems in rats.The protective effects are mediated via augmentation of total antioxidant capacity and upregulation of NGAL and podocin expression.展开更多
Groundwater is the water located beneath the earth＇s surface in the soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. As one of the most important natural resources, groundwater is associated with the environ...Groundwater is the water located beneath the earth＇s surface in the soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. As one of the most important natural resources, groundwater is associated with the environment, public health, welfare, and long-term economic growth, which affects the daily activities of human beings. In modern urban areas, the primary contaminants of groundwater are artificial products, such as gasoline and diesel. To protect this important water resource, a series of efforts have been exerted, including enforcement and remedial actions. Each year, the TGPC （Texas Groundwater Protection Committee） in US publishes a ＂Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report＂ to describe historic and new contamination cases in each county, which is an important data source for the design of prevention strategies. In this paper, a DDM （data dependent modeling） approach is proposed to predict county-level NCC （new contamination cases）. A case study with contamination information from Harris County in Texas was conducted to illustrate the modeling and prediction process with promising results. The one-step prediction error is 1.5%, while the two-step error is 12.1%. The established model can be used at the county-level, state-level, and even at the country-level. Besides, the prediction results could be a reference during decision-making processes.展开更多
Asthma and allergies are considered by many physicians as being triggered by different substances in the air that people breathe. The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. Acute effects, howev...Asthma and allergies are considered by many physicians as being triggered by different substances in the air that people breathe. The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. Acute effects, however, may also include non-respiratory signs and symptoms, which may depend upon toxicological characteristics of the substances and host-related factors. The studying of indoor air quality can provide a method for appropriate remedial action. Research suggests that SHD （Settled House Dust） may be a significant source for indoor exposure to different substances. This research study consisted of sampling dust from homes in different area codes. The dust samples were collected from August 2006 thru March 2007 and analyzed using GC/MS （Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry）. The purpose of this research study will display how sampling household dust is a powerful tool for identifying chemicals that contribute to poor indoor air quality.展开更多
文摘Background:The important roles of liver and kidney in the elimination of injurious chemicals make them highly susceptible to the noxious activities of various toxicants including cobalt chloride(CoCl_(2)).This study was designed to investigate the role of glycine in the mitigation of hepato-renal toxicities associated with CoCl_(2)exposure.Methods:Forty-two(42)male rats were grouped as Control;(CoCl_(2);300 ppm);CoCl_(2)+Glycine(50 mg/kg);CoCl_(2)+Glycine(100 mg/kg);Glycine(50 mg/kg);and Glycine(100 mg/kg).The markers of hepatic and renal damage,oxidative stress,the antioxidant defense system,histopathology,and immunohistochemical localization of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin(NGAL)and renal podocin were evaluated.Results:Glycine significantly reduced the markers of oxidative stress(malondialdehyde content and H_(2)O_(2) generation),liver function tests(ALT,AST,and ALP),markers of renal function(creatinine and BUN),and decreased the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and podocin compared with rats exposed to CoCl_(2)toxicity without glycine treatment.Histopathology lesions including patchy tubular epithelial necrosis,tubular epithelial degeneration and periglomerular inflammation in renal tissues,and severe portal hepatocellular necrosis,inflammation,and duct hyperplasia were observed in hepatic tissues of rats exposed to CoCl_(2)toxicity,but were mild to absent in glycine-treated rats.Conclusion:The results of this study clearly demonstrate protective effects of glycine against CoCl_(2)-induced tissue injuries and derangement of physiological activities of the hepatic and renal systems in rats.The protective effects are mediated via augmentation of total antioxidant capacity and upregulation of NGAL and podocin expression.
文摘Groundwater is the water located beneath the earth＇s surface in the soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. As one of the most important natural resources, groundwater is associated with the environment, public health, welfare, and long-term economic growth, which affects the daily activities of human beings. In modern urban areas, the primary contaminants of groundwater are artificial products, such as gasoline and diesel. To protect this important water resource, a series of efforts have been exerted, including enforcement and remedial actions. Each year, the TGPC （Texas Groundwater Protection Committee） in US publishes a ＂Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report＂ to describe historic and new contamination cases in each county, which is an important data source for the design of prevention strategies. In this paper, a DDM （data dependent modeling） approach is proposed to predict county-level NCC （new contamination cases）. A case study with contamination information from Harris County in Texas was conducted to illustrate the modeling and prediction process with promising results. The one-step prediction error is 1.5%, while the two-step error is 12.1%. The established model can be used at the county-level, state-level, and even at the country-level. Besides, the prediction results could be a reference during decision-making processes.
文摘Asthma and allergies are considered by many physicians as being triggered by different substances in the air that people breathe. The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. Acute effects, however, may also include non-respiratory signs and symptoms, which may depend upon toxicological characteristics of the substances and host-related factors. The studying of indoor air quality can provide a method for appropriate remedial action. Research suggests that SHD （Settled House Dust） may be a significant source for indoor exposure to different substances. This research study consisted of sampling dust from homes in different area codes. The dust samples were collected from August 2006 thru March 2007 and analyzed using GC/MS （Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry）. The purpose of this research study will display how sampling household dust is a powerful tool for identifying chemicals that contribute to poor indoor air quality.
