Plant-based dietary patterns and risk of esophageal cancer:A prospective cohort study spanning 17 years

Objective: Plant-based diets have multiple health benefits for cancers;however, little is known about the association between plant-based dietary patterns and esophageal cancer(EC).This study presents an investigation of the prospective associations among three predefined indices of plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of EC.Methods: We performed endoscopic screening for 15,709 participants aged 40-69 years from two high-risk areas of China from January 2005 to December 2009 and followed the cohort until December 31, 2022. The overall plant-based diet index(PDI), healthful plant-based diet index(h PDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index(u PDI), were calculated using survey responses to assess dietary patterns. We applied Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate the multivariable hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) of EC across 3plant-based diet indices and further stratified the analysis by subgroups.Results: The final study sample included 15,184 participants in the cohort. During a follow-up of 219,365person-years, 176 patients with EC were identified. When the highest quartile was compared with the lowest quartile, the pooled multivariable-adjusted HR of EC was 0.50(95% CI, 0.32-0.77) for h PDI. In addition, the HR per 10-point increase in the h PDI score was 0.42(95% CI, 0.27-0.66) for ECs. Conversely, u PDI was positively associated with the risk of EC, and the HR was 1.80(95% CI, 1.16-2.82). The HR per 10-point increase in the u PDI score was 1.90(95% CI, 1.26-2.88) for ECs. The associations between these scores and the risk of EC were consistent in most subgroups. These results remained robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: A healthy plant-based dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of EC. Emphasizing the healthiness and quality of plant-based diets may be important for preventing the development of EC.

Development of diabetic complications and influencing factors among 32653 type 2 diabetes patients:retrospective cohort study using a multi-state Markov

Background:Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for developing multiple chronic complications.However,there is a lack of studies of the cumulative number of diabetic complications in China.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed from 2009 to 2021.Type 2 diabetes patients who were first diagnosed after the age of 35 years between January 1,2009,and December 31,2017,were included.Five states were defined according to the number of chronic complications:no(S0),one(S1),two(S2),three(S3),and four or more complications(S4).A multi-state Markov model was constructed to estimate transition probability,transition intensity,mean sojourn time,and the possible factors for each state.Results:The study included 32653 type 2 diabetes patients(mean age,59.59 years;15929(48.8%)male),and mean follow-up time of 7.75 years.In all,4375 transitions were observed.The 12-year transition probability of from state S0 to S1 was the lowest at 16.4%,while that from S2 to S3 was the highest,at 45.6%.Higher fasting blood glucose,lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,higher total cholesterol,and an unhealthy diet were associated with higher risk of progression from S0 to S1.Being female,less than 60 years old,weekly physical activity,and vegetarian diet decreased this risk.Being female and less than 60 years old reduced the likelihood of transition from S1 to S2,whereas lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased this likelihood.Conclusions:Following the occurrence of two complications in type 2 diabetes patients,the risk for accumulating a third complication within a short time is significantly increased.It is important to take advantage of the stable window period when patients have fewer than two complications,strengthen the monitoring of blood glucose and blood lipids,and encourage patients to maintain good living habits to prevent further deterioration.

Changing trends of disease burden of gastric cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions:Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study

Objective:China is one of the countries with the heaviest burden of gastric cancer(GC)in the world.Understanding the epidemiological trends and patterns of GC in China can contribute to formulating effective prevention strategies.Methods:The data on incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)of GC in China from1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study(2019).The estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends of disease burden of GC,and the package Nordpred in the R program was used to perform an age-period-cohort analysis to predict the numbers and rates of incidence and mortality in the next 25 years.Results:The number of incident cases of GC increased from 317.34 thousand in 1990 to 612.82 thousand in2019,while the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of GC decreased from 37.56 per 100,000 in 1990 to 30.64 per 100,000 in 2019,with an EAPC of-0.41[95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.77,-0.06].Pronounced temporal trends in mortality and DALYs of GC were observed.In the next 25 years,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths are expected to increase to 738.79 thousand and 454.80 thousand,respectively,while the rates of incidence and deaths should steadily decrease.The deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking were different for males and females.Conclusions:In China,despite the fact that the rates of GC have decreased during the past three decades,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths increased,and will continue to increase in the next 25 years.Additional strategies are needed to reduce the burden of GC,such as screening and early detection,novel treatments,and the prevention of risk factors.

Feasibility of endoscopic treatment and predictors of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been routinely performed in applicable early gastric cancer (EGC) patients as an alternative to conventional surgical operations that involve lymph node dissection. The indications for ESD have been recently expanded to include larger, ulcerated, and undifferentiated mucosal lesions, and differentiated lesions with slight submucosal invasion. The risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the most important consideration when deciding on a treatment strategy for EGC. Despite the advantages over surgical procedures, lymph nodes cannot be removed by ESD. In addition, whether patients who meet the expanded indications for ESD can be managed safely remains controversial. AIM To determine whether the ESD indications are applicable to Chinese patients and to investigate the predictors of LNM in EGC. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 12552 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between June 2007 and December 2018 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. A total of 1262 (10.1%) EGC patients were eligible for inclusion in this study. Data on the patients’ clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological characteristics were collected. The absolute and expanded indications for ESD were validated by regrouping the enrolled patients and determining the positive LNM results in each subgroup. Predictors of LNM in patients were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS LNM was observed in 182 (14.4%) patients. No LNM was detected in the patients who met the absolute indications (0/90). LNM occurred in 4/311 (1.3%) patients who met the expanded indications. According to univariate analysis, LNM was significantly associated with positive tumor marker status, medium (20-30 mm) and large (>30 mm) lesion sizes, excavated macroscopic-type tumors, ulcer presence, submucosal invasion (SM1 and SM2), poor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion, and diffuse and mixed Lauren’s types. Multivariate analysis demonstrated SM1 invasion (odds ration [OR]= 2.285, P = 0.03), SM2 invasion (OR = 3.230, P < 0.001), LVI (OR = 15.702, P < 0.001), mucinous adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.823, P = 0.015), and large lesion size (OR = 1.900, P = 0.006) to be independent risk factors. CONCLUSION The absolute indications for ESD are reasonable, and the feasibility of expanding the indications for ESD requires further investigation. The predictors of LNM include invasion depth, LVI, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and lesion size.

Performance of common imaging techniques vs serum biomarkers in assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Noninvasive biomarkers have been developed to predict hepatitis B virus(HBV)related fibrosis owing to the significant limitations of liver biopsy.Both serum biomarkers and imaging techniques have shown promising results and may improve the evaluation of liver fibrosis.However,most of the previous studies focused on the diagnostic effects of various imaging techniques on fibrosis in all chronic liver diseases.AIM To compare the performance of common imaging methods and serum biomarkers for prediction of significant fibrosis caused only by HBV infection.METHODS A systematic review was conducted on the records available in PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library electronic databases until December 2018.We systematically assessed the effectiveness of two serum biomarkers and three imagine techniques in predicting significant fibrosis solely caused by HBV infection.The serum biomarkers included aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis index based on the 4 factors(FIB-4).The three imaging techniques included acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI),FibroScan,and magnetic resonance elastography(MRE).Three parameters,the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUSROC),the summary diagnostic odds ratio,and the summary sensitivity and specificity,were used to examine the accuracy of all tests for liver fibrosis.RESULTS Out of 2831 articles evaluated for eligibility,204 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for this current meta-analysis.Eventually,our final data contained 81 studies.The AUSROCs of serum biomarkers of APRI and FIB-4 were both 0.75.For imaging techniques(ARFI,FibroScan,and MRE),the areas were 0.89,0.83,and 0.97,respectively.The heterogeneities of ARFI and FibroScan were statistically significant(I2>50%).The publication bias was not observed in any of the serum biomarkers or imaging methods.CONCLUSION These five methods have attained an acceptable level of diagnostic accuracy.Imaging techniques,MRE in particular,demonstrate significant advantages in accurately predicting HBV-related significant fibrosis,while serum biomarkers are admissible methods.

Tripartite motif.containing 3(TRIM3)inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of liver cancer

Background:Reduced expression of tripartite motif-containing 3(TRIM3) has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of human glioblastoma.In our previous research,we found that TRIM3 expression was markedly reduced in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and that low TRIM3 expression was associated with short survival of HCC patients.However,the role of TRIM3 in liver cancer remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the function of TRIM3 in liver cancer cells.Methods:The protein levels of TRIM3 in five liver cancer cell lines(SK-Hep1,Hep3 B,Huh7,HepG2,Bel-7402) and one normal liver cell line(L02) were detected with Western blotting.HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with low TRIM3 expression were infected with recombinant lentiviruses overexpressing TRIM3(LV-TRIM3),whereas Huh7 and Hep3 B cells with high TRIM3 expression were transfected with TRIM3-targeted small interfering RNA(siTRIM3).The functions of TRIM3 in the proliferation,colony formation,cell cycle,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of the above cell lines were examined.The effect ofTRIM3 on tumor growth and metastases in nude mice was also investigated.Results:TRIM3 was overexpressed in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with LV-TRIM3 infection,which further reduced proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion of both cell lines.Cell cycle analysis showed that TRIM3 overexpression induced G_0/G_1 phase arrest in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells.Moreover,apoptosis was not increased in HepG2 or Bel-7402 cells overexpressing TRIM3.Contrarily,silencing TRIM3 expression in Huh7 and Hep3 B cells by siTRIM3 led to significantly decreased percentages of both cells in the G_0/G_1 phase and promoted cell proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion.In vivo experiment results confirmed that TRIM3 overexpression suppressed tumor growth and metastasis.Conclusions:TRIM3 plays a tumor-suppressing role in the regulation of liver cancer development by reducing cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest at the G_0/G_1 phase.

Altered profiles of fecal metabolites correlate with visceral hypersensitivity and may contribute to symptom severity of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

BACKGROUND Fecal metabolites are associated with gut visceral sensitivity,mucosal immune function and intestinal barrier function,all of which have critical roles in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).However,the metabolic profile and pathophysiology of IBS are still unclear.We hypothesized that altered profiles of fecal metabolites might be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS with predominant diarrhea(IBS-D).AIM To investigate the fecal metabolite composition and the role of metabolites in IBSD pathophysiology.METHODS Thirty IBS-D patients and 15 age-and sex-matched healthy controls(HCs)underwent clinical and psychological assessments,including the IBS Symptom Severity System(IBS-SSS),an Italian modified version of the Bowel Disease Questionnaire,the Bristol Stool Form Scale(BSFS),the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and the Visceral Sensitivity Index.Visceral sensitivity to rectal distension was tested using high-resolution manometry system by the same investigator.Fecal metabolites,including amino acids and organic acids,were measured by targeted metabolomics approaches.Correlation analyses between these parameters were performed.RESULTS The patients presented with increased stool water content,more psychological symptoms and increased visceral hypersensitivity compared with the controls.In fecal metabolites,His[IBS-D:0.0642(0.0388,0.1484),HC:0.2636(0.0780,0.3966),P=0.012],Ala[IBS-D:0.5095(0.2826,0.9183),HC:1.0118(0.6135,1.4335),P=0.041],Tyr[IBS-D:0.1024(0.0173,0.4527),HC:0.5665(0.2436,1.3447),P=0.018],Phe[IBS-D:0.1511(0.0775,0.3248),HC:0.3967(0.1388,0.7550),P=0.028],and Trp[IBS-D:0.0323(0.0001,0.0826),HC:0.0834(0.0170,0.1759),P=0.046]were decreased in IBS-D patients,but isohexanoate[IBS-D:0.0127(0.0060,0.0246),HC:0.0070(0.0023,0.0106),P=0.028]was significantly increased.Only Tyr was mildly correlated with BSFS scores in all subjects(r=-0.347,P=0.019).A possible potential biomarker panel was identified to correlate with IBS-SSS score(R2 Adjusted=0.693,P<0.001).In this regression model,the levels of Tyr,Val,hexanoate,fumarate,and pyruvate were significantly associated with the symptom severity of IBS-D.Furthermore,visceral sensation,including abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity,was correlated with isovalerate,valerate and isohexanoate.CONCLUSION Altered profiles of fecal metabolites may be one of the origins or exacerbating factors of symptoms in IBS-D via increasing visceral sensitivity.

Clinicopathological features and survival analysis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a retrospective study in a single center of China

Objective： To investigate the clinicopathological features, survival and prognostic factors for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms（GEP-NENs） in a Chinese population.Methods： We investigated 154 consecutive patients（88 males, 66 females; median age 56 years, age range 9-86 years） diagnosed with GEP-NENs between 2001 and 2013 at The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Demographic, clinical and pathological variables and survival data were retrieved.Results： The pancreas was the most common site of involvement（63/154, 40.9%）. Tumor size varied from 0.3 to 16.0 cm（median, 1.2 cm）. The patients were followed up for a median period of 22 months（range, 1-157 months）. The estimated 3- and 5-year overall survival（OS） rates for all patients were 84.0% and 81.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size, lymphatic metastases and distant metastases were significant predictors for poor survival outcome.Conclusions： Our data provide further information on the clinicopathological features of GEP-NENs in China. Additionally, we identified tumor size, lymphatic metastases and distant metastases as independent prognostic factors for long-term survival.

Nerve Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Retrospective Analysis of 63 Patients with Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Aim To detect the expression of nerve growth factor （NGF） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma （SACC） tissues, as well as to determine the correlation between growth factor expression and prognosis in SACC. Methodology Medical records of 63 patients surgically treated for SACC between January 1988 and October 2005 were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of NGF and VEGF in tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox＇s proportional hazard regression model were applied to assess predictors of survival. Results NGF and VEGF were overexpressed in SACC tissues, compared with those in normal salivary tissues （P〈0.05）, and the staining intensity of these two factors was stronger in groups of solid subtype, advanced TNM stage, perineural invasion and recurrence. Patients with high- expression of NGF and VEGF, solid subtype, advanced stage, perineural invasion, recurrence and extended resection alone had worse survival rates （P〈0.05）. Conclusion NGF and VEGF are expressed increasingly in the tissues of SACC cases with invasion and metastasis. NGF expression and VEGF expression are independent prognosis factors for survival.

Effects of nutritional and psychological status in gastrointestinal cancer patients on tolerance of treatment

AIM: To assess the effects of poor nutritional and psychological status on tolerance of cancer treatment and the recovery of physical performance status in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS: An epidemiological survey with respect to nutritional and psychological status in patients with gastrointestinal cancer was conducted among 182 operated patients in four provincial-level hospitals from December 2005 to June 2006. The food frequency survey method, state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and depression status inventory (DSI) were used to obtain information about the diet and psychological status in the patients. Nutritional status in the participants was reflected by serum albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (HB) and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Alb, protein intake and anxiety were associated with the severity of side effects of treatment. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for Alb, protein intake and anxiety was 3.30 (95% CI: 1.08, 10.10, P = 0.03), 3.25 (95% CI: 1.06, 9.90, P = 0.04) and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.70, P < 0.0001), respectively. Moreover, calorie intake, HB and depression were associated with the recovery of physical performance status in the patients. Adjusted relative risk was 2.12 (95% CI: 1.09, 4.03, P = 0.028), 2.05 (95% CI: 1.08, 3.88, P =0.026) and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12, P = 0.007), respectively. CONCLUSION: Both poor nutrition status and psychological status are independent risk factors for severe side effects of cancer treatment, and have impact on the recovery of physical performance status in patients after treatment.

Independent and combined effects of environmental factors and miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 on the risk of coronary heart disease

Objective To evaluate the effects of environmental factors and microRNAs （miRNAs） （miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145） on the risk of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods A frequency-matched case-control study （450 patients, 450 controls） was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016 in Fuzhou City, China. Environmental factors were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, and the expression levels of miR-126, rniR-143, and miR-145 were determined by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） in pe- ripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical evaluation. Results Alcohol consumption, high-salt diets, high-intensity work, and lack of physical activity were significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. MiR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 were highly expressed in the CHD group compared with the control group. After adjustment for other environmental factors, unconditional logistic regression results revealed that miR-126, miR-143, and depression were the independent risk factors of CHD, and light diet was the independent protective factor of CHD. Conclusions Our data suggest that a family history of CHD, anxiety, and alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. Furthermore, miR-126 and miR-143 in combination with several risk factors, could play a joint role in the development of CHD. Therefore, it is necessary to manage patients with CHD in all directions and multiple level.

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Integrated Intervention Program in Improving Drug Addicts' Psychological Health

Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center; evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts＇ psychological health. Methods The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted. Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse. The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge. Results The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts＇ psychological health： before the intervention, the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales （CPSS） had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, except that the SCSQ＇s positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group, other indices in the intervention group were lower. Before and after the intervention, the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population; there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above. Conclusion Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts＇ social mental factors. The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress, reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style. In conclusion, the program can promote addicts＇ psychological health significantly.

Assessment of the relationship between resilience and quality of life in patients with digestive cancer

AIM: To study the relationship between resilience and quality of life (QOL) in patients with digestive cancer.

The Status and Associated Factors of Successful Aging among Older Adults Residing in Longevity Areas in China

Objective This study aims to assess the status of successful aging （SA） in longevity areas in China and explore multiple factors associated with SA among the young-old and oldest-old. Methods A total of 2296 elderly people aged 65 and older were interviewed in the longevity areas sub-sample of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS） in 2012. Baseline assessments included a researcher-administered questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory testing. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with SA. Results The prevalence of SA was 38.81% in the CLHLS in 2012. There were significant differences between ages groups, with SA compromising 56.85% among _〉65 years group and 20.31% among 〉100 years group （X2trend=126.73, P〈O.01）. The prevalence of SA among females was 33.59%, which was significantly lower than that among males （45.58%） （X2gender=33.65, P〈0.05）. In the regression analysis, having anemia ~OR=0.744, 95% CI： 0.609-0.910）, poor lifestyle （OR=0.697, 95% CI： 0.568-0.854）, poor sleep quality （OR=0.558, 95% CI： 0.456-0.682）, and central obesity （OR=0.684, 95% CI： 0.556-0.841） were the main factors associated with SA. The promoting SA rate decreased as age increased, and the group of 65-79 years had higher odds than the other age group. Conclusion Preventing central obesity, improving sleep quality and promoting healthy lifestyle may contribute to achieve SA among the elderly.

Adiponectin gene polymorphisms and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Adiponectin(ADIPOQ) is an important factor involved in the regulation of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene are known to influence an individual's predisposition to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Several studies have been conducted previously to assess the association between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and GDM; however, the results of the association are inconclusive.AIM To quantitatively evaluate the association between ADIPOQ +45 T/G, +276 G/T,and-11377 C/G polymorphisms and the risk of GDM.METHODS A systematic search of EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, and WANFANG DATA was conducted up to October 20, 2018. We calculated merged odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) using a fixed-effects or random-effects model depending on the between-study heterogeneity to evaluate the association between AIDPOQ +45 T/G, +276 G/T, and-11377 C/G polymorphisms and the risk of GDM. Subgroup analysis was performed by ethnicity. Publication and sensitivity bias analyses were performed to test the robustness of the association. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 12.0.RESULTS Nine studies of +45 T/G included 1024 GDM cases and 1059 controls, five studies of +276 G/T included 590 GDM cases and 595 controls, and five studies of-11377 C/G included 722 GDM cases and 791 controls. Pooled ORs indicated that+45 T/G increased GDM risk in Asians(allelic model: OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.27-1.70,P = 0.000; dominant model: OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.27-1.85, P = 0.000; recessive model: OR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.43-2.85, P = 0.000), not in South Americans(allelic model: OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.68-2.41, P = 0.510; dominant model: OR = 1.13, 95%CI:,0.59-2.15, P = 0.710; recessive model: OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 0.43-11.07, P = 0.350).There were no significant associations between +276 G/T(allelic model: OR = 0.88,95%CI: 0.74-1.05, P = 0.158; dominant model: OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.65-1.26, P =0.561; recessive model: OR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.64-1.05, P = 0.118) or-11377 C/G(allelic model: OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.72-1.26, P = 0.750; dominant model: OR = 1.00,95%CI: 0.73-1.37, P = 0.980; recessive model: OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.61-1.32, P =0.570) and the risk of GDM.CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows the critical role of the ADIPOQ +45 T/G polymorphism in GDM, especially in Asians. Studies focused on delineating ethnicity-specific factors with larger sample sizes are needed.

Diagnostic value of interleukin-8 in colorectal cancer:A case-control study and meta-analysis

AIM: To assess the diagnostic value of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Factors influencing the diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis among urologists in China

Aim. To identify the factors influencing diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis （CP） among Chinese urologists. Methods： A sample of 656 urologists from 29 provinces of China were asked to complete a questionnaire that explored attitudes towards CP as well as diagnosis and treatment patterns in the management of CP. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis schemes were used to determine the factors that influence the diagnosis and treatment of CP. Results： A total of 656 questionnaires were given out. All were returned and 410 of those were included in the final univariate and multivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that belief of bacterial infection in the etiology of CP （odds ratio [OR], 2.544; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.650-3.923; P 〈 0.001） was the most significant factor influencing the routine performance of bacterial culture test. Using the same model, the type of hospital （OR, 2.799; 95% CI, 1.719-4.559; P 〈 0.001） and the routine use of the 4- or the 2-glass test （OR, 3.194; 95% CI, 2.069-4.931; P 〈 0.001） were determined to be significant factors influencing the use of the National Institutes of Health （NIH） new classification system. According to the same model, belief of bacterial infection in the etiology of CP （OR, 3.415; 95% CI, 2.024-5.762; P 〈 0.001） and the routine use of bacterial culture test （OR, 2.261; 95% CI, 1.364-3.749; P 〈 0.01） were important factors influencing the routine prescription of antibiotics. Conclusion： Our findings suggest that attitudes towards CP, and the characteristics of individual urologists＇ practices may influence the diagnosis and treatment of CP among Chinese urologists.

Association of β3 Adrenergic Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma 2 Polymorphisms With Insulin Sensitivity:A Twin Study

Objective To study the effect of β3 adrenergic receptor （β3AR） Trp64Arg and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 （PPAR72） Prol2Ala polymorphisms on insulin resistance. Methods One hundred and eight dizygotic twin pairs were enrolled in this study. Microsatellite polymorphism was used to diagnose zygosity of twins. Insulin sensitivity was estimated with logarithm transformed homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the variants. As a supplement to the sib-pair method, identity by state （IBS） was used to analyze the association of polymorphisms with insulin sensitivity. Results The genotype frequencies of Trp64Trg, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg were 72.3%, 23.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, while the genotype frequencies of Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala were 89.9%, 9.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. For β3AR Trp64Arg the interclass co-twin correlations of Waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）, blood glucose （GLU）, and insulin （INS）, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） of the twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS were greater than those sharing 0-1 allele of IBS, and HOMA4R had statistic significance. For PPAR3t2 Prol2Ala most traits of twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS had greater correlations and statistic significance in body mass index （BMI）, WHR, percent of body fat （PBF） and GLU, but there were low correlations of either insulin or HOMA-IR of twin pairs sharing 1 or 2 alleles of IBS. The combined effects of the two variations showed less squared significant twin-pair differences of INS and HOMA-IR among twins sharing 4 alleles of IBS. Condusions β3AR Trp64Arg and PPAR）,2 Pro 12Ala polymorphisms might be associated with insulin resistance and obesity, and there might be slight synergistic effects between this two gene loci, and further studies are necessary to confirm this finding.

Association of the ADIPOQ Rs2241766 and Rs266729 Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Population:A Meta-analysis

Objective This meta-analysis was performed to summarize the association of the ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs266729 polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome（MS） in the Chinese population.Methods We searched for articles in MEDLINE via PubM ed,EMBASE,HuG E Navigator,CNKI,and Wanfang databases and calculated odds ratios（ORs） with 95% confidence intervals（CIs） to determine the strength of associations in fixed-or random-effects models.Results We included 21 articles in the meta-analysis：17 reports of ADIPOQ rs2241766 with 3628 cases and 3000 controls and 8 of rs266729 with 2021 cases and 2226 controls.We found an increased risk of MS with the ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism in some genetic models（allele model：OR=1.12,95% CI：1.03-1.21;dominant model：OR=1.15,95% CI：1.04-1.28;homozygote model：OR=1.22,95% CI：1.00-1.49） but no association with the ADIPOQ rs266729 polymorphism（allele model：OR=0.98,95% CI：0.82-1.17;dominant model：OR=0.90,95% CI：0.79-1.02;recessive model：OR=1.09,95% CI：0.85-1.39;homozygote model：OR=1.03,95% CI：0.80-1.33）.Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest an association between the ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism and MS in the Chinese population.G allele of ADIPOQ rs2241766 increases the risk of MS.Better designed studies with different ethnic populations and larger sample sizes are needed for assessing the relationship between ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs266729 polymorphisms and MS in the future.

Investigation of Direct Causes of Drug Relapse and Abstainers’ Demands in a Compulsive Detoxification Center in Wuhan City of China

Objective To identify the direct causes of drug relapse and abstainers’ demand, and to develop programs for the prevention of drug relapse. Methods Abstainers in a Compulsive Detoxification Center in Wuhan City, capital of Hubei Province were randomly selected. An investigation on the direct causes of drug relapse and abstainers’ demands was conducted with multiple-choice questionnaires and face to face interviews. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Results The direct causes leading to drug relapse included： temptation to use drug again by themselves or by their drug mates, seeking pleasure and ecstasy from drug use, relatively well off living, mental stress, irritation, demoralization, family conflicts, unemployment, feeling distrusted by the family, lack of care and love from the family, and discrimination by others. abstainers’ demands after detoxification and returning to the society included： care and support from the family, employment assistance, changing living environment, understanding by others, support from the society, and keeping far away from drugs. Conclusions Environmental factors are the direct causes of drug relapse, and negative irritation is its predisposing causes. Leaving former residence, more care and help given by both the family and the society and raising their overall quality of life are the demands of abstainers.