Implementation and assessment of diverse strategies for physical activity promotion in Vietnam--A case report

Background: Regular physical activity(PA) has documented effects in prevention and treatment of many non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Physical inactivity is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor for premature death, worldwide. Despite these facts, physical inactivity is increasing,not only in high-income, but also in middle-and low-income countries. To address this negative trend, evidence-based methods to increase PA are needed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and assessment of 4 strategies designed to increase PA in Vietnam.Methods: Four strategies were used: i) introduction and evaluation of an education and training program on the Swedish method of Physical Activity on Prescription(PAP) among health care professionals, ii) translation of the PAP evidence-based handbook, Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease(called FYSS in Swedish) into Vietnamese, iii) launch of a mass-media campaign to promote PA, and iv)advocacy to support development of PA guidelines in Vietnam.Results: The evaluation indicated that the participating health care professionals had a positive attitude to PAP. However, they also reported uncertainty in prescribing PA. FYSS was translated and disseminated successfully to health care professionals. A mass-media campaign identified the beneficial effects of PA to health care professionals, journalists, policy makers, and the public. Last, the process of developing national guidelines on PA was initiated.Conclusion: This project led to enhanced awareness and appreciation of PA in the prevention and treatment of NCDs among health care professionals as well as initiation of national PA guidelines. Important lessons also were learned in the presentation of PAP, which will be considered when designing similar projects in the future.

Ethical review of off-label drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic

High-quality scientific research is very important in attempting to effectively control the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and ensure people’s health and safety.Chloroquine(CQ)and hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)have received much attention.This article comprehensively investigates the ethical review of off-label CQ and HCQ research during the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to strictly abiding by review standards,improving review efficiency,ensuring the rights and interests of subjects and that ethics committees conduct independent reviews,and achieving full ethics supervision of research conducted during an emergency.Research must be both rigorous and prudent to ensure the best outcome,with the maximization of benefits as the core principle.Standardization of the application,implementation and ethical review processes are needed to prevent unnecessary risk.

Present Status of Clinical Decision Support System （CDSS） and Proposal of Ethical Guideline for Artificial Intelligence Development in Medical Field

This paper is looking at the trends of future medicine focusing on IBM Watson, Microsoft Intelligent Network for Eye care （MINE）, and Google’s AI Eye Doctor. Microsoft’s Mine, an artificial intelligence assistant program, and Google’s Eye Doctor, were created because of the two characteristics of eye disease. The disease of the eye significantly reduces the quality of human life, but it can be prevented if the illness is discovered in advance. Therefore, prevention of these diseases is important. Through the development of the Google eye Doctor Program shown in the article of “Retinopathy Algorithm”, we obtained the implications for the ethical guidelines that can be applied to other artificial intelligence development programs. At the heart of these guidelines is the efficient and safe treatment of patient illnesses for medical purposes.

Fear versus Taste for the Apnea at the Schelling-Point Game in the Swimming Pool

We studied a pure coordination game in which swimmers had to agree on the distance that they would swim underwater up a line after diving into a swimming pool. The swimmers were not able to communicate with each other. To win the game, the swimmer had to surface at exactly the same point as his partner. This pure coordination game was played by 81 swimmers, 43 of whom then put their decisions into practice in a 25-metre pool. The results revealed the presence of two Schelling points. One point （at 12.5 metres） was that predicted by theory and corresponded to half the maximum possible distance. The other Schelling point （at 25 metres） was practical in nature and reflected a taste for underwater swimming--even though performance （in terms of the distance swum underwater） was not relevant in this game. The results show that swimmers underestimate their water competence when they are not subjected to a competitive challenge.

Librealism's Boundaries in Addressing the Climate Crisis:Insights from Domenico Losurdo and Posthumanism

This study critically examines the limitations of liberalism in effectively addressing the climate crisis,informed by Domenico Losurdo's critique and the lens of posthumanism.It illuminates the core liberal focus on individual rights and autonomy,which stands in stark contrast with the collective,interconnected nature of global environmental challenges.Through a detailed engagement with Losurdo's analytical framework and posthumanist philosophy,the paper argues for a fundamental shift within liberal thought.This involves the incorporation of a robust environmental ethic and a commitment to global justice to reconcile the intrinsic values of liberalism with the urgent demands of environmental sustainability and collective action.The proposed reconfigured liberal philosophy seeks to combine its traditional strengths with a renewed focus on collective well-being,offering a more comprehensive and effective strategy for confronting the existential threat of the climate crisis.This study argues that such a reimagined liberal approach not only enhances its relevance in the face of global environmental challenges but also serves as a viable pathway toward promoting a more just and sustainable future.