Background and Objectives:The cases of apparent natural deaths are encountered in the hospital casualties who are noted dead at the time of the first medical attention and as such are labeled as“Brought Dead.”These ...Background and Objectives:The cases of apparent natural deaths are encountered in the hospital casualties who are noted dead at the time of the first medical attention and as such are labeled as“Brought Dead.”These include the cases of sudden death,unexplained death,and unattended death.The cause of such deaths is reported in the literature to emanate principally from the cardiovascular system,though there are some documented geographical,racial,and other variations.In the present study,we endeavored to detect the cause of such natural deaths in terms of the disease and the organ system involved,in the deceased individuals of the contemporary Bengali population,with cases due to obvious unnatural causes being excluded.Materials and Methods:An observational,cross-sectional study with 105(n=105,male:89,female:16)study subjects of age group of 20-80 years,selected by systemic random sampling,from the brought dead subjects coming to the mortuary of the NRS Medical College and Hospital for medicolegal autopsy from April 2011 to March 2012,excluding cases having a history of the obvious unnatural event.Organ system-wise gross examination was done,followed by tissue sampling for histopathological examination.The case-wise findings were tabulated and analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS software.Results:In the present study,89 cases were male(84.8%)and 16 cases were female(15.2%),which reflects a male:female ratio of 5.56:1.The dead bodies are mostly recovered from the footpaths(47 cases,44%).Sixty-four(61%)cases are of known identity.In 54 cases out of 105(51.4%),morbid pathology is detected in the respiratory system(RS),lobar pneumonia,and cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis being the most frequent disease entity,in both genders.Fifty-one years-sixty-five years is found to be the most commonly affected age group,in both genders.Interpretation and Conclusions:The present study shows that the most common organ system involved in brought dead cases is the RS,which is supported by a few Indian studies.展开更多
Radiological methods have been used to assess the ossification stages of bones to estimate age and sex,but studies using the growth stages of organs such as the liver for identification purposes have not yet been perf...Radiological methods have been used to assess the ossification stages of bones to estimate age and sex,but studies using the growth stages of organs such as the liver for identification purposes have not yet been performed.Liver weight increases with age,reaching a maximum between 41 and 50 years in men and between 51 and 60 years in women.Thereafter,above the age of 50 years,the liver weight decreases again,and the differences in liver weight between men and women are lost.For this reason,we have conducted this study in a population aged between 10 and 40 years.In this study,we attempted to find correlations between liver dimensions(from magnetic resonance imaging[MRI]images)and age and sex in an eastern Indian(Bengali)population.MRI images showing the liver were acquired from people aged between 10 and 40 years visiting the MRI Centre of Calcutta National Medical College.Liver MRI was acquired from 104 people.Chi‑square tests showed a significant correlation between age and the mid hepatic point anteroposterior(MHP AP)dimension.However,there was no such significant correlation between age and maximum craniocaudal(Max CC)dimension or between age and maximum transverse dimension.The following discriminant function equation was derived(Df)=0.04 MHP AP+0.006 Max CC+0.031 Max transverse−11.873(Constant).Using this formula,60.6%of the original grouped cases from the Eastern Indian Bengali population would be correctly classified.From the forensic point of view,the dimensions of the liver may be of the value of corroborating age and sex in doubtful cases in living individuals,aged between 10 and 40 years.展开更多
In forensic anthropology,the pelvis is the most reliable indicator of sex,followed by the skull,with several studies having used the morphometry of the orbital aperture of dry skulls to estimate sex.However,age,sex,an...In forensic anthropology,the pelvis is the most reliable indicator of sex,followed by the skull,with several studies having used the morphometry of the orbital aperture of dry skulls to estimate sex.However,age,sex,ancestry,and evolutionary periods cause variations in orbital characteristics.In this study,we analyzed measurements of orbital fossa from adult human craniums and employed discriminant function analysis to establish a model to predict sex.A manual Vernier caliper was used to obtain measurements of the left and right orbital fossa.On comparing the measurements(including mean,minimum,and maximum),we found that all the dimensions were greater in males than in females.Wilks’lambda for the sex-discriminating model was 0.533,signifying a moderate discriminating power.The discriminant function equation was:df=−10.274×right orbit width+13.44×left orbit width−7.982×right orbit height+7.694×left orbit height−12.234(constant).The cutoff point was(90.567−[−1.512])/2=1.0395.Therefore,above this value of 1.0395,cases were predicted to be male,while below it,they were predicted to be female.Orbital aperture measurements can play an important role in estimating sex from dry craniums.Orbital measurements could be a useful adjunctive test for sex estimation in forensic practice.展开更多
文摘Background and Objectives:The cases of apparent natural deaths are encountered in the hospital casualties who are noted dead at the time of the first medical attention and as such are labeled as“Brought Dead.”These include the cases of sudden death,unexplained death,and unattended death.The cause of such deaths is reported in the literature to emanate principally from the cardiovascular system,though there are some documented geographical,racial,and other variations.In the present study,we endeavored to detect the cause of such natural deaths in terms of the disease and the organ system involved,in the deceased individuals of the contemporary Bengali population,with cases due to obvious unnatural causes being excluded.Materials and Methods:An observational,cross-sectional study with 105(n=105,male:89,female:16)study subjects of age group of 20-80 years,selected by systemic random sampling,from the brought dead subjects coming to the mortuary of the NRS Medical College and Hospital for medicolegal autopsy from April 2011 to March 2012,excluding cases having a history of the obvious unnatural event.Organ system-wise gross examination was done,followed by tissue sampling for histopathological examination.The case-wise findings were tabulated and analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS software.Results:In the present study,89 cases were male(84.8%)and 16 cases were female(15.2%),which reflects a male:female ratio of 5.56:1.The dead bodies are mostly recovered from the footpaths(47 cases,44%).Sixty-four(61%)cases are of known identity.In 54 cases out of 105(51.4%),morbid pathology is detected in the respiratory system(RS),lobar pneumonia,and cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis being the most frequent disease entity,in both genders.Fifty-one years-sixty-five years is found to be the most commonly affected age group,in both genders.Interpretation and Conclusions:The present study shows that the most common organ system involved in brought dead cases is the RS,which is supported by a few Indian studies.
文摘Radiological methods have been used to assess the ossification stages of bones to estimate age and sex,but studies using the growth stages of organs such as the liver for identification purposes have not yet been performed.Liver weight increases with age,reaching a maximum between 41 and 50 years in men and between 51 and 60 years in women.Thereafter,above the age of 50 years,the liver weight decreases again,and the differences in liver weight between men and women are lost.For this reason,we have conducted this study in a population aged between 10 and 40 years.In this study,we attempted to find correlations between liver dimensions(from magnetic resonance imaging[MRI]images)and age and sex in an eastern Indian(Bengali)population.MRI images showing the liver were acquired from people aged between 10 and 40 years visiting the MRI Centre of Calcutta National Medical College.Liver MRI was acquired from 104 people.Chi‑square tests showed a significant correlation between age and the mid hepatic point anteroposterior(MHP AP)dimension.However,there was no such significant correlation between age and maximum craniocaudal(Max CC)dimension or between age and maximum transverse dimension.The following discriminant function equation was derived(Df)=0.04 MHP AP+0.006 Max CC+0.031 Max transverse−11.873(Constant).Using this formula,60.6%of the original grouped cases from the Eastern Indian Bengali population would be correctly classified.From the forensic point of view,the dimensions of the liver may be of the value of corroborating age and sex in doubtful cases in living individuals,aged between 10 and 40 years.
文摘In forensic anthropology,the pelvis is the most reliable indicator of sex,followed by the skull,with several studies having used the morphometry of the orbital aperture of dry skulls to estimate sex.However,age,sex,ancestry,and evolutionary periods cause variations in orbital characteristics.In this study,we analyzed measurements of orbital fossa from adult human craniums and employed discriminant function analysis to establish a model to predict sex.A manual Vernier caliper was used to obtain measurements of the left and right orbital fossa.On comparing the measurements(including mean,minimum,and maximum),we found that all the dimensions were greater in males than in females.Wilks’lambda for the sex-discriminating model was 0.533,signifying a moderate discriminating power.The discriminant function equation was:df=−10.274×right orbit width+13.44×left orbit width−7.982×right orbit height+7.694×left orbit height−12.234(constant).The cutoff point was(90.567−[−1.512])/2=1.0395.Therefore,above this value of 1.0395,cases were predicted to be male,while below it,they were predicted to be female.Orbital aperture measurements can play an important role in estimating sex from dry craniums.Orbital measurements could be a useful adjunctive test for sex estimation in forensic practice.
