In this study,2~5 （five factors at two-level factorial design） design of experiment was applied to investigate a set of optimal machining parameters to achieve a minimum surface roughness value for Abies nordmannian...In this study,2~5 （five factors at two-level factorial design） design of experiment was applied to investigate a set of optimal machining parameters to achieve a minimum surface roughness value for Abies nordmanniana.Wood specimens were prepared using different values of spindle speed,feed rate,depth of cut,tool radius,and cutting directions.Average surface roughness （R_z） values were applied using a stylus.The objectives were to：（1）obtain the effective variables of wood surface roughness;（2） analyze which of these factors had an impact on variability in the CNC machining process;（3） evaluate the optimal cutting values within the range of different cutting levels of machining parameters.The results indicate that the design of experiment（DOE） based on the desirability function approach determined the optimal machining parameters successfully,leading to minimum R_a compared to the observed value.Minimum surface roughness values of tangential and radial cutting directions were 3.58 and 3.21 μm,respectively.展开更多
Wood heat treatment has increased signifi- cantly in recent years and is still growing as an industrial process to improve some wood properties. We studied the change of swellingand surface roughness of common alder ...Wood heat treatment has increased signifi- cantly in recent years and is still growing as an industrial process to improve some wood properties. We studied the change of swellingand surface roughness of common alder （Alnus glutinosa （L.） Gaertn. ssp.glutinosa） and wych elm （Ulmus glabra Huds.） woods after heat treatment at two different temperatures and durations. The temperatures were 180 and 200 ℃ and the durations were 2 and 4 h. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface char- acteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber on the wood surface. Four main roughness parameters, mean arithmetic deviation of profile （Ra）, mean peak-to-valley height （Rz）, root mean square roughness （Rq）, and maximum roughness （Ry） were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. Swelling and surface roughness parameters （Ra, Rz, Ry, and Rq） differed significantly for two temper- atures and two durations of heat treatment. Swelling and surface roughness values decreased with increasing treat- ment temperature and treatment times.展开更多
Chemical extraction, bioremediation, and electrodialytic processes have been extensively studied for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate （CCA）. However, one prob...Chemical extraction, bioremediation, and electrodialytic processes have been extensively studied for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate （CCA）. However, one problem has not been addressed： the effects of wood species and retention levels on remediation efficiency. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of wood species and retention levels on removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood samples using sodium hypochlorite. Our results showed that sodium hypochlorite （NaOC1） was very effective for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-C treated milled wood samples for all three species used in this study. The Cu, Cr, and As extraction efficiencies for red pine were 95 % Cu, 97 % Cr and 94 % As, for maple were 95 % Cu, 97 % Cr, and 98 % As at 4.0 kg m-3 retention levels, and for aspen were 95 % Cu, 92% Cr, and 91% As at 9.6 kg m-3 retention level, respectively. However, the results showed that wood species and initial retention levels of CCA-treated wood products played very impor- tant roles in terms of removal of Cu, Cr, and As.展开更多
基金performed in the laboratuary of Istanbul University,Faculty of Forestry where the authors are employed at present
文摘In this study,2~5 （five factors at two-level factorial design） design of experiment was applied to investigate a set of optimal machining parameters to achieve a minimum surface roughness value for Abies nordmanniana.Wood specimens were prepared using different values of spindle speed,feed rate,depth of cut,tool radius,and cutting directions.Average surface roughness （R_z） values were applied using a stylus.The objectives were to：（1）obtain the effective variables of wood surface roughness;（2） analyze which of these factors had an impact on variability in the CNC machining process;（3） evaluate the optimal cutting values within the range of different cutting levels of machining parameters.The results indicate that the design of experiment（DOE） based on the desirability function approach determined the optimal machining parameters successfully,leading to minimum R_a compared to the observed value.Minimum surface roughness values of tangential and radial cutting directions were 3.58 and 3.21 μm,respectively.
文摘Wood heat treatment has increased signifi- cantly in recent years and is still growing as an industrial process to improve some wood properties. We studied the change of swellingand surface roughness of common alder （Alnus glutinosa （L.） Gaertn. ssp.glutinosa） and wych elm （Ulmus glabra Huds.） woods after heat treatment at two different temperatures and durations. The temperatures were 180 and 200 ℃ and the durations were 2 and 4 h. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface char- acteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber on the wood surface. Four main roughness parameters, mean arithmetic deviation of profile （Ra）, mean peak-to-valley height （Rz）, root mean square roughness （Rq）, and maximum roughness （Ry） were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. Swelling and surface roughness parameters （Ra, Rz, Ry, and Rq） differed significantly for two temper- atures and two durations of heat treatment. Swelling and surface roughness values decreased with increasing treat- ment temperature and treatment times.
文摘Chemical extraction, bioremediation, and electrodialytic processes have been extensively studied for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate （CCA）. However, one problem has not been addressed： the effects of wood species and retention levels on remediation efficiency. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of wood species and retention levels on removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood samples using sodium hypochlorite. Our results showed that sodium hypochlorite （NaOC1） was very effective for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-C treated milled wood samples for all three species used in this study. The Cu, Cr, and As extraction efficiencies for red pine were 95 % Cu, 97 % Cr and 94 % As, for maple were 95 % Cu, 97 % Cr, and 98 % As at 4.0 kg m-3 retention levels, and for aspen were 95 % Cu, 92% Cr, and 91% As at 9.6 kg m-3 retention level, respectively. However, the results showed that wood species and initial retention levels of CCA-treated wood products played very impor- tant roles in terms of removal of Cu, Cr, and As.
