Esophageo-tracheal fistula is a rare condition,and in most cases such fistulas are caused by malignant disease or emergency endotracheal intubation.A case where a wrapped tablet produced a fistula between the esophagu...Esophageo-tracheal fistula is a rare condition,and in most cases such fistulas are caused by malignant disease or emergency endotracheal intubation.A case where a wrapped tablet produced a fistula between the esophagus and trachea is described.The patient is a male born in 1938 who swallowed a tablet without unwrapping it.The patient was treated with selfexpanding metal stents(SEMS),but closure of the fistula was not achieved.Different examinations and treatment options are discussed.Surgical treatment for this condition has demonstrated considerable mortality and morbidity.In some cases closure of the fistula can be achieved by use of SEMS.Although we advise treatment of such cases with SEMS,in some cases treatment with stents will prove troublesome and the risk/benefit analysis will have to be reevaluated.展开更多
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders are serious health problems worldwide,and lead to various healthrelated complications,including cancer.Among human cancers,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most co...Obesity and its related metabolic disorders are serious health problems worldwide,and lead to various healthrelated complications,including cancer.Among human cancers,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies affected by obesity.Therefore,obesity and its related disorders might be a key target for the prevention of HCC.Recently,new research indicates that the molecular abnormalities associated with obesity,including insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia,chronic inflammation,adipokine imbalance,and oxidative stress,are possible molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesityrelated hepatocarcinogenesis.Green tea catechins and branched-chain amino acids,both of which are classified as nutraceutical agents,have been reported to prevent obesity-related HCC development by improving metabolic abnormalities.The administration of acyclic retinoid,a pharmaceutical agent,reduced the incidence of HCC in obese and diabetic mice,and was also associated with improvements in insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.In this article,we review the detailed molecular mechanisms that link obesity to the development of HCC in obese individuals.We also summarize recent evidence from experimental and clinical studies using either nutraceutical or pharmaceutical agents,and suggest that nutraceutical and pharmaceutical approaches targeting metabolic abnormalities might be a promising strategy to prevent the development of obesity-related HCC.展开更多
文摘Esophageo-tracheal fistula is a rare condition,and in most cases such fistulas are caused by malignant disease or emergency endotracheal intubation.A case where a wrapped tablet produced a fistula between the esophagus and trachea is described.The patient is a male born in 1938 who swallowed a tablet without unwrapping it.The patient was treated with selfexpanding metal stents(SEMS),but closure of the fistula was not achieved.Different examinations and treatment options are discussed.Surgical treatment for this condition has demonstrated considerable mortality and morbidity.In some cases closure of the fistula can be achieved by use of SEMS.Although we advise treatment of such cases with SEMS,in some cases treatment with stents will prove troublesome and the risk/benefit analysis will have to be reevaluated.
文摘Obesity and its related metabolic disorders are serious health problems worldwide,and lead to various healthrelated complications,including cancer.Among human cancers,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies affected by obesity.Therefore,obesity and its related disorders might be a key target for the prevention of HCC.Recently,new research indicates that the molecular abnormalities associated with obesity,including insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia,chronic inflammation,adipokine imbalance,and oxidative stress,are possible molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesityrelated hepatocarcinogenesis.Green tea catechins and branched-chain amino acids,both of which are classified as nutraceutical agents,have been reported to prevent obesity-related HCC development by improving metabolic abnormalities.The administration of acyclic retinoid,a pharmaceutical agent,reduced the incidence of HCC in obese and diabetic mice,and was also associated with improvements in insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.In this article,we review the detailed molecular mechanisms that link obesity to the development of HCC in obese individuals.We also summarize recent evidence from experimental and clinical studies using either nutraceutical or pharmaceutical agents,and suggest that nutraceutical and pharmaceutical approaches targeting metabolic abnormalities might be a promising strategy to prevent the development of obesity-related HCC.
