FHL2 Antagonizes Id1-Promoted Proliferation and Invasive Capacity of Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Objective：FHL2 was previously identified to be a novel interacting factor of Id family proteins.The aim of this study was to investigate,the effects of FHL2 on Id1-mediated transcriptional regulation activity and its oncogenic activity in human breast cancer cells.Methods：Cell transfection was performed by Superfect reagent.Id1 stably overexpressed MCF-7 cells was cloned by G418 screening.The protein level of Id1 was detected by western blot analysis.Dual relative luciferase assays were used to measure the effect of E47-mediated transcriptional activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation.Transwell assay was used to measure the invasive capacity of MCF-7 cancer cells.Results：The basic helix-loop-helix（bHLH） factor E47-mediated transcription activity was markedly repressed by Id1 in MCF-7 cells.This Id1-mediated repression was effectively antagonized by FHL2 transduction.Overexpression of Id1 markedly promoted the proliferation rate and invasive capacity of MCF-7 cells;however,these effects induced by Id1 were significantly suppressed by overexpression of FHL2 in cells.Conclusion：FHL2 can inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of human breast cancer cells by repressing the functional activity of Id1.These findings provide the basis for further investigating the functional roles of FHL2-Id1 signaling in the carcinogenesis and development of human breast cancer.

Gastric Metastasis of Atypical Medullary Carcinoma from Breast:a Case Report

METASTATIC gastric tumors are clinically uncommon,and metastatic gastric cancer from breast cancer was rarely reported.Here we report a case of gastric metastasis of atypical medullary carcinoma from breast.

Novel mutation and polymorphism of PRSS1 gene in the Chinese patients with hereditary pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis

Background Mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene （PRSS1） have been detected in patients with hereditary pancreatitis （HP）. This study investigated the prevalence of the R122H （c.365G〉A）, A121T （c.361 G〉A） and D162D （c.488 C〉T） mutations or polymorphisms in the common, non-hereditary forms of chronic pancreatitis and in an HP family.Methods DNA was prepared from blood samples of 54 patients with chronic pancreatitis （35 alcoholic, 17 idiopathic and 2 hereditary） and 120 normal controls. The PRSS1 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and their products were analyzed by sequencing and related clinical data were also collected. Results A new polymorphism （c.488 C〉T） of PRSS1 was found in 25 patients with chronic pancreatitis （including one affected member of the HP family） and six members of the normal controls. The C/T genotype was significantly increased in chronic pancreatitis （OR： 16.379, 95% CI： 5.7522-52.3663）, the frequency of c.488 C〉T change was in according with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but it doesn＇t affect the clinical phenotype. The commonly reported change of R122H （c.365G〉A） was not detected in any of the study subjects, c.361 G〉A was found in 2 affected members and one unaffected carrier in an HP family. One of the affected members of an HP family had c.361 G〉A mutation and polymorphism （c.488 C〉T） in the PRSS1 gene at the same time. The patient＇s clinical values （C3, C4, CA19-9 and HbA1c） were higher than those of the other patients with chronic pancreatitis. The two patients with HP developed diabetes mellitus and their father died with pancreatic cancer. Conclusion A new polymorphism （c.488 C〉T） in the PRSS1 gene is associated with chronic pancreatitis, but it did not affect the clinical phenotype while the A121T （c.361 G〉A） mutation in the gene shows a significant correlation in the patients with HP.

FHL2 inhibits the Id3-promoted proliferation and invasive growth of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Background Id3 plays a key role in the progression of breast cancer. Previously, four and a half LIM protein （FHL2） was identified as a repressor of Id family proteins by interacting with them. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FHL2 on the transcriptional regulation and oncogenic activities of Id3 in human breast cancer cells. Methods Cell transfection was performed with SuperFect reagent. Stable transfectants that overexpressed Id3 were obtained by selection on G418. The level of Id3 protein was determined by Western blotting analysis. Dual luciferase assays were used to measure the effect of Id3 and FHL2 on E47-mediated transcriptional activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The transwell assay was used to measure the invasive capacity of MCF-7 cancer cells. Results Id3 markedly repressed transcription mediated by the basic helix-loop-helix （bHLH） factor E47 in MCF-7 cells. This Id3-mediated repression was effectively antagonized by FHL2. Overexpression of Id3 markedly promoted the proliferation and invasive capacity of MCF-7 cells; however, these effects were significantly suppressed by the overexpression of FHL2. Conclusions FHL2 can inhibit the proliferation and invasive growth of human breast cancer cells by repressing the functional activity of Id3. The functional roles of FHL2-1d3 signaling in the development of human breast cancer need further research.