This study focuses on the heterogeneity of the middle Miocene syn-rift Belayim nullipore(reefal)marine sequences in the Gulf of Suez and its impacts on reservoir quality.The sequences consist of coralline algal reef l...This study focuses on the heterogeneity of the middle Miocene syn-rift Belayim nullipore(reefal)marine sequences in the Gulf of Suez and its impacts on reservoir quality.The sequences consist of coralline algal reef limestones with a highly complex dual-porosity system of primary and secondary porosities of widely varying percentages.To achieve a precise mathematical modeling of these reservoir sequences,a workflow protocol was applied to separate these sequences into a number of hydraulic flow units(HFUs)and reservoir rock types(RRTs).This has been achieved by conducting a conventional core analysis on the nullipore marine sequence.To illustrate the heterogeneity of the nullipore reservoir,the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient(V)has been estimated(V=0.91),indicating an extremely heterogeneous reservoir.A slight to high anisotropy(λ_(k))has been assigned for the studied nullipore sequences.A stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot(SMLP)was applied to define the optimum number of HFUs and barriers/baffles in each of the studied wells.Integrating the permeability-porosity,reservoir quality index-normalized porosity index(RQI-NPI)and the RQI-flow zone indicator(RQIFZI)plots,the discrete rock types(DRT)and the R35 techniques enable the discrimination of the reservoir sequences into 4 RRTs/HFUs.The RRT4 packstone samples are characterized by the best reservoir properties(moderate permeability anisotropy,with a good-to-fair reservoir quality index),whereas the RRT1 mudstone samples have the lowest flow and storage capacities,as well as the tightest reservoir quality.展开更多
The global mean temperatures of the atmosphere and the surface of various planets of the solar system are deter- mined by taking the system as in radiative equilibrium,with the atmosphere taken as transparent to solar...The global mean temperatures of the atmosphere and the surface of various planets of the solar system are deter- mined by taking the system as in radiative equilibrium,with the atmosphere taken as transparent to solar radiation but with an albedo α,and composed of N layers each of which absorbs all infrared radiation that falls on it,and a top layer of partial absorptivity a,while the surface is taken as black.It is found that,for the earth's atmosphere with α=0.33, N=0,a=0.83,it gives the current observed mean surface temperature T_s=15℃ and the effective mean radiative temper- ature of the atmosphere T_a=242.6K.On the other hand;the atmosphere of Venus is characterized by α=0.70 and N=70,which yields a surface temperature of about 700K. It is also found that surface evaporation and absorption of solar radiation by the atmosphere tend to lower the sur- face temperature.展开更多
基金the Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP-2020/92),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘This study focuses on the heterogeneity of the middle Miocene syn-rift Belayim nullipore(reefal)marine sequences in the Gulf of Suez and its impacts on reservoir quality.The sequences consist of coralline algal reef limestones with a highly complex dual-porosity system of primary and secondary porosities of widely varying percentages.To achieve a precise mathematical modeling of these reservoir sequences,a workflow protocol was applied to separate these sequences into a number of hydraulic flow units(HFUs)and reservoir rock types(RRTs).This has been achieved by conducting a conventional core analysis on the nullipore marine sequence.To illustrate the heterogeneity of the nullipore reservoir,the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient(V)has been estimated(V=0.91),indicating an extremely heterogeneous reservoir.A slight to high anisotropy(λ_(k))has been assigned for the studied nullipore sequences.A stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot(SMLP)was applied to define the optimum number of HFUs and barriers/baffles in each of the studied wells.Integrating the permeability-porosity,reservoir quality index-normalized porosity index(RQI-NPI)and the RQI-flow zone indicator(RQIFZI)plots,the discrete rock types(DRT)and the R35 techniques enable the discrimination of the reservoir sequences into 4 RRTs/HFUs.The RRT4 packstone samples are characterized by the best reservoir properties(moderate permeability anisotropy,with a good-to-fair reservoir quality index),whereas the RRT1 mudstone samples have the lowest flow and storage capacities,as well as the tightest reservoir quality.
基金The paper is written to the memory of Dr.Tu Changwang(1906-1962),one of the founders for modern meteorology of China.
文摘The global mean temperatures of the atmosphere and the surface of various planets of the solar system are deter- mined by taking the system as in radiative equilibrium,with the atmosphere taken as transparent to solar radiation but with an albedo α,and composed of N layers each of which absorbs all infrared radiation that falls on it,and a top layer of partial absorptivity a,while the surface is taken as black.It is found that,for the earth's atmosphere with α=0.33, N=0,a=0.83,it gives the current observed mean surface temperature T_s=15℃ and the effective mean radiative temper- ature of the atmosphere T_a=242.6K.On the other hand;the atmosphere of Venus is characterized by α=0.70 and N=70,which yields a surface temperature of about 700K. It is also found that surface evaporation and absorption of solar radiation by the atmosphere tend to lower the sur- face temperature.
