Accumulation sequence of Chinese loess and climatic records of Greenland ice core during the last 130 ka

The present winter climate of continental China is associated with cold air activity.The cold air forming Siberian high pressure comes from the Northern Barents Sea.Northwestern Kara Sea and Northern Atlantic Ocean (fig.1). in other words, mainly fromthe cold northern sea surface. west and east to Novaya Zemlya and the sea surface south

THE APPROACH TO REMOTE SENSING OF WATER VAPOR BASED ON GPS AND LINEAR REGRESSION T_m IN EASTERN REGION OF CHINA

The approach to remote sensing of water vapor by using global positioning systems(GPS)is discussed.In order to retrieve the vertical integrated water vapor(IWV)or the precipitable water (PW),the weighted“mean temperature”of the atmosphere,T_m would be estimated to the specific area and season.T_m depends on surface temperature,tropospheric temperature profile,and the vertical distribution of water vapor.The surface temperature dependence is borne out by a comparison of T_m and the values of surface temperature T_s using radiosonde profiles of Beijing Station(No.54511)throughout 1992.The analysis of radiosonde profiles spanning a one-year interval(1992)from sites in eastern region of China with a latitude range of 20-50°N and a longitude range of 100-130°E yields the coefficients α and b of a linear regression equation T_m= α+bT_s.

CONCENTRATION AND FLUX OF CO_2, TURBULENCE FLUXES AND RADIATION BALANCE IN THE NEAR SURFACE LAYER OVER WHEAT FIELD

The gradient of CO_2 concentration, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). net radiation. soil heat flux, profiles of wind speed, and air temperature and humidity were measured above a wheat field during May and June 1985 at Beijing Agro-Ecosystems Experimental Station. Beijing, China. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, sensible heat, latent heat and momentum were calculated by using the aerodynamic method. The observation site. equipment, calibration techniques, the errors associated with the measurement, and the computational procedures are described. The results show that the diurnal variations of amplitude of CO_2 concentrations were 103.8 to 27. 0. 86. 3 to 22.8 and 69.8 to 11.6 ppm: the average CO_2 concentrations were 331.5. 339.9 and 364.6 ppm for the photosynthesis type, and 369.6. 364.0 and 375.2 ppm for the respiration type at 1. 2 and 10 m above surface, respectively, from May 14 to June 15. In the daytime, transfer direction of the CO_2 fluxes and gradients is from air to crop canopy, and at noon (1100 to 1300 BT (Beijing Time)) the transfer rate reaches negative maximum value. At night, transfer of CO_2 fluxes and gradients is in the reversed direction and reaches positive maximum in the early morning (0400 to 0600 BT). There are strong negative correlations between CO_2 flux and the net radiation (Rn), available energy (H+LE). photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and momentum flux (τ).

Atmosphere-earth angular momentum exchange and ENSO cycle

The time series of the earth’s rotation rate, eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (Tss), sea level pressure (Psl) and atmospheric angular momentum (Maa) during 1976 -1989 are used to study the relation between atmosphere-earth angular momentum exchange and ENSO cycle. The result shows that (i) there are synergetic relationships among the variations of solid earth’s rotation, eastern equatorial Pacific T,, Psl, different latitude zonal Maa and global Maa; (ii) local atmosphere-ocean interaction over low-latitude area can form ENSO-like cycle through Hadley circulation; (iii) the solid earth and global atmosphere-ocean interaction can form some aperiodic behavior and asynchronous oscillations by mountain torque and earth spin anomalous friction torque acting on each component of solid earth-ocean-atmosphere system; and (iv) actual ENSO cycle is a phenomenon reflecting in Pacific basin through interaction among solid earth, global ocean and the atmosphere.