Krüppel-like Factor 13 Promotes HCC Progression by Transcriptional Regulation of HMGCS1-mediated Cholesterol Synthesis

Background and Aims:Krüppel-like factor(KLF)has a role in the occurrence,development and metabolism of can-cer.We aimed to explore the role and potential molecular mechanism of KLF13 in the growth and migration of liver cancer cells.Methods:The expression of KLF13 in hepa-tocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues was higher than that in normal tissues according to analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Lentiviral plasmids were used for overexpression and plasmid knockdown of KLF13.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expression in HCC tissues and cells.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,cell migration and invasion,and flow cytometry assays were used to assess the in vitro function of KLF13 in HCC cells.The effect of KLF13 on xenograft tumor growth in vivo was evaluated.The cholesterol content of HCC cells was determined by an indicator kit.A dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)revealed the binding relationship between KLF13 and HMGCS1.Results:The expression of KLF13 was upregu-lated in HCC tissues and TCGA database.KLF13 knockdown inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 cells and increased the apoptosis of Huh7 cells.The opposite effects were observed with the overexpression of KLF13 in SK-Hep1 and MHCC-97H cells.The overexpres-sion of KLF13 promoted the growth of HCC in nude mice and KLF13 transcription promoted the expression of HMGCS1 and the biosynthesis of cholesterol.KLF13 knockdown inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis mediated by HMGCS1 and inhibited the growth and metastasis of HCC cells.Conclusions:KLF13 acted as a tumor promoter in HCC by positively regulating HMGCS1-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis.