Energy consumption,indoor environmental quality,and benchmark for office buildings in Hainan Province of China

With rapid economy growth,building energy consumption in China has been gradually increased.The energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of 51 office buildings in Hainan Province,a hot and humid area,were studied through collection of verified data in site visits and field tests.The result revealed that,electricity accounted for 99.79% of the total energy consumption,natural gas 0.17%,and diesel 0.04%.The air conditioning dominated the energy use with a share of 43.18%,equipment in the particular areas 26.90%,equipment in the office rooms 11.95%,lighting system 8.67%,general service system 7.57%,and miscellaneous items 1.73%.Statistical method including six indicators obtained the energy consumption benchmark with upper limit of 98.31 kW-h/m2 and lower limit of 55.26 kW-h/m2.According to ASHRAE standard(comfortable standard) and GB/T 18883-2002(acceptable standard),the indoor environmental quality of 51 sampled office buildings was classified into three ranks:good,normal and bad.With benchmark of building energy consumption combined with indoor environmental quality,it was found that only 3.92% of sampled buildings can be identified as the best performance buildings with low energy consumption and advanced indoor environmental quality,and the buildings classified into normal level accounted for the maximum ratio.

Poetic and Pictorial Splendor-Expression of Traditional Chinese Literati in Chinese Architecture

The expression of traditional Chinese literati is based on connection, seeking emotion and harmony. With various forms, though, this style of expression shares the same value in some art forms, like traditional Chinese poetry, calligraphy and paintings, and Chinese architecture. Based on the commonalities of various forms of literature and art, this paper offered an insight into Chinese architecture in light of poetic and pictorial expression of traditional Chinese literati. In order to illuminate the corresponding connection between traditional Chinese poetry, calligraphy and paintings, and Chinese architecture, this paper discussed the expression of Chinese architecture corresponding to the essence of traditional Chinese poetry, calligraphy and paintings respectively from the perspective of philosophy, aesthetics, and culture study of Chinese architecture. Via analogous analysis, which includes the analogy between the emotion of architecture and the feelings in traditional poetry, the analogy between the order of architecture and the spirit of calligraphy, and the analogy between the artistic conception and the picturesque scene, the poetic and pictorial expression of Chinese architecture was clarified. This paper emphasized that Chinese architecture needs to jump out of the concrete image, eradicate the interdisciplinary boundaries, and stress the integration of arts and humanities in a higher level, to express Chinese architecture in a Chinese way. That means making Chinese architecture modern in forms and techniques, and traditional in spirit and artistic conception.

Exploration and Reflection on the Village and Town Planning of Chengdu in the Context of Urban-Rural Coordination

This article starts from analyzing existing problems in China's village and town planning, and moves on to look at Chengdu's village and town planning from such aspects as institution management, compilation methods, and implementation mechanism in the context of urban-rural coordination in recent years. In doing so, the article aims to uncover the characteristics and modes of Chengdu's practices and their implications for future village and town planning.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

A Survey into the Motivations of Adult English Learning

Adult English learners have their own unique characteristics. This research adopts a questionnaire consisting of 9 dimensions to explore their English learning motivations, which turn out to be mainly instrumental ones. And the author has postulated suggestions about adult English teaching.

Application of the “Accurate Control Groundwater Resources” Theory in Containment of Groundwater Resource Exhaustion Trend

The continued sustainable economic development of china depends in part,to the scientific management of China’s precious groundwater resources in the coming years.Groundwater resource scarcity is a common underlying problem across China,in addition,the large-scale groundwater exploitation for human consumption over recent decades has resulted in a series of environmental geological problems.As a result of these problems,the national economics in china have been seriously affected.In order to prevent groundwater resource exhaustion and environmental geology deterioration,“accurate control of groundwater resources(ACGR)”theory and its support system were established in this article,and the related prevention measures of the ACGR theory,such as accurate irrigation,accurate supply water,and accurate subsidies,were proposed.This paper highlights the ACGR theory as an efficient and essential way to achieve the sustainable groundwater resource management,which can be applied to countries such as China.

Beautiful Village Planning and Construction:A Practice of Human Settlement Improvement in Jiangsu Province

The 18th CPC National Congress set forth a development goal to build a beautiful China. Particularly,it emphasized the integration of urban and rural development as a fundamental way to solve issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and farmers. Consequently,how to integrate urban and rural development,and how to construct beautiful villages under national arrangements turns into distinctive historical responsibilities of the contemporary urban and rural planners. Nevertheless,due to the profound impact of the urban-rural dual system,there has been a huge disparity between rural and urban in both construction management and planning. Simply put,we know less about the rural but more about the urban. Taking the beautiful village construction in Jiangsu Province as an example,the paper draws from the empirical practices on village planning,farmers' wishes survey,and environmental remediation,in the hope to contest current village planning and construction concepts and to initiate more heated debates on rural areas at large. It seeks a new route for village construction and rural human settlement improvement that better respects the characteristics of China's rural areas,and meanwhile more faithfully refl ects farmers' demands.

Improving the Quality of Urban Space and Shaping the Characteristics of Urban Culture: Under the Rapid Urbanization Phase of Jiangsu Province

China is currently undergoing the most inf luential urbanization phase in its history, and this process will probably last for a few decades to come. Along with the accelerated urbanization, the quality of development has been elevated to an equal position with the quantity. Being one of the most developed and best urbanized provinces in China, Jiangsu has achieved an urbanization rate of 57%. Dealing with large construction scales, Jiangsu is presently striving to improve the quality of its urban space, and to elevate human settlements to a higher level. By contextualizing Jiangsu's urbanization within a certain development stage and a specif ic historical era, the paper proposes the overall idea and action strategies for improving the quality of urban space, on the basis of the analysis on contemporary cultural pursuits. It aims at changing the current situation of "one outlook for thousands of cities," improving the quality of urban space and the competitiveness of urban culture, and eventually creating better human settlements and a harmonious society.

Strategies of Planning Governance and Collaboration for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is an important part of China’s national strategy in the new era.This paper reviews the process of cross-border planning collaboration in this area,from functional division to institutional coordination.However,this process is still constrained by problems such as having few platforms and channels of collaboration,too much reliance on the provincial government,limited measures of collaboration,and weak coordination on the issues concerning core interests.It argues that the orientation should be building an open collaboration framework with multi-party participation and the specific strategies should include establishing a multi-level and multi-party planning collaboration framework,promoting the planning integration of three metropolitan areas,co-building a unified international quality life circle,promoting the co-building and co-sharing of strategic areas,and exploring diversified measures of planning collaboration.

The Participation Role of Villagers in Village Plan Implementation: A Comparative Study on Two Villages in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

China is in a process of rapid urbanization. Meanwhile, building development in rural areas is also accelerating. The paper intends to illustrate an original study focusing on villagers' role in participation in village plan implementation in rural areas of China. Case studies, comparative studies, interviews, and questionnaires have been applied to reveal the mechanism of villager participation in village plan imple-mentation. Two case villages, which are pioneer units in the transition in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, have been selected. The study outcome shows that the villager participation plays an extremely important role in implementing the official village plan. The ideal development regulation mode in village planning in rural China should be a local government-villager cooperating system formed by three pillars: financial and technical supports from local governments; the participation of rural autonomous organizations, non-governmental organizations, and "able persons" in formulation, implementation, and monitoring of official village plans; village construction teams like developers.