Co-stimulatory molecules are key mediators in the regulation of immune responses and knowledge of its different families,structure,and functions has improved in recent decades.Understanding the role of co-stimulatory ...Co-stimulatory molecules are key mediators in the regulation of immune responses and knowledge of its different families,structure,and functions has improved in recent decades.Understanding the role of co-stimulatory molecules in pathological processes has allowed the development of strategies to modulate cellular functions.Currently,modulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules has been applied in clinical applications as therapeutic targets in diseases and promising results have been achieved.展开更多
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.Th...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels.AIM To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume.METHODS The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and HVs.RESULTS In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(P<0.0001).All chemokines decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(P<0.05)between 0 wk and 4 wk.In the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(P<0.05).All patients experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(P<0.0001)and 8 wk(P<0.0001)compared with 0 wk.CONCLUSION Despite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS score.The high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.展开更多
基金Supported by Institute of Ophthalmology“Fundacion Conde de Valenciana”Velazquez-Soto H received fellowship 294674 from CONACYT during his doctoral studies in Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Medicas,Odontologicas y de la Salud(Farmacologia Clinica),Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM)Real F with CVU 917729,recieved fellowship from CONACYT during his master studies in Programa de Maestria en Ciencias Medicas,Odontologicas y de la Salud(Farmacologia Clinica),Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM).
文摘Co-stimulatory molecules are key mediators in the regulation of immune responses and knowledge of its different families,structure,and functions has improved in recent decades.Understanding the role of co-stimulatory molecules in pathological processes has allowed the development of strategies to modulate cellular functions.Currently,modulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules has been applied in clinical applications as therapeutic targets in diseases and promising results have been achieved.
基金Secretaria de Ciencia,Tecnología e Innovación,No.0048/2014。
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels.AIM To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume.METHODS The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and HVs.RESULTS In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(P<0.0001).All chemokines decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(P<0.05)between 0 wk and 4 wk.In the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(P<0.05).All patients experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(P<0.0001)and 8 wk(P<0.0001)compared with 0 wk.CONCLUSION Despite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS score.The high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.
