Erratum to “Expression, Purification and Crystallization of Thermostable Mutant of Cutinase Est1 from <i>Thermobifida alba</i>.” [Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 9 (2018), 215-223]

The original online version of this article (Kitadokoro, K., Matsui, S., Osokoshi, R., Nakata, K. and Kamitani, S. (2018) Expression, Purification and Crystallization of Thermostable Mutant of Cutinase Est1 from Thermobifida alba. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 9, 215-223. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2018.95015) unfortunately contains some mistakes. The author wishes to correct the errors.

Antiproliferative role of Indig ofera aspalathoides on 20 methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in rats

Objective:To find out the anticancer effect of indigofera aspalathoides(L.aspalathoides)on20-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in rats.Methods:Fibrosarcoma was induced in Wistar strain male albino rats by 2O-methylcholanthrene.Intraperitoneous(i.p.)administration of250 mg/kg body weight/day of aqueous extract of I.aspalathoides for 30 d effectively suppressed chemically induced tumors.Parameters such as body weight,liver and kidney weight,tumor weight,mean survival time,behavioral changes,blood glucose,blood glycogen and marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),acid phosphatase(ACP)and 5'-nucleiotidase(5'-NT)in serum,liver and kidney and lipid profiles such as total cholesterel,phospholipids,free fatty acids in liver and kidney of control and experimental animals were studied.Results:Fibrosarcoma bearing animals were ferocious and anxious.The mean survival time was found to increase after the treatment.The body weights were significantly decreased(P<0.001)in groupⅡfibrosarcoma animals which steadily increased after the treatment with I.aspalathoides.The liver and kidney weights were significantly increased whereas the tumor weights decreased as compared to the weights in untreated fibrosarcoma bearing rats.The blood glucose and the liver and kidney glycogen levels were found to decrease significantly(P<0.001)in groupⅡanimals.Elevated activities of marker enzymes were observed in serum,liver and kidney of fibrosarcoma bearing GroupⅡanimals which were normalize after I.aspalathoides treatment.In the liver and kidney of GroupⅡanimals the total cholesterol increased whereas the pbospbolipids and free fatty acid levels decreased(P<0.001)which were normalized after treatment.Conclusions:The treatment by I.aspalathoides on fihrosarcoma bearing rats has improved the levels of various parameters indicating its antiproliferative and anticancer activity.

Micro-encapsulation of Pacific white shrimp oil as affected by emulsification condition

Micro-encapsulation of shrimp oil using the mixture of whey protein concentrate(WPC)and sodium caseinate(SC)(1:1,w/w)as a wall material was carried out.The impact of core/wall material ratios(1:2 and 1:4,w/w)and homogenizing pressures(13.79 and 27.58 MPa)on characteristics and stability of emulsion was investigated.The size of emulsion oil droplets decreased with increasing homogenizing pressure(P<0.05)but was not influenced by core/wall material ratio(P>0.05).During the extended storage,particle size,flocculation factor(Ff)and coalescence index(Ci)of all emulsions sharply increased,especially in emulsions prepared at 13.79 MPa with a core/wall material ratio of 1:2(P<0.05).After spray drying,micro-encapsulated shrimp oil(MSO)prepared at 13.79 MPa with a core/wall material ratio of 1:2 had the larger size than others(P<0.05).MSO prepared using a core/wall material ratio of 1:4 with homogenizing pressure of 27.58 MPa exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency(EE)(51.3%–52.8%)than others.Thus,both core/wall material ratio and homogenizing pressure directly affected micro-encapsulation of shrimp oil.

Impact of dietary oils and fats on lipid peroxidation in liver and blood of albino rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of different dietary fat and oils(differing in their degree of saturation and unsaturation)on lipid peroxidation in liver and blood of rats.Methods:The study was conducted on SO albino rats that were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 animals.The groups were fed on dietary butter(Group I),margarine(Croup II),olive oil(Group III),sunflower oil(Group IV)and com oil(Group V)for 7 weeks.After 12 h of diet removal,livers were excised and blood was collected to measure malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the supernatant of liver homogenate and in blood.Blood superoxide dismutase activity(SOD),glutathione peroxidase activity(GPx),serum vitamin E and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)levels were also measured to determine the effects of fats and oils on lipid peroxidation.Results:The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in SOD activity,vitamin E and TAC levels between the five groups.However,there was significant decrease of GPx activity in groups IV and V when compared with otlier groups.The results indicated that feeding corn oil caused significant increases in liver and blood MDA levels as compared with other oils and fats.There were positive correlations between SOD and GPx,vitamin E and TAC as well as between GPx and TAC(r:0.743;P<0.001)and between blood MDA and liver MDA(r:0.897;P<0.00l).The results showed also negative correlations between blood MDA on one hand and SOD,GPx,vitamin E and TAC on the other hand.Conclusions:The results demonstrated that feeding oils rich in polyunsaturated fatly acids(PUFA)increases lipid peroxidation significantly and may raise the susceptibility of tissues to free radical oxidative damage.

Transcriptome analysis shows nicotinamide seed treatment alters expression of genes involved in defense and epigenetic processes in roots of seedlings of Picea abies

Nicotinamide treatment of plants and plant cell cultures has been shown to promote defense and decrease levels of DNA methylation.In the present study,we used RNA-seq technology to study overall changes in gene expression induced in roots of 3-month-old spruce(Picea abies)seedlings grown from nicotinamide-treated seeds to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense promotion.Approximately 350 genes were identified as differentially expressed in roots after the seed treatment.Stress response genes,including transcription factors MYB77 and LHY and two chitinase enzymes,were generally upregulated,whereas genes thought to be involved in epigenetic regulation such as DDM1,known to promote DNA methylation,were present at high frequency among the downregulated genes.Across all samples,the expression of downregulated epigenetic-related genes was highly correlated with the nicotinamide treatment,indicating a common regulation.Our results support an earlier hypothesis regarding a potential role of nicotinamide as a defense-signal mediator.

Comparison of ASBR and CSTR reactor for hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent under thermophilic condition

Hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum PSU-2 was investigated both in batch and continuous reactors using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The hydrogen production determined from batch experiment of POME at an inoculum size of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) was 161, 201, 246 and 296 mL H2/g-COD with COD removal efficiency of 21%, 23%, 23% and 23%, respectively. Continuous hydrogen production was start-up with 30% (v/v) inoculum in both ASBR and CSTR reactors and more than 30% COD removal could be obtained at HRT of 4 days, corresponding to OLR of 11.3 g COD/ L·day. Similar hydrogen production rates of 2.05 and2.16 LH2/L. day were obtained from ASBR and CSTR, respectively. COD removal efficiency of ASBR was 37.7%, while it was 44.8% for CSTR. However, ASBR was stable in term of alkalinity, while the CSTR was stable in term of hydrogen production, soluble metabolites concentration and alkalinity. Therefore, the CSTR was found to be more stable in hydrogen production than ASBR under the same OLR.

Prevascularized Micro‑/Nano‑Sized Spheroid/Bead Aggregates for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Efficient strategies to promote microvascularization in vascular tissue engineering,a central priority in regenerative medicine,are still scarce;nano-and micro-sized aggregates and spheres or beads harboring primitive microvascular beds are promising methods in vascular tissue engineering.Capillaries are the smallest type and in numerous blood vessels,which are distributed densely in cardiovascular system.To mimic this microvascular network,specific cell components and proangiogenic factors are required.Herein,advanced biofabrication methods in microvascular engineering,including extrusion-based and droplet-based bioprinting,Kenzan,and biogripper approaches,are deliberated with emphasis on the newest works in prevascular nano-and micro-sized aggregates and microspheres/microbeads.

死端型微滤膜的污染机理分析(英文)

研究使用死端型微滤去除金枪鱼脾脏提取物中悬浮大颗粒过程中的膜污染机理.膜孔堵塞阻力以及膜表面滤饼层阻力.膜孔堵塞是引起膜通量降低的主要污染机理.而膜表面的滤饼层则决定微滤过程的持续时间.改变膜孔径和透膜压力可影响不同膜污染机理间的转化,从而改变了不同污染机理的持续时间.微滤前离心和预过滤去除了金枪鱼脾脏提取物中的部分悬浮颗粒,改变了其中颗粒尺寸分布从而影响了微滤过程中污染机制.观察发现,颗粒尺寸分布是膜污染机制中较重要的因素.

In-vitro study:Immunomodulatory and cytotoxicity effects of ethanolic leave extracts of Aegle marmelos and Ficus benghalensis

Objective:To assess the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of the coastal trees Aegle marmelos(A.marmelos)and Ficus benghalensis(F.benghalensis)by in-vitro methods.Methods:A.marmelos and F.benghalensis leaves were extracted with the solvents di-ethyl ether,ethanol and methanol.The extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and immunomodulatory activity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC),respectively.Results:F.benghalensis ethanol cold extract gave maximum inhibition zones against Escherichia coli NCIM 2931(B2)at 18 mm and enhanced the growth of human PBMC.It was non-toxic to human PBMC shown by the Tryphan blue dye exclusion method,sulforhodamine B and MTT assays.IR phyto-chemical analysis demonstrated the presence of the functional groups:NH,CH_(2),CH_(3),CO,OH,-C-C=O,and C-S.We confirmed the presence of quantifiable amounts of tannins and alkaloids with traces of phenolic compounds by thin layer chromatography analysis.Conclusions:Leaves of A.marmelos and F.benghalensis provide both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.