In the past few decades,robotics research has witnessed an increasingly high interest in miniaturized,intelligent,and integrated robots.The imperative component of a robot is the actuator that determines its performan...In the past few decades,robotics research has witnessed an increasingly high interest in miniaturized,intelligent,and integrated robots.The imperative component of a robot is the actuator that determines its performance.Although traditional rigid drives such as motors and gas engines have shown great prevalence in most macroscale circumstances,the reduction of these drives to the millimeter or even lower scale results in a significant increase in manufacturing difficulty accompanied by a remarkable performance decline.Biohybrid robots driven by living cells can be a potential solution to overcome these drawbacks by benefiting from the intrinsic microscale self-assembly of living tissues and high energy efficiency,which,among other unprecedented properties,also feature flexibility,self-repair,and even multiple degrees of freedom.This paper systematically reviews the development of biohybrid robots.First,the development of biological flexible drivers is introduced while emphasizing on their advantages over traditional drivers.Second,up-to-date works regarding biohybrid robots are reviewed in detail from three aspects:biological driving sources,actuator materials,and structures with associated control methodologies.Finally,the potential future applications and major challenges of biohybrid robots are explored.展开更多
Amphibious robots are becoming increasingly important for civilian,scientific,and environmental missions.They are widely used in disaster rescue,ecosystem monitoring,and entertainment.However,some have two different l...Amphibious robots are becoming increasingly important for civilian,scientific,and environmental missions.They are widely used in disaster rescue,ecosystem monitoring,and entertainment.However,some have two different locomotion systems that need to be changed manually to fulfill both swimming in the water and moving on land,which may reduce their efficiency and reliability.Applying bioinspiration and biomimetics,many recently developed amphibious robots can undertake various tasks in complex amphibious environments with high mobility,flexibility,and energy efficiency.This review overviews the latest developments in amphibious robots,emphasizing biomimetic design concepts,backbone driving mechanisms,and typical applications.The performance indices of amphibious robots mimicking 13 different natural sources are compared,based on 10 different propulsion principles/modes,travel speed,working efficiency,maneuverability,and stability.Finally,the current challenges and perspectives of amphibious bio-inspired robots are discussed.This article summarizes the current types of amphibious robots and their movement and behavior solutions.The design concepts and operating mechanisms of amphibious robots reviewed here can be readily applied to other robotic studies.展开更多
基金the Research Project Funding of National University of Defense Technology of China(No.ZK19-33)the National Postdoctoral International Exchange Program Funding for Incoming Postdoctoral Students(postdoctoral No.48127).
文摘In the past few decades,robotics research has witnessed an increasingly high interest in miniaturized,intelligent,and integrated robots.The imperative component of a robot is the actuator that determines its performance.Although traditional rigid drives such as motors and gas engines have shown great prevalence in most macroscale circumstances,the reduction of these drives to the millimeter or even lower scale results in a significant increase in manufacturing difficulty accompanied by a remarkable performance decline.Biohybrid robots driven by living cells can be a potential solution to overcome these drawbacks by benefiting from the intrinsic microscale self-assembly of living tissues and high energy efficiency,which,among other unprecedented properties,also feature flexibility,self-repair,and even multiple degrees of freedom.This paper systematically reviews the development of biohybrid robots.First,the development of biological flexible drivers is introduced while emphasizing on their advantages over traditional drivers.Second,up-to-date works regarding biohybrid robots are reviewed in detail from three aspects:biological driving sources,actuator materials,and structures with associated control methodologies.Finally,the potential future applications and major challenges of biohybrid robots are explored.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC2001303)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(No.CX20190030)+1 种基金the Innovation Research Foundation of the National University of Defense Technology(No.ZK19-33)the International Postdoctoral Introduction Project Foundation,China。
文摘Amphibious robots are becoming increasingly important for civilian,scientific,and environmental missions.They are widely used in disaster rescue,ecosystem monitoring,and entertainment.However,some have two different locomotion systems that need to be changed manually to fulfill both swimming in the water and moving on land,which may reduce their efficiency and reliability.Applying bioinspiration and biomimetics,many recently developed amphibious robots can undertake various tasks in complex amphibious environments with high mobility,flexibility,and energy efficiency.This review overviews the latest developments in amphibious robots,emphasizing biomimetic design concepts,backbone driving mechanisms,and typical applications.The performance indices of amphibious robots mimicking 13 different natural sources are compared,based on 10 different propulsion principles/modes,travel speed,working efficiency,maneuverability,and stability.Finally,the current challenges and perspectives of amphibious bio-inspired robots are discussed.This article summarizes the current types of amphibious robots and their movement and behavior solutions.The design concepts and operating mechanisms of amphibious robots reviewed here can be readily applied to other robotic studies.
