Adhering to the Correct Outlook on Human Rights to Promote Sound Development of the International Human Rights Cause

The underlying principles in human rights contained in the guidelines of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee embody the Chinese solution to the contemporary issue of human rights protection,and provide a new alternative for the vast number of developing countries to independently explore their paths of human rights development with their distinctive features.China will take an active and constructive part in international cooperation on human rights,and continue making new and greater contributions to the sound development of the global human rights cause.

Ethnic variations in ulcerative colitis: Experience of an international hospital in Thailand

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, medication use, and treatment response in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) across ethnic groups.METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed medical records of all 268465 patients who visited the Bumrungrad International Digestive Disease Center during 2005-2010. The demographics, clinical characteristics, medication use, results of investigations, and medical and surgical management for patients with UC were evaluated. Evaluation included sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy performed in compliance with the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy practice guidelines. Patient ethnicities were categorized into seven groups: Thai, Oriental, South Asian(SA), Middle Eastern(ME), Caucasian, African, and Hispanic. UC pathological severity was classified into inactive, mild, moderate, and severe. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using the χ2 or Fischer's exact test. Associations between categorical and interval variables were analyzed usingStudent's t-test and/or analysis of covariance.RESULTS: UC was diagnosed in 371 of the 268465 patients: male 56.33%; ME 42%, Caucasian 23%, and Thai 19%. Annual incidence of UC was 82 cases per 100000 with wide ethnic variation, ranging from 29 to 206 cases per 100000 in Oriental and ME patients, respectively. Of the patients with UC, 16.71% had severe UC with highest incidence among the patients from ME(20.39%) and lowest among the Caucasian population(11.90%). ME had highest proportion of pancolitis(52.90%), followed by Caucasian(45.35%) and Asian(34.40%). Only 20.93% of Caucasian patients received steroid, compared with 26.40% and 27.10% of Asian and Middle Eastern, respectively(P = 0.732). Overall, 13.72% of UC patients did not respond to steroid therapy, with non-significantly higher proportions of non-responders among Asian and Middle Eastern patients(15.22% and 15.04%, respectively)(P = 0.781). On average, 5.93% underwent surgical management with ethnic variation, ranging from 0% in African to 18% in SA. Cancer was found in three(Thai, ME, and African) cases(0.82 institution-specific incidence).CONCLUSION: Incidence, symptom duration, pathological severity, clinical manifestations, medication use, treatment response, need for surgical consultation, and cancer incidence of patients with UC potentially vary by ethnicity.

A Review of China's Surrounding Security Environment in the Context of the International Political Economy

Since the second half of 2012,the security situation in China’s surrounding areas has become increasingly serious.On the sea frontiers,following the Sino-Philippine conflict over Huangyan Island,the Sino-Japanese dispute over the Diaoyu Islands has escalated due to the Japanese government’s illegal"purchase"of the islands.Since 2013,Japan has also continuously enhanced its military coordination with

Progress in the generation of spinal cord organoids over the past decade and future perspectives

Spinal cord organoids are three-dimensional tissues derived from stem cells that recapitulate the primary morphological and functional characteristics of the spinal cord in vivo.As emerging bioengineering methods have led to the optimization of cell culture protocols,spinal cord organoids technology has made remarkable advancements in the past decade.Our literature search found that current spinal cord organoids do not only dynamically simulate neural tube formation but also exhibit diverse cytoarchitecture along the dorsal-ventral and rostral-caudal axes.Moreover,fused organoids that integrate motor neurons and other regionally specific organoids exhibit intricate neural circuits that allows for functional assessment.These qualities make spinal cord organoids valuable tools for disease modeling,drug screening,and tissue regeneration.By utilizing this emergent technology,researchers have made significant progress in investigating the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of spinal cord diseases.However,at present,spinal cord organoid technology remains in its infancy and has not been widely applied in translational medicine.Establishment of the next generation of spinal cord organoids will depend on good manufacturing practice standards and needs to focus on diverse cell phenotypes and electrophysiological functionality evaluation.

Predicaments and Countermeasures of the Protection of Migrant Workers' Human Rights——From the Perspective of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

International migration mainly happens between the North and the South Mig rant workers have made important contributions to the inclusive growth and sustainable development of world economy, but their human rights are often violated In recent years, frequent extreme terrorists attacks and large-scale refugee influxes have triggered anti-for eign sentiment and policies in developed countries, which expose migrant workers to an unprecedented human rights crisis The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is an important convention adopted by the United Nations that specially protects human rights of migrant workers However, as the convention has not been ratified by major developed countries where most migrant workers seek employment, the protection regime has an empty shell Developing countries where most migrant workers originate from should strengthen cooperation among themselves and urge developed countries to fulfill the duty of human rights protection by normalizing the status of migrant workers and that of members of their families in employment countries and ratifying the convention as soon as possible.

China and the Changing World——Summary of the International Seminar in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the CICIR (Part Ⅱ)

China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) hosted an international symposium on China and the Changing World on September 4-5, 2010 to commemorate its 30th anniversary. Four

We Should Well Grasp Those Vital Issues Related to the Future Trend of International Relations

Profound changes in the international situation this past year signify how momentous and rapid are the alterations in the international power configuration,the geopolitical landscape,and the global governance structure.Since the financial crisis,the developed economies have fallen into recession and,in general,their recovery remains slow.Emerging economies have high growth,by contrast,and this is a factor in accelerating multi-polarization in the international power configuration.This evolution is complicated,but the trend is seeing a strong China,now the world's second-largest economy having posted a 7.4%2014 growth rate,shortening its gap with the U.S.and gradually pulling ahead of

Pregnancy stressors and postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety:the moderating role of a cognitivebehavioural therapy(CBT)intervention

Background Little is known about the association between stressors(especially positive stressors)during pregnancy and postpartum depression and anxiety.Aims We investigated the association between positive and negative stress events during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum mental health outcomes among low-income pregnant women with symptoms of anxiety in Pakistan and evaluated whether an intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)had a regulatory effect.Methods Participants were 621 pregnant Pakistani women with mild anxiety.Using the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version,six scores were created to assess positive and negative stressors.We performed a multivariate linear regression to examine whether these six scores,measured both at baseline and in the third trimester,were associated with postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms.The effect of the intervention on this relationship was examined by adding an interaction term to the regression model.Results Hassles frequency measured in the third trimester was positively associated with depression(B=0.22,95%confidence interval(Cl):0.09 to 0.36)and anxiety(B=0.19,95%Cl:0.08to 0.30).At the same timepoint,uplifts intensity was negatively associated with symptoms of depression(B=-0.82,95%Cl:1.46 to-0.18)and anxiety(B=-0.70,95%Cl:-1.25 to-0.15),whereas hassles intensity was positively related to symptoms of depression(B=1.02,95%Cl:0.36 to 1.67)and anxiety(B=0.90,95%Cl:0.34 to 1.47).The intensity ratio of hassles to uplifts reported in the third trimester was positively related to both depression(B=1.40,95%Cl:0.59 to 2.20)and anxiety(B=1.26,95%Cl:0.57 to 1.96).The intervention strengthened the overall positive effects of uplfts and the negative effects of hassles.Pregnancy experiences at baseline during early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy were not associated with mental health outcomes.Conclusions Stressors in the third trimester but not earlier in pregnancy were associated with postpartum symptoms of anxiety and depression.The CBT intervention modified the association between pregnancy stressors and postpartum mental health outcomes.Programmes that promote positive experiences and reduce negative experiences,especially in late pregnancy,may mitigate postpartum mental health consequences.

The Impact of the China-U.S.Game on the Future Configuration of International Security

In 2014,the China-U.S.game intensified less than during previous years,but the situation has not yet fundamentally improved.Since the end of the Cold War,there have been several security crises between China and the United States,such as the'the Taiwan Strait crisis'in 1995-1996,the'U.S.bombing of Chinese Embassy'in 1999,and the'air collision incident'in 2001,but China has successfully navigated all these crises.However,the most recent round in the Sino-U.S.game,which started in2010,is different from previous ones,because it derives from the closer security strengths of the two countries and by objective changes in

The Governance of the Chaotic International Security

After the Cold War ended, former traditional security threats withered while non-traditional ones sprouted. More recently as both traditional and non-traditional security threats bloom, concern spreads over whether international security governance can be effective. Worse still, major Western countries' zeal for global governance has cooled,while they turn from being advocates of global governance to obstacles,making the future dimmer.

Analysis of Internal Factors of the Swing States in the International Climate Change Negotiations: A Case Study of Poland in COP24

The objective of this paper is to generate insights into the role of states in the international climate change negotiations and implementation of climatic agreements by considering their internal factors based on recent climate change conferences. In this paper, the notion of swing states and recognition are used to determine influential drivers in Poland as it played out a different role over climate change agreements recently. The case study of Poland demonstrates how international obligations, domestic factors, and formation of policy can change the function of a state at international negotiations such as Katowice Conference of Parties—COP24—in December 2018. This research through reference to qualitative indices elaborates how the position of Poland in the recent international climate change negotiations—Cop24—has been shaped? In the conference of parties 24, Poland approached other developed countries that shared its tendency for cutting emission, delivered signals of political attention and solidarity in finding a common landing ground. In sum, the framework of analysis and our results revealed the importance of economic interest, domestic political interests, and passive public awareness to set up to the task in the international agreements such as Katowice negotiation by Poland. To be clearer, the most influential factor of Poland in affecting its role in international climatic negotiations is internal political and economic interests.

China's Criminal Law Reform from the Perspective of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights reflects the world’s perception of human rights, and is of vital importance in the field of international human rights. The Covenant has been signed by Chinese government. Although not ratified yet, it will definitely have an impact on the reform of China’s Criminal Law. Therefore, it is necessary to further change our notion of the criminal law system by defining the boundary between public power and civil rights and developing the view of human rights protection. In terms of the specific system, it is necessary to further reduce the number of crimes punishable by the death penalty and limit the application of the death sentence, improve China’s Criminal Procedural Law to protect the fundamental rights of suspects and defendants in terms of compulsory measures, investigation means and judicial form, and add some charges like enslavement and illegal human experimentation, which are criminalized around the world, so as to be in line with the requirements of international human rights protection.

Review of the "International Alliance of Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases with Traditional Medicine "Founding Conference

From Dec 21^(st) to 22^(nd),2020,the"International Alliance of Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases with Traditional Medicine"was officially founded by China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences as the leading unit,united with World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies,the World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies,China Association of Chinese Medicine,China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Nearly 300 officials of traditional medicine authorities and traditional medicine experts from more than 30 countries and regions including China,Thailand,Cambodia,Pakistan,the United Kingdom,and Austria attended the ceremony and the seminar.

Diagnosis and treatment of biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms: A single-center experience

Background: Biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms(BMCNs) are rare hepatobiliary cystic tumors, which can be divided into noninvasive and invasive types. This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BMCNs in a large single center. Methods: We analyzed 49 patients with BMCNs confirmed by postoperative pathology at the First Afflliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2007 and December 2021. Results: Among the 49 patients, 37 were female(75.5%), and the average age was 57.04 years. Common symptoms included abdominal discomfort, jaundice and fever, while 22 patients(44.9%) had no symptoms. Serum carbohydrate antigen(CA) 19-9 and CA125 concentrations were elevated in 34.8% and 19.6% of patients, respectively. Forty-eight patients had tumors in the intrahepatic bile ducts and only one had a tumor in the extrahepatic bile duct. Forty-eight patients with noninvasive intrahepatic BMCNs were further analyzed in terms of pathological features: 34(70.8%) had low-grade intraepithelial neoplasms(LGINs), and 14(29.2%) had high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms(HGINs). The potential immunohistochemical markers of BMCNs were cytokeratin(CK) 19, CK7, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Follow-up data for 37 patients with intrahepatic BMCNs were obtained. The median overall survival(OS) of BMCNs was not reached. The longest survival time was 137 months.The 5-and 10-year OS rates were 100% and 85.4%, respectively. The 5-and 10-year recurrence-free survival(RFS) rates were 93.9% and 80.2%, respectively. Conclusions: BMCNs are rare cystic neoplasms that commonly occur in middle-aged females. BMCNs can only be diagnosed and classified by postoperative pathology, as there are no specific clinical presentations, serological indicators or imaging modalities for preoperative diagnosis. Complete surgical resection is necessary for BMCNs, and the postoperative prognosis is favorable.

Plain language in the healthcare of Japan:a systematic review of“plain Japanese”

Objective:Despite the decrease in the number of foreign visitors and residents in Japan due to the coronavirus disease 2019,a resurgence is remarkable from 2022.However,Japan's medical support system for foreign patients,especially residents,is inadequate,with language barriers potentially causing health disparities.Comprehensive interpretation and translation services are challenging,but“plain Japanese”may be a viable alternative for foreign patients with basic Japanese language skills.This study explores the application and obstacles of plain Japanese in the medical sector.Methods:A literature review was performed across these databases:Web of Science,PubMed,Google Scholar,Scopus,CINAHL Plus,Springer Link and Ichushi-Web(Japanese medical literature).The search covered themes related to healthcare,care for foreign patients,and scholarly articles,and was conducted in July 2023.Results:The study incorporated five papers.Each paper emphasized the language barriers foreign residents in Japan face when accessing healthcare,highlighting the critical role and necessity of plain Japanese in medical environments.Most of the reports focused on the challenges of delivering medical care to foreign patients and the training of healthcare professionals in using plain Japanese for communication.Conclusion:The knowledge and application of plain Japanese among healthcare professionals are inadequate,and literature also remains scarce.With the increasing number of foreign residents in Japan,the establishment of a healthcare system that effectively uses plain Japanese is essential.However,plain Japanese may not be the optimal linguistic assistance in certain situations,thus it is imperative to encourage more research and reports on healthcare services using plain Japanese.

The Recent Development of International Exchange Market and its Effects on China

1. The Key Points of Recent Development of International Exchange Market The unusual fluctuation of international exchange market lies in the following three facts： firstly, there are irreconcilable contradictions in current international monetary system, caused by USA which is the core of cttrrent int#rnational monetary system and has been carrying out irresponsible economic policies for a long time. Secondly, thel economic structure of USA loses balance seriously. Thirdly, the balance of payments （BP） becomes a tough problem for the USA government.

Exploring the Turkic Identity of Azerbaijan’s Ethnic Groups: A Comprehensive Analysis

The Republic of Azerbaijan is home to several ethnic groups, religious communities, and nationalities that coexist in a diverse society. Understanding one of the core aspects of Azerbaijani social identity, such as its Turkic component, sheds light on this theme. There is a common sentiment widely shared in society, which assumes that ethnic and religious diversity in Azerbaijan is purely superstructural, while Turkophone is regarded mostly as something inevitable and essential, a result of historical destiny and the outcome of location. In contrast, contemplating the phenomenon of the “Turkophone identity of Azerbaijan” is paramount both in terms of contemporary assessment and with respect to historical depth and cultural relevance. Moreover, it demonstrates that the Turkic ideological context is not only crucial to articulating the Azerbaijani national mythology, but also constitutes an economic realm of today’s politics of statistics and architectonic ethnic folklore. Ethnicity, as primarily a cultural phenomenon, opens the path for the identification of the intelligentsia and small cultural elite with the upper-class elements and for the detection of the indifference of other social strata or sections to any ethnic group. Yet the Turkic mythology could not operate like a traditional integration in a thoroughly stratified Oriental society because the Caucasus societies were, and are predominantly so, underdeveloped, preclassical, or lowest-class, semi-nomadic. The Turkic identity should, in the first instance, be examined conceptually and empirically in all these layers before and rather than in small networks stretched over the whole region. Turkic heritage operates today as a necessary component of national identification in scholarly literature and in everyday policy, the Turkic ideology has become a part of the first line of national country report writing in Azerbaijan. This will be an attempt to scrutinize these links not as separate issues but as more or less dialectic contours of the same dynamic identity.

Comparison of Type I Error Rates of Siegel-Tukey and Savage Tests among Non-Parametric Tests

This study aimed to examine the performance of the Siegel-Tukey and Savage tests on data sets with heterogeneous variances. The analysis, considering Normal, Platykurtic, and Skewed distributions and a standard deviation ratio of 1, was conducted for both small and large sample sizes. For small sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. Analyses were performed using Monte Carlo simulations with 20,000 repetitions for each scenario, and the simulations were evaluated using SAS software. For small sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test generally ranged from 0.045 to 0.055, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test was observed to range from 0.016 to 0.041. Similar trends were observed for Platykurtic and Skewed distributions. In scenarios with different sample sizes, the Savage test generally exhibited lower I. type error rates. For large sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. For large sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test ranged from 0.047 to 0.052, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test ranged from 0.043 to 0.051. In cases of equal sample sizes, both tests generally had lower error rates, with the Savage test providing more consistent results for large sample sizes. In conclusion, it was determined that the Savage test provides lower I. type error rates for small sample sizes and that both tests have similar error rates for large sample sizes. These findings suggest that the Savage test could be a more reliable option when analyzing variance differences.

New Drivers of Development China’s reform and opening up has benefitted Africa in multifarious ways

Joaquim Chissano,former President of Mozambique,has said that Africa has gained much from China’s economic development,particularly due to its reform and opening up policy.China inspires African nations in their quest for national renewal and creates new development prospects through mutually beneficial cooperation.Since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000 and the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013,exchanges between the two sides have intensified.Platforms such as the China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo and the China International Import Expo have further strengthened this momentum.

Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections

Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial cells in biofilm become tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and the immune responses, which increases the difficulties for the clinical treatment of biofilm infections. Clinical and laboratory investigations demonstrated a perspicuous correlation between biofilm infection and medical foreign bodies or indwelling devices. Clinical observations and experimental studies indicated clearly that antibiotic treatment alone is in most cases insufficient to eradicate biofilm infections. Therefore, to effectively treat biofilm infections with currently available antibiotics and evaluate the outcomes become important and urgent for clinicians. The review summarizes the latest progress in treatment of clinical biofilm infections and scientific investigations, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of different biofilm infections and introduces the promising laboratory progress, which may contribute to prevention or cure of biofilm infections. We conclude that, an efficient treatment of biofilm infections needs a well-established multidisciplinary collaboration, which includes removal of the infected foreign bodies, selection of biofilm-active, sensitive and well-penetrating antibiotics, systemic or topical antibiotic administration in high dosage and combinations, and administration of anti-quorum sensing or biofilm dispersal agents.