Ship air emissions are recognized as one of the key concerns of the maritime industry.Competent authorities have issued various regulations to manage air emissions from ships.Although the authorities are policy makers...Ship air emissions are recognized as one of the key concerns of the maritime industry.Competent authorities have issued various regulations to manage air emissions from ships.Although the authorities are policy makers,the effectiveness of policies is up to the shipping industry who operates the vessels and terminals to fulfill maritime transportation works.Given this characteristic,bi-level optimization model has been widely adopted in studies that optimize policy design or evaluate its effectiveness.The framework of a typical bi-level optimization model for ship emission management problem is given to show the basic structure of similar issues.A series of applications of bi-level optimization model in managing ship emissions is reviewed,including cases of Energy Efficiency Design Index,Emissions Control Area,Market Based Measure,Carbon Intensity Indicator,and Vessel Speed Reduction Incentive Program.We hope this paper can enlighten scholars interested in this area and provide help for them.展开更多
The advent of drones is leading to a paradigm shift in courier services,while their large-scale deployment is confined by a limited range.Here,we design a low-cost product that allows drones to drop parcels onto and p...The advent of drones is leading to a paradigm shift in courier services,while their large-scale deployment is confined by a limited range.Here,we design a low-cost product that allows drones to drop parcels onto and pick them up from the roofs of moving passenger vehicles.With this,we propose a ground-air cooperation(GAC)based business model for parcel delivery in an urban environment.As per our case study using real-world data in Beijing,the new business model will not only shorten the parcel delivery time by 86.5% with a comparable cost,but also reduce road traffic by 8.6%,leading to an annual social benefit of 6.67 billion USD for Beijing.The proposed model utilizes the currently“wasted or unused”rooftops of passenger vehicles and has the potential to replace most parcel trucks and trailers,thus fundamentally addressing the congestion,noise,pollution,and road wear and tear problems caused by trucks,and bringing in immense social benefit.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72071173,71831008).
文摘Ship air emissions are recognized as one of the key concerns of the maritime industry.Competent authorities have issued various regulations to manage air emissions from ships.Although the authorities are policy makers,the effectiveness of policies is up to the shipping industry who operates the vessels and terminals to fulfill maritime transportation works.Given this characteristic,bi-level optimization model has been widely adopted in studies that optimize policy design or evaluate its effectiveness.The framework of a typical bi-level optimization model for ship emission management problem is given to show the basic structure of similar issues.A series of applications of bi-level optimization model in managing ship emissions is reviewed,including cases of Energy Efficiency Design Index,Emissions Control Area,Market Based Measure,Carbon Intensity Indicator,and Vessel Speed Reduction Incentive Program.We hope this paper can enlighten scholars interested in this area and provide help for them.
文摘The advent of drones is leading to a paradigm shift in courier services,while their large-scale deployment is confined by a limited range.Here,we design a low-cost product that allows drones to drop parcels onto and pick them up from the roofs of moving passenger vehicles.With this,we propose a ground-air cooperation(GAC)based business model for parcel delivery in an urban environment.As per our case study using real-world data in Beijing,the new business model will not only shorten the parcel delivery time by 86.5% with a comparable cost,but also reduce road traffic by 8.6%,leading to an annual social benefit of 6.67 billion USD for Beijing.The proposed model utilizes the currently“wasted or unused”rooftops of passenger vehicles and has the potential to replace most parcel trucks and trailers,thus fundamentally addressing the congestion,noise,pollution,and road wear and tear problems caused by trucks,and bringing in immense social benefit.
