In the past, the indications for varicocelectomy are primarily for infertility with abnormal semen parameters, testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in adolescents, and/or pain. The surgical treatment of varicocele for hypogo...In the past, the indications for varicocelectomy are primarily for infertility with abnormal semen parameters, testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in adolescents, and/or pain. The surgical treatment of varicocele for hypogonadism is controversial and debated. Recently, multiple reports in the literature have suggested that varicocele is associated with hypogonadism and varicocele repair can increase testosterone levels. Men with hypogonadal symptoms should have at least two serum testosterone levels. Microsurgical varicocelectomy may be beneficial for men with clinically palpable varicoceles with documented hypogonadism. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature linking varicocele to hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction and the impact of repair on serum testosterone levels. We performed a search of the published English literature. The key words used were ＂varicocele and hypogonadism＂ and ＂varicocele surgery and testosterone.＂ We included published studies after 1998. We, also, evaluated the effect of surgery on the changes in the serum testosterone level regardless of the indication for the varicocele repair.展开更多
Semen samples were collected from 1213 fertile men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy （TTP） _〈12 months in Guangdong Province in Southern China, and semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration,...Semen samples were collected from 1213 fertile men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy （TTP） _〈12 months in Guangdong Province in Southern China, and semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total counts, motility, and morphology were evaluated according to the World Health Organization （WHO） 2010 guideline. All semen parameters analyzed were normal in ~62.2% of the total samples, whereas 37.8% showed at least one of the semen parameters below normal threshold values. The fifth centiles （with 95% confidence intervals） were 1.3 （1.2-1.5） ml for semen volume, 20 x 106 （18x106- 20x106） m1-1 for sperm concentration, 40 x 106 （38x106-44x106） per ejaculate for total sperm counts, 48% （47%-53%） for vitality, 39% （36%-43%） for total motility, 25% （23%-27%） for sperm progressive motility, 5.0% （4%,5%） for normal morphology. The pH values ranged from 7.2 to 8.0 with the mean ~ standard deviation at 7.32 ~ 0.17. No effects of age and body mass index were found on semen parameters. Occupation, smoking and alcohol abuse, varicocele appeared to decrease semen quality. Sperm concentration, but not sperm morphology, is positively correlated with TTP, whereas vitality is negatively correlated with TTP. Our study provides the latest reference values for the semen parameters of Chinese fertile men in Guangdong Province, which are close to those described in the new WHO guidelines （5th Edition）.展开更多
文摘In the past, the indications for varicocelectomy are primarily for infertility with abnormal semen parameters, testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in adolescents, and/or pain. The surgical treatment of varicocele for hypogonadism is controversial and debated. Recently, multiple reports in the literature have suggested that varicocele is associated with hypogonadism and varicocele repair can increase testosterone levels. Men with hypogonadal symptoms should have at least two serum testosterone levels. Microsurgical varicocelectomy may be beneficial for men with clinically palpable varicoceles with documented hypogonadism. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature linking varicocele to hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction and the impact of repair on serum testosterone levels. We performed a search of the published English literature. The key words used were ＂varicocele and hypogonadism＂ and ＂varicocele surgery and testosterone.＂ We included published studies after 1998. We, also, evaluated the effect of surgery on the changes in the serum testosterone level regardless of the indication for the varicocele repair.
文摘Semen samples were collected from 1213 fertile men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy （TTP） _〈12 months in Guangdong Province in Southern China, and semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total counts, motility, and morphology were evaluated according to the World Health Organization （WHO） 2010 guideline. All semen parameters analyzed were normal in ~62.2% of the total samples, whereas 37.8% showed at least one of the semen parameters below normal threshold values. The fifth centiles （with 95% confidence intervals） were 1.3 （1.2-1.5） ml for semen volume, 20 x 106 （18x106- 20x106） m1-1 for sperm concentration, 40 x 106 （38x106-44x106） per ejaculate for total sperm counts, 48% （47%-53%） for vitality, 39% （36%-43%） for total motility, 25% （23%-27%） for sperm progressive motility, 5.0% （4%,5%） for normal morphology. The pH values ranged from 7.2 to 8.0 with the mean ~ standard deviation at 7.32 ~ 0.17. No effects of age and body mass index were found on semen parameters. Occupation, smoking and alcohol abuse, varicocele appeared to decrease semen quality. Sperm concentration, but not sperm morphology, is positively correlated with TTP, whereas vitality is negatively correlated with TTP. Our study provides the latest reference values for the semen parameters of Chinese fertile men in Guangdong Province, which are close to those described in the new WHO guidelines （5th Edition）.
