The immune response to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris is thought to beone of the majorcauses of osteolysis and aseptic loosening.An in-vitro methodfor the measurement of the response is necessary...The immune response to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris is thought to beone of the majorcauses of osteolysis and aseptic loosening.An in-vitro methodfor the measurement of the response is necessary in orderto priori estimate the lifespan of the implants.lt is of importance to distinguish the bioactivity of various polyethylenebiomaterials.The current research focused on the inverse culturing process,which was shown to be effective toevaluate the biological reaction of mouse macrophages and wear particles by estimating the amount of inflammatorycytokines.In this study,several improvements were carried out through trial quantification.Silicon sheet wasintroduced instead of PVC seal to remove air bubbles and to eliminate the influence of potentially-attached endotoxin.Calculations along with experiments according to Stokes'law were also performed to determine the reaction time andthe minimum particle size that can be phagocytosed by macrophages in the improved method.The authorsco-incubated mouse macrophages and polyethylene particles in different sizes,densities and molecular weights usingthe new method.The result suggests that the amount of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)generated is dosagedependent on the total surface area of particles added regardless of particle size,density and molecular weight ofpolyethylene.展开更多
Heterogeneous vehicular clustering integrates multiple types of communication networks to work efficiently for various vehicular applications.One popular form of heterogeneous network is the integration of long-term e...Heterogeneous vehicular clustering integrates multiple types of communication networks to work efficiently for various vehicular applications.One popular form of heterogeneous network is the integration of long-term evolution(LTE)and dedicated short-range communication.The heterogeneity of such a network infrastructure and the non-cooperation involved in sharing cost/data are potential problems to solve.A vehicular clustering framework is one solution to these problems,but the framework should be formally verified and validated before being deployed in the real world.To solve these issues,first,we present a het-erogeneous framework,named destination and interest-aware clustering,for vehicular clustering that integrates vehicular ad hoc networks with the LTE network for improving road traffic efficiency.Then,we specify a model system of the proposed framework.The model is formally verified to evaluate its performance at the functional level using a model checking technique.To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework at the micro-level,a heterogeneous simulation environment is created by integrating state-of-the-art tools.The comparison of the simulation results with those of other known approaches shows that our proposed framework performs better.展开更多
基金an extension of a conference paper presentedat the 10th International Biotribology Forum and the 38th Biotribology Symposium,held at Kumamoto University,Japan.
文摘The immune response to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris is thought to beone of the majorcauses of osteolysis and aseptic loosening.An in-vitro methodfor the measurement of the response is necessary in orderto priori estimate the lifespan of the implants.lt is of importance to distinguish the bioactivity of various polyethylenebiomaterials.The current research focused on the inverse culturing process,which was shown to be effective toevaluate the biological reaction of mouse macrophages and wear particles by estimating the amount of inflammatorycytokines.In this study,several improvements were carried out through trial quantification.Silicon sheet wasintroduced instead of PVC seal to remove air bubbles and to eliminate the influence of potentially-attached endotoxin.Calculations along with experiments according to Stokes'law were also performed to determine the reaction time andthe minimum particle size that can be phagocytosed by macrophages in the improved method.The authorsco-incubated mouse macrophages and polyethylene particles in different sizes,densities and molecular weights usingthe new method.The result suggests that the amount of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)generated is dosagedependent on the total surface area of particles added regardless of particle size,density and molecular weight ofpolyethylene.
基金the European Project H2020(No.H2020-MG-2018-2019-2020,ENDURUNS).Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature。
文摘Heterogeneous vehicular clustering integrates multiple types of communication networks to work efficiently for various vehicular applications.One popular form of heterogeneous network is the integration of long-term evolution(LTE)and dedicated short-range communication.The heterogeneity of such a network infrastructure and the non-cooperation involved in sharing cost/data are potential problems to solve.A vehicular clustering framework is one solution to these problems,but the framework should be formally verified and validated before being deployed in the real world.To solve these issues,first,we present a het-erogeneous framework,named destination and interest-aware clustering,for vehicular clustering that integrates vehicular ad hoc networks with the LTE network for improving road traffic efficiency.Then,we specify a model system of the proposed framework.The model is formally verified to evaluate its performance at the functional level using a model checking technique.To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework at the micro-level,a heterogeneous simulation environment is created by integrating state-of-the-art tools.The comparison of the simulation results with those of other known approaches shows that our proposed framework performs better.
