Comparison of serum reproductive hormones, antioxidants, PGE2 and PGF2-α between primary and secondary infertile women in Calabar

Objective:To compare the prolactin, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, antisperm antibodies, tumor necrosis factorα, total antioxidant capacity, prostaglandin E2 and F2α between primary and secondary infertile women in Calabar.Methods:One hundred and two volunteers infertile women (test group), aged 20-45 years attending the infertility clinic in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) were recruited. Fourteen of the women had primary infertility while 88 of them had secondary infertility. Sixty apparently healthy, age matched women served as the control group. Five millilitres of blood was collected, allowed to clot and serum was obtained from the subjects and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method was used for prolactin, progesterone, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prostaglandin E2and F2α, human TNF-α,Chlamydia trachomatis IgG, antisperm antibodies assay, while serum total antioxidant capacity was assessed spectrophotometrically.Results:The result shows on comparison that primary infertile women has a significantly higher level of progesterone than those with secondary infertility (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in the levels of prolactin and total antioxidant capacity in the primary and secondary infertility when compare to the control group atP>0.05. Their mean ages were (31.10±5.37) years and (33.10±4.91) years respectively. There was a positive correlation between TAC and FSH, TNF and anti-sperm anti-bodies in the test group ofr=0.207 andr=0.632;P>0.05 respectively.Conclusions: These findings suggest no alterations in levels of prostaglandin F2α, TNF and anti-oxidant between primary and secondary infertile females.

Cardiac Markers: An Index in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients in Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Region, South of Nigeria

Background and Objective: Patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to be at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence and incidence of DM patients with heart diseases is unknown in Yenagoa and its environ of Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The study, with the tool of cardiac markers, investigated the incidence of CVD in chronic and non-chronic DM patients and compared the prevalence in both male and female subjects with respect to the duration of illness. The study sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of cardiac markers to evaluate the diabetic subjects and the goals of screening are to improve life expectancy and quality of life by preventing Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure through the early detection of significant CVD. Study Design and Methods: A total of 356 type 2 DM patients were recruited for the study. They are diabetic patients that presented with symptoms of CVD. They were grouped into 135 DM patients that have suffered the Diabetes for less than 10 years, 119 for 10 - 20 years and 102 for 21 and above years. The plasma levels of the Cardiac Markers, Troponin I (CTnI), Troponin T (cTnT), Creatine Kinase (CK-MB), Myoglobin (MYO) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in the subjects. The method of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) was used in the measurement of CTn1, CTnT and MYO. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to determine the CK-MB and LDH. Results: Analysis of the results has shown that 14.33% of the studied subjects were diagnosed of various CVD and were statistically significant (p Conclusion: The tools of cardiac markers can be used in the diagnosis/assessment of CVD in type 2 DM patients. The risk of developing CVD is more in females than the male subjects that are suffering from type 2 DM and those with long duration of the illness in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Region, South of Nigeria.