Noninvasive techniques,surface electromyography(sEMG)in particular,are being increasingly employed for assessing muscle activity.In these studies,local oxygen consumption and muscle metabolism are of great interest.Me...Noninvasive techniques,surface electromyography(sEMG)in particular,are being increasingly employed for assessing muscle activity.In these studies,local oxygen consumption and muscle metabolism are of great interest.Measurements can be performed noninvasively using optics-based methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).By combining energy con-sumption data provided by NIRS with muscle level activation data from sEMG,we may gain an insight into the metabolic and functional characteristics of muscle tissue.However,muscle mo-tion may induce artifacts into EMG and NIRS.Thus,the inclusion of simultaneous motion measurements using accelerometers(ACMs)enhances possibilities to perceive the effects of motion on NIRS and EMG signals.This paper reviews the current state of noninvasive EMG and NIRS-based methods used to study muscle function.In addition,we built a combined sEMG/NIRS/ACM sensor to perform simultaneous measurements for static and dynamic exercises of a biceps brachii muscle.Further,we discuss the effect of muscle motion in response of NIRS and EMG when measured noninva-sively.Based on our preliminary studies,both NIRS and EMG supply specific information on muscle activation,but their signal responses also showed similarities with acceleration signals which,in this case,were supposed to be solely sensitive to motions.展开更多
Objective of this study was to develope low temperature sol-gel coatings for shape memory metal (NiTi) and evaluate their biocompatibility on NiTi suture material. A series of low temperature TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 sol-ge...Objective of this study was to develope low temperature sol-gel coatings for shape memory metal (NiTi) and evaluate their biocompatibility on NiTi suture material. A series of low temperature TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel coatings were prepared on glass substrates. The silica content of TiO2-SiO2 coatings ranged from 0 to 30 mol%. The coatings were also prepared with polyethyleneglycol (PEG). The contact angle and photocatalytic activity measurements were used to evaluate the surface properties of the coatings. Stability of the coatings was tested in simulated body fluid (SBF). The TiO2-SiO2 90/10 film made with PEG was more hydrophilic, showed photocatalytic activity and was crack-free after the SBF test, thus it was chosen to animal experiment as a new experimental coating. Uncoated NiTi suture and the suture coated with high temperature TiO2 were used as reference materials. NiTi sutures were inserted subcutaneously on the back of rat for four weeks. In routine histological examinations all materials showed good biocompatibility with mild inflammatory cell reaction. No significant differences in the soft tissue response among the materials were observed. Both the high and new low temperature processed sol-gel coatings remained attached on the sutures confirming the suitability of the coating technique on thin NiTi sutures.展开更多
文摘Noninvasive techniques,surface electromyography(sEMG)in particular,are being increasingly employed for assessing muscle activity.In these studies,local oxygen consumption and muscle metabolism are of great interest.Measurements can be performed noninvasively using optics-based methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).By combining energy con-sumption data provided by NIRS with muscle level activation data from sEMG,we may gain an insight into the metabolic and functional characteristics of muscle tissue.However,muscle mo-tion may induce artifacts into EMG and NIRS.Thus,the inclusion of simultaneous motion measurements using accelerometers(ACMs)enhances possibilities to perceive the effects of motion on NIRS and EMG signals.This paper reviews the current state of noninvasive EMG and NIRS-based methods used to study muscle function.In addition,we built a combined sEMG/NIRS/ACM sensor to perform simultaneous measurements for static and dynamic exercises of a biceps brachii muscle.Further,we discuss the effect of muscle motion in response of NIRS and EMG when measured noninva-sively.Based on our preliminary studies,both NIRS and EMG supply specific information on muscle activation,but their signal responses also showed similarities with acceleration signals which,in this case,were supposed to be solely sensitive to motions.
基金supported in part by the National Technology Agency of Finland(40222/05,40171/06)supported by the Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Graduate School in Finland
文摘Objective of this study was to develope low temperature sol-gel coatings for shape memory metal (NiTi) and evaluate their biocompatibility on NiTi suture material. A series of low temperature TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel coatings were prepared on glass substrates. The silica content of TiO2-SiO2 coatings ranged from 0 to 30 mol%. The coatings were also prepared with polyethyleneglycol (PEG). The contact angle and photocatalytic activity measurements were used to evaluate the surface properties of the coatings. Stability of the coatings was tested in simulated body fluid (SBF). The TiO2-SiO2 90/10 film made with PEG was more hydrophilic, showed photocatalytic activity and was crack-free after the SBF test, thus it was chosen to animal experiment as a new experimental coating. Uncoated NiTi suture and the suture coated with high temperature TiO2 were used as reference materials. NiTi sutures were inserted subcutaneously on the back of rat for four weeks. In routine histological examinations all materials showed good biocompatibility with mild inflammatory cell reaction. No significant differences in the soft tissue response among the materials were observed. Both the high and new low temperature processed sol-gel coatings remained attached on the sutures confirming the suitability of the coating technique on thin NiTi sutures.
