Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric cancer? A review of the epidemiological,meta-analytic, and experimental evidence

Since the discovery of Carnpylobacter-like organisms （Helicobacter pylori） more than two decades ago the possibility of a relationship with gastric cancer has been postulated, tested and supposedly proven. There have been numerous human studies of various designs from many countries around the world. Several meta-analyses have been published and more recently a small number of experimental animal studies were reported looking at the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Over the years, the human epidemiological studies have produced conflicting results; the metaanalyses have as one would expect produced similar pooled estimates; while the early experimental animal studies require replication. The exact mechanisms by which H pylori might cause gastric cancer are still under investigation and remain to be elucidated.

Helicobacter pylori serology in a birth cohort of New Zealanders from age 11 to 26

AIM: To determine seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hpylori)in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (DMHDS) at age 26 in order to investigate seroconversion and seroreversion from age 11 to 26 and the association of seropositivity with risk factors for H pylori infection. METHODS: Participants in the DMHDS at age 26 and retrospectively at age 21 were tested for H pylori antibodies using two commercially available ELISA kits.Gender, socioeconomic status (SES), smoking,educational attainment and employment at age 26 were tested for association with H pylori seropositivity. RESULTS: At ages 21 and 26,seroprevalence of H pylori using one or other kit was 4.2% (n=795) and 6.3% (n=871) respectively, Seroreversion rate was lower than seroconversion rate (0.11% vs 0.53% per person-year) in contrast to the period from age 11 to 21 when seroreversion rate exceeded seroconversion rate (0.35% vs 0.11% per person-year). Serology in those tested at ages 11, 21, and 26 remained unchanged in 93.6% of the sample. Seroprevalence at age 26 was lower among those with a secondary school qualification (P=0.042) but was not associated with gender, SES, smoking or employment status. CONCLUSION: H pylori seroprevalence in a New Zealand birth cohort remains low between ages 11 and 26. H pylori infection remains stable from childhood to adulthood although seroreversion seems to be more common in the adolescent years than in young adults.

影响糖尿病患者心血管危险因素集簇现象的因素

目的 分析影响糖尿病患者多种心血管危险因素集簇现象的因素。方法 调查 6 54例糖尿病患者并发症情况和血糖、胰岛素、HbA1c、胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL 胆固醇、HDL 胆固醇、体重指数、腰围、臀围以及腰臀围比值等因素 ,采用HOMA公式计算出胰岛素抵抗指数。按照并存心血管危险因素 (高血压、全身性肥胖、中心性肥胖、高胆固醇血症、低HDL 胆固醇血症 )数量 ,进行分析。结果 并有 3种以上的心血管危险因素明显地高于随机的单一因素并存的计算预测值 ,餐后胰岛素水平和胰岛素面积随危险因素的增加而增加。采用有性别差异的全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖的诊断标准 ,女性糖尿病患者有更多的心血管危险因素。如果采用男女性别相同的诊断标准 ,这种并存多种心血管危险因素的性别差异则消失。多数患者的这些危险因素未得到良好的控制。结论 糖尿病多种心血管危险因素集簇是常见的 。