A high quality surface finish grinding process to produce total reflection mirror for x-ray fluorescence analysis

Total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis is applied to trace element detection in liquid for effective environmental monitoring.This analytical approach requires x-ray total reflection mirrors.In order to achieve high sensitivity element detection,the mirrors require high surface quality for high x-ray reflectivity.Surface finishing for x-ray mirrors is typically conducted through a series of abrasive processes,such as grinding and polishing,and is thus time consuming.The purpose of this study is to streamline and enhance the surface finishing process based on unique high quality grinding techniques for the production of x-ray total reflection mirrors.

Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)can be improved by utilizing efficient front contact.However,it has always been a significant challenge for fabricating high-quality,scalable,controllable,and cost-effective front contact.This study proposes a realistic multi-layer front contact design to realize efficient single-junction PSCs and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells(TSCs).As a critical part of the front contact,we prepared a highly compact titanium oxide(TiO2)film by industrially viable Spray Pyrolysis Deposition(SPD),which acts as a potential electron transport layer(ETL)for the fabrication of PSCs.Optimization and reproducibility of the TiO2 ETL were discreetly investigated while fabricating a set of planar PSCs.As the front contact has a significant influence on the optoelectronic properties of PSCs,hence,we investigated the optics and electrical effects of PSCs by three-dimensional(3D)finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)and finite element method(FEM)rigorous simulations.The investigation allows us to compare experimental results with the outcome from simulations.Furthermore,an optimized single-junction PSC is designed to enhance the energy conversion efficiency(ECE)by>30% compared to the planar reference PSC.Finally,the study has been progressed to the realization of all-perovskite TSC that can reach the ECE,exceeding 30%.Detailed guidance for the completion of high-performance PSCs is provided.

Integration of body-mounted ultrasoft organic solar cell on cyborg insects with intact mobility

Cyborg insects have been proposed for applications such as urban search and rescue.Body-mounted energy-harvesting devices are critical for expanding the range of activity and functionality of cyborg insects.However,their power outputs are limited to less than 1 mW,which is considerably lower than those required for wireless locomotion control.The area and load of the energy harvesting device considerably impair the mobility of tiny robots.Here,we describe the integration of an ultrasoft organic solar cell module on cyborg insects that preserves their motion abilities.Our quantified system design strategy,developed using a combination of ultrathin film electronics and an adhesive-nonadhesive interleaving structure to perform basic insect motion,successfully achieved the fundamental locomotion of traversing and self-righting.The body-mounted ultrathin organic solar cell module achieves a power output of 17.2 mW.We demonstrate its feasibility by displaying the recharging wireless locomotion control of cyborg insects.

Cell-Based Microfluidic Device Utilizing Cell Sheet Technology

The developmentof microelectromechanical systems hasresulted in the rapid development of polydimethylpolysiloxane(PDMS)microfluidic devices for drug screening models.Various cell functions,such as the response of endothelial cells to fluids,have beenelucdated using microuidic devices.Additionlly,organon-achip systems that includeorgans that are importantfor biologicalcirculation,such as the heart,liver,pancreas,kidneys,and brain,have been developed.These organs realize the biologicalcirculation system in a manner that cannot be reproduced by artificial organs;however,the flow channels between the organsare often artifically created by PDMS.In this study,we developeda microfluidic device consisting only of cels,by combiningcell sheet technology with microtitanium wires.Microwires were placed between stacked fibroblast cellsheets,and the celisheets adhered to each other,afer which the microwires were removed leaving a luminal structure with a size approximatelyequal to the arteriolar size.The lumen structure was constructed using wires with diameters of 50,100,150,and 200μm,which were approximations of the arteriole diameters.Furthermore using a perfusion device,we successfully perfused theluminal structure created inside the celsheets.The results revealed that a aulture solution can be supplied toa cellsheet witha very high cell density.The biofabrication technology proposed in this study can contribute to the development of organ-on-a-chip systems.