Britanin–a beacon of hope against gastrointestinal tumors?

Britanin is a bioactive sesquiterpene lactone known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties.It also exhibits significant anti-tumor activity,suppressing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.The current body of research on Britanin includes thirty papers predominantly related to neoplasms,the majority of which are gastrointestinal tumors that have not been summarized before.To drive academic debate,the present paper reviews the available research on Britanin in gastrointestinal tumors.It also outlines novel research directions using data not directly concerned with the digestive system,but which could be adopted in future gastrointestinal research.Britanin was found to counteract liver,colorectal,pancreatic,and gastric tumors,by regulating proliferation,apoptosis,autophagy,immune response,migration,and angiogenesis.As confirmed in pancreatic,gastric,and liver cancer,its most commonly noted molecular effects include nuclear factor kappa B and B-cell lymphoma 2 downregulation,as well as Bcl-2-associated X protein upregulation.Moreover,it has been found to induce the Akt kinase and Forkhead box O1 axis,activate the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway,elevate interleukin-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γlevels,reduce interleukin-10,as well as downregulate matrix metalloproteinase-9,Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1,and cyclooxygenase-2.It also inhibits Myc–HIF1αinteraction and programmed death ligand 1 transcription by interrupting the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 signaling.Future research should aim to unravel the link between Britanin and acetylcholinesterase,mast cells,osteolysis,and ischemia,as compelling data have been provided by studies outside the gastrointestinal context.Since the cytotoxicity of Britanin on noncancerous cells is significantly lower than that on tumor cells,while still being effective against the latter,further in-depth studies with the use of animal models are merited.The compound exhibits pleiotropic biological activity and offers considerable promise as an anti-cancer agent,which may address the current paucity of treatment options and high mortality rate among patients with gastrointestinal tumors.

Revisiting the standards of cancer detection and therapy alongside their comparison to modern methods

In accordance with the World Health Organization data,cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases.An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally,emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue.The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient;this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy.Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization.Thus,there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy,elastography,synthetic biosensors,fluorescence imaging,and reflectance confocal microscopy.Conventional therapeutic methods,although still common in clinical practice,pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory.Nowadays,there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy,exosome-based therapy,nanotechnology,dendritic cells,chimeric antigen receptors,immune checkpoint inhibitors,natural product-based therapy,tumor-treating fields,and photodynamic therapy.The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions.As evidenced,modern methods are not without drawbacks;there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity,specificity,safety,and efficacy.Nevertheless,an appropriate route has been taken,as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.

Phenotypic and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies of Proteus mirabilis Isolates from Fresh Water Fishes in FCT, Abuja-Nigeria

Our study was carried out to determine the phenotypic characterization antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis from fish in FCT, Abuja using isolation, selective plating, preliminary observation, complete biochemical method and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The biochemical tests conducted includes include Citrate Utilization test, Triple Sugar Iron test, Urea test, Methyl Red test, Indole test, and Voges Proskauer test. The isolates were confirmed by MicrobactTMGNB24E identification kit (Oxiod, UK). A total of 400 fish samples were bought in the market from three area council of the FCT. The result of the study showed overall prevalence rate of (13) 3.25% of Proteus mirabilis isolates. Distribution based on Area councils showed that AMAC had higher prevalence rate of 4.81%, while Bwari had 2.99% and Gwagwalada with 2.57% prevalence. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the modified single disc diffusion method. From the antimicrobial susceptibility testing done it was discovered that Proteus mirabilis are resistant to Amoxyclav (100%), Erythromycin (92.3%), Tetracycline (92.3%) and Ceftriaxone (23.1%). However, the isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin (100%), Netillin (92.3%), Levofloxacin (92.3%), Ceftazidime (76.9%), Co-trimoxazole (69.2%) and Gentamicin (61.5%). Since Proteus mirabilis sources of zoonotic diseases and can potentially be dangerous to humans and other animals, our research was able to isolate it from fresh water fish sold in the Federal Capital Territory. This makes public health awareness of the risks associated with Proteus mirabilis in Nigeria necessary.

Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis

A large body of experimental and clinical data supports the notion that inflammation in acute pancreatitis has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of local and systemic damage and is a major determinant of clinical severity. Thus, research has recently focused on molecules that can regulate the inflammatory processes, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), a family of lipid and protein kinases involved in intracellular signal transduction. Studies using genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibitors of different PI3K isoforms, in particular the class I PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ, have contributed to a greater understanding of the roles of these kinases in the modulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Recent data suggest that PI3Ks are also involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, and in particular of the class IB PI3Kγ isoform, has a significant role in those events which are necessary for the initiation of acute pancreatic injury, namely calcium signaling alteration, trypsinogen activation, and nuclear factor-κB transcription. Moreover, PI3Kγ is instrumental in modulating acinar cell apoptosis, and regulating local neutrophil infiltration and systemic inflammatory responses during the course of experimental acute pancreatitis. The availability of PI3K inhibitors selective for specific isoforms may provide new valuable therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical course of this disease. This article presents a brief summary of PI3K structure and function, and highlights recent advances that implicate PI3Ks in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.

Orthotopic induction of CH157MN convexity and skull base meningiomas into nude mice using stereotactic surgery and MRI characterization

Meningioma in vivo research is hampered by the difficulty of establishing an easy and reproducible orthotopic model able to mimic the characteristics of a human meningioma. Moreover, leptomeningeal dissemination and high mortality are often associated with such orthotopical models, making them useless for clinical translation studies. An optimized method for inducing meningiomas in nude mice at two different sites is described in this paper and the high reproducibility and low mortality of the models are demonstrated. Skull base meningiomas were induced in the auditory meatus and convexity meningiomas were induced on the brain surface of 23 and 24 nude mice, respectively. Both models led to the development of a mass easily observable by imaging methods. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI was used as a tool to monitor and characterize the pathology onset and progression. At the end of the study, histology was performed to confirm the neoplastic origin of the diseased mass.

Construction,expression and binding specificity of bispecific CD3×VEGFR-2 and CD3×NCAM antibodies in the single chain and diabody format

Bispecific antibodies are recombinant proteins with novel immunological properties and therapeutic potential. Recombinant protein quality and activity of several bispecific antibodies comprising different variable domain combinations with respect to the parental monospecific single chain fragments (scFv) were evaluated after expression in bacteria or mammalian cells. The parental scFv proteins humanized anti-NCAM scFv, murine anti-VEGFR-2 scFv, murine and humanized anti-CD3 scFv, respectively, could successfully be expressed in E. coli, whereas the murine anti-NCAM scFv version could not be reliably detected. Bispecific CD3 × VEGFR-2 and CD3 × NCAM anti-bodies were expressed in the bispecific single chain and the single chain diabody format. However, the diabody derived from the murine anti-NCAM scFv could not efficiently be expressed in E. coli or in mammalian cells. Significant binding of the CD3 × NCAM single chain diabody comprising the humanized version of anti-CD3 and humanized version of anti-NCAM was efficient to both antigens. Nevertheless, binding of the bispecific single chain version to the NCAM antigen was inefficient in comparison to CD3 binding. In conclusion, the data could indicate that the result of scFv expression in bacteria may be predictive for the chances of success for functional expression of more complex bispecific derivatives.

补体系统及其糖基化

补体系统是固有免疫系统的重要组成部分,同时也是连接固有免疫和适应性免疫系统的重要桥梁.补体系统由30多种蛋白质组成,且其中绝大多数都经过糖基化修饰.近年来对补体系统的研究,不断揭示出补体系统在抗击病原微生物入侵和维持有机体生理稳态过程中发挥着重要作用.然而补体系统需要严格的调控,不论是激活不足、抑或是过度激活都可能引起疾病的发生.本文概述了近年来对于补体系统的激活、调控和功能研究的最新进展,并首次从糖生物学角度对补体系统蛋白质组分的糖链结构及糖链对相应蛋白质功能的影响进行了综述和小结.

Tumour suppressor HLJ1: A potential diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality throughout the world. Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all diagnosed lung cancers. Despite considerable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the overall 5-year survival rate of NSCLC patients remains lower than 15%. The most common causes of death in lung cancer patients are treatment failure and metastasis. Therefore, developing novel strategies that target both tumour growth and metastasis is an important and urgent mission for the next generation of anticancer therapy research. Heat shock proteins(HSPs), which are involved in the fundamental defence mechanism for maintaining cellular viability, are markedly activated during environmen-tal or pathogenic stress. HSPs facilitate rapid cell division, metastasis, and the evasion of apoptosis in cancer development. These proteins are essential players in the development of cancer and are prime therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for HLJ1's role in lung cancer carcinogenesis and progression. HLJ1, a member of the human HSP 40 family, has been characterised as a tumour suppressor. Research studies have also reported that HLJ1 shows promising dual anticancer effects, inhibiting both tumour growth and metastasis in NSCLC. The accumulated evidence suggests that HLJ1 is a potential biomarker and treatment target for NSCLC.

抗欧亚活血丹凝集素特异性多克隆抗体的制备(英文)

欧亚活血丹外源凝集素(Gleheda)是分离自欧亚活血丹 (Glechoma hederacea) 叶片中的一种糖基化植物新蛋白. 如同其他糖基化蛋白,通过免疫学方法探测 Gleheda 的过程中通常受到一些不相干糖蛋白的妨碍,为此制定了抗 Gleheda 特异性多克隆抗体的纯化方案. 免疫血清蛋白经硫酸铵选择性沉淀后,分别以 Gleheda 和刺槐外源凝集蛋白 (RPA) 结合在 Sepharose 4B作为亲和配体,采用亲和层析法连续纯化 2 次,然后进一步采用离子交换层析 Q Fast Flow 提纯. 经每一步骤提纯得到的抗体组分对 Gleheda 的特异性,均同时采用双向免疫扩散检验和 Western blot 分析. 结果表明,以 Gleheda 为配体,亲和纯化制备得到的抗体组分对叶片粗提物中的许多植物 (糖) 蛋白仍然表现交叉反应. 为除去由植物糖蛋白中的聚糖所引起这些非特异性交叉反应抗体,接着以 RPA 为配体再次进行亲和纯化,Western blot 分析显示,抗体的特异性得到提高但并非除去了所有非特异性交叉反应的抗体. 最后进一步采用离子交换层析制备得到仅抗 Gleheda 蛋白的特异性抗体组分,此抗体组分适用于免疫探测研究. 该抗体纯化制备程序简易而高效,而且不需要昂贵的设备.

核糖体失活蛋白及其在黄瓜中的表达分析（英文）

核糖体失活蛋白是一类具有高度特异性r RNA N-糖苷酶活性的蛋白,它们能够使原核或真核细胞的核糖体失活因而具有细胞毒性.由于其独特的生物学性质,核糖体失活蛋白被认为在农业和医学中都有着巨大的应用潜力.我们之前的研究表明,黄瓜的基因组中共包含2个2类核糖体失活蛋白基因,分别命名为Cumsa AB1和Cumsa AB2.以蓖麻毒蛋白Ricin为代表,2类核糖体失活蛋白通常由2条二硫键连接的肽链组成:具有N-糖苷酶活性的A链与具有凝集素活性的B链.本文研究了黄瓜中核糖体失活蛋白的表达情况.亚细胞定位研究表明Cumsa AB1经过蛋白分泌通路表达于细胞外,这与蛋白质序列分析显示的Cumsa AB1包含一个信号肽而不含转膜区域相一致.对黄瓜的不同生长阶段的不同组织中的转录水平分析表明,Cumsa AB1在大部分组织中以极低的水平表达,而Cumsa AB2表达水平则明显更高,尤其在第一片真叶阶段和刚开花的植物中.最后,我们使用分子模拟对黄瓜中核糖体失活蛋白的结构及糖结合位点进行了分析.本研究对黄瓜中核糖体失活蛋白的亚细胞定位、表达水平和可能的蛋白质结构进行了研究,为其进一步的生物学功能研究提供了重要信息.

Interplay between ABA and GA Modulates the Timing of Asymmetric Cell Divisions in the Arabidopsis Root Ground Tissue

In multicellular organisms, controlling the timing and extent of asymmetric cell divisions （ACDs） is crucial for correct patterning. During post-embryonic root development in Arabidopsis thaliana, ground tissue （GT） maturation involves an additional ACD of the endodermis, which generates two different tissues： the endo- dermis （inner） and the middle cortex （outer）. It has been reported that the abscisic acid （ABA） and gibberellin （GA） pathways are involved in middle cortex （MC） formation. However, the molecular mechanisms under- lying the interaction between ABA and GA during GT maturation remain largely unknown. Through transcriptome analyses, we identified a previously uncharacterized C2H2-type zinc finger gene, whose expression is regulated by GA and ABA, thus named GAZ （GA- AND ABA-RESPONSIVE ZINC FINGER）. Seedlings ectopically overexpressing GAZ （GAZ-OX） were sensitive to ABA and GA during MC formation, whereas GAZ-SRDX and RNAi seedlings displayed opposite phenotypes. In addition, our results indicated that GAZ was involved in the transcriptional regulation of ABA and GA homeostasis. In agreement with pre- vious studies that ABA and GA coordinate to control the timing of MC formation, we also confirmed the unique interplay between ABA and GA and identified factors and regulatory networks bridging the two hor- mone pathways during GT maturation of the Arabidopsis root.

Ferritin acts as a target site for the snowdrop lectin （GNA） in the midgut of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis

The snowdrop lectin GNA （Galanthus nivalis agglutinin） has been shown to possess insecticidal activity to a range of economically important insect pests. However, the precise mechanism of insecticidal action of GNA against insects remains unknown. In this investigation, we attempted to purify and identify receptor（s） responsible for binding of GNA in the larval midgut of a major lepidopteran pest （the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis） to better understand its mode of action. Therefore, cytoplasmic as well as membrane proteins from 800 larval midguts were chromatographed on a column with immobilized GNA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the proteins eluted from the GNA column followed by sequencing of the GNA-binding proteins and BLAST analyses revealed that the N-terminal sequences of a 24 kDa polypeptide purified from the cytoplasmic and membrane protein fraction revealed sequence similarity to sequences encoding heavy chain homologs of ferritin from Manduca sexta （76% sequence identity）, Calpodes ethlius （80% sequence identity） and Bombyx mori （61% sequence identity）. Furthermore, the N-terminal sequence of a 31 kDa polypeptide from the membrane protein fraction showed sequence similarity to a light chain homolog of ferritin from Manduca sexta （88% sequence identity）.

Emerging role of the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma in liver metabolic diseases

Estrogen-related receptor gamma(ERRg)is one of three members of the ERR family and remains an orphan,as there are no known natural ligands.ERRg is an inducible transcription factor,and its ligandindependent transcriptional activity is regulated by co-regulator interactions and post-transcriptional modifications.Recent findings from animal models show that ERRg,as a downstream mediator of multiple extracellular signals,plays a key role in coordinating endocrine and metabolic signals,resulting in changes in glucose,alcohol,lipid,and iron metabolism in the liver.Therefore,dysregulation of this receptor contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia,insulin resistance,and alcoholic liver injury.Interestingly,ERRg is also involved in responses to bacterial infection.These findings establish the importance of ERRg in the endocrine and metabolic control of liver metabolism,and suggest that ERRg may be a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases of the liver.

The power of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in liquid biopsies

In the last decades,progresses in medical oncology have ameliorated the treatment of patients and their outcome.However,further improvements are still necessary,in particular for certain types of tumors such as pancreatic,gastric,and lung cancer as well as acute myeloid leukemia where early detection and monitoring of the disease are crucial for final patient outcome.Liquid biopsy represents a great advance in the field because it is less invasive,less time-consuming,and safer compared to classical biopsies and it can be useful to monitor the evolution of the disease as well as the response of patients to therapy.Liquid biopsy allows the detection of circulating tumor cells,nucleic acids,and exosomes not only in blood but also in different biological fluids:urine,saliva,pleural effusions,cerebrospinal fluid,and stool.Among the potential biomarkers detectable in liquid biopsies,microRNAs(miRNAs)are gaining more and more attention,since they are easily detectable,quite stable in biological fluids,and show high sensitivity.Many data demonstrate that miRNAs alone or in combination with other biomarkers could improve the diagnostic and prognostic power for many different tumors.Despite this,standardization of methods,sample preparation,and analysis remain challenging and a huge effort should be made to address these issues before miRNA biomarkers can enter the clinic.This review summarizes the main findings in the field of circulating miRNAs in both solid and hematological tumors.

The dark side of immunotherapy:pancreatic cancer

Since the journal Science deemed cancer immunotherapy as the“breakthrough of the year”in 2014,there has been an explosion of clinical trials involving immunotherapeutic approaches that,in the last decade-thanks also to the renaissance of the immunosurveillance theory(renamed the three Es theory)-have been continuously and successfully developed.In the latest update of the development of the immuno-oncology drug pipeline,published last November by Nature Review Drug Discovery,it was clearly reported that the immunoactive drugs under study almost doubled in just two years.Of the different classes of passive and active immunotherapies,“cell therapy”is the fastest growing.The aim of this review is to discuss the preclinical and clinical studies that have focused on different immuno-oncology approaches applied to pancreatic cancer,which we assign to the“dark side”of immunotherapy,in the sense that it represents one of the solid tumors showing less response to this type of therapeutic strategy.

Production of a polyclonal antibody to the VP26 nucleocapsid protein of white spot syndrome virus （wssv） and its use as a biosensor

White spot syndrome virus （WSSV） is a major cause of high mortality in cultured shrimp all over the world. VP26 is one of the structural proteins of WSSV that is assumed to assist in recognizing its host and assists the viral nucleocapsid to move toward the nucleus of the host cell. The objective of this work was to produce a polyclonal antibody against VP26 and use it as a biosensor. The recombinant VP26 protein （rVP26） was produced in E. coli （BL21）, purified and used for immunizing rabbits to obtain a polyclonal antibody. Western blot analysis confirmed that the antiserum had a specific immunoreac- tivity to the VP26 of WSSV. This VP26 antiserum was immobilized onto a gold electrode for use as the sensing surface to detect WSSV under a flow injection system. The impedance change in the presence of VP26 was monitored in real time. The sensitivity linear range of 160 160000 of the biosensor was in the copies of WSSV, indicating that it is good and sensitive for analysis of WSSV. The specificity of the biosensor was supported by the observation that no impedance change was detected even at high concentrations when using Yellow Head Virus （YHV）. This biosensor may be applied to monitor the amount of WSSV in water during shrimp cultivation.

Pilot Study on the Intercalibration of a Categorisation System for FAlRer Digital Objects Related to Sensitive Data in the Life Sciences

Sharing sensitive data is a specific challenge for research infrastructures in the field of life sciences.For that reason a toolbox has been developed,providing resources for researchers who wish to share and use sensitive data,to support the workflows for handling these kinds of digital objects.Common and community approved annotations are required to be compliant with FAIR principles(Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability,Reusability).The toolbox makes use of a tagging(categorisation)system,allowing consistent labelling and categorisation of digital objects,in terms relevant to data sharing tasks and activities.A pilot study was performed within the Horizon 2020 project EOSC-Life,in which 2 experts from 6 life sciences research infrastructures were recruited to independently assign tags to the same set of 10 to 25 resources related to sensitive data management and data sharing(in total 110).Summary statistics of agreement and observer variation per research infrastructure are provided.The pilot study has shown that experts were able to attribute tags but in most cases with a considerable observer variation between experts.In the context of CWFR(Canonical Workflow Frameworks for Research),this indicates the necessity for careful definition,evaluation and validation of parameters and processes related to workflow descriptions.The results from this pilot study were used to tackle this issue by revising the categorisation system and providing an updated version.

Fungal diversity notes 1151-1276:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa,as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide.This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series,in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla,six classes,24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated.Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China,India and Thailand,as well as in some other European,North American and South American countries.Taxa described in the present study include two new families,12 new genera,82 new species,five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports.The two new families are Eriomycetaceae(Dothideomycetes,family incertae sedis)and Fasciatisporaceae(Xylariales,Sordariomycetes).The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Camporesiomyces(Tubeufiaceae),Eriocamporesia(Cryphonectriaceae),Eriomyces(Eriomycetaceae),Neomonodictys(Pleurotheciaceae),Paraloratospora(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Paramonodictys(Parabambusicolaceae),Pseudoconlarium(Diaporthomycetidae,genus incertae sedis),Pseudomurilentithecium(Lentitheciaceae),Setoapiospora(Muyocopronaceae),Srinivasanomyces(Vibrisseaceae)and Xenoanthostomella(Xylariales,genera incertae sedis).The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense,Adustochaete nivea,Angustimassarina camporesii,Bhagirathimyces himalayensis,Brunneoclavispora camporesii,Camarosporidiella camporesii,Camporesiomyces mali,Camposporium appendiculatum,Camposporium multiseptatum,Camposporium septatum,Canalisporium aquaticium,Clonostachys eriocamporesiana,Clonostachys eriocamporesii,Colletotrichum hederiicola,Coniochaeta vineae,Conioscypha verrucosa,Cortinarius ainsworthii,Cortinarius aurae,Cortinarius britannicus,Cortinarius heatherae,Cortinarius scoticus,Cortinarius subsaniosus,Cytospora fusispora,Cytospora rosigena,Diaporthe camporesii,Diaporthe nigra,Diatrypella yunnanensis,Dictyosporium muriformis,Didymella camporesii,Diutina bernali,Diutina sipiczkii,Eriocamporesia aurantia,Eriomyces heveae,Ernakulamia tanakae,Falciformispora uttaraditensis,Fasciatispora cocoes,Foliophoma camporesii,Fuscostagonospora camporesii,Helvella subtinta,Kalmusia erioi,Keissleriella camporesiana,Keissleriella camporesii,Lanspora cylindrospora,Loratospora arezzoensis,Mariannaea atlantica,Melanographium phoenicis,Montagnula camporesii,Neodidymelliopsis camporesii,Neokalmusia kunmingensis,Neoleptosporella camporesiana,Neomonodictys muriformis,Neomyrmecridium guizhouense,Neosetophoma camporesii,Paraloratospora camporesii,Paramonodictys solitarius,Periconia palmicola,Plenodomus triseptatus,Pseudocamarosporium camporesii,Pseudocercospora maetaengensis,Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense,Pseudoconlarium punctiforme,Pseudodactylaria camporesiana,Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii,Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis,Pseudotruncatella camporesii,Rhexocercosporidium senecionis,Rhytidhysteron camporesii,Rhytidhysteron erioi,Septoriella camporesii,Setoapiospora thailandica,Srinivasanomyces kangrensis,Tetraploa dwibahubeeja,Tetraploa pseudoaristata,Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja,Torula camporesii,Tremateia camporesii,Tremateia lamiacearum,Uzbekistanica pruni,Verruconis mangrovei,Wilcoxina verruculosa,Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii.The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis,Camporesiomyces vaccinia,Camposporium lycopodiellae,Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum.The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii,Ascochyta medicaginicola,Ascochyta pisi,Astrocystis bambusicola,Camposporium pellucidum,Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis,Diaporthe foeniculina,Didymella macrostoma,Diplodia mutila,Diplodia seriata,Heterosphaeria patella,Hysterobrevium constrictum,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neovaginatispora fuckelii,Nothophoma quercina,Occultibambusa bambusae,Phaeosphaeria chinensis,Pseudopestalotiopsis theae,Pyxine berteriana,Tetraploa sasicola,Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis.In addition,the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy,respectively.The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.

血管内皮生长因子基因修饰对裸鼠移植皮肤替代物的影响

目的 了解血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因修饰对皮肤替代物移植后的影响。 方法将72只裸鼠分为实验组,以含VEGF目的基因的腺病毒载体转染人成纤维细胞(Fb),将其接种于In tegra人工皮后移植于裸鼠创面;绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)对照组,用于转染Fb的腺病毒载体不含VEGF目的基因,但含与实验组相同的指示标记物GFP基因片段;Fb对照组,接种于Integra人工皮的Fb未行基因转染,其他处理与前两组完全相同;无细胞对照组,所移植的Integra人工皮未接种Fb,每组18只。评估实验组及各对照组移植物的成活情况、血管化过程及组织学变化。 结果 实验组移植术后移植皮片新生血管形成情况明显优于各对照组(P<0. 05),术后早期移植皮片与创面贴附较牢固,分离时易引起出血。实验组移植皮片成活率(100. 0% )显著高于GFP、Fb、无细胞对照组(分别为83. 3%、75. 0%、77 8%, P<0. 01 ),而感染率低于各对照组(P<0. 05 ). 结论 基因修饰所致VEGF高表达明显促进了移植皮肤替代物的血管化过程,提高了移植物成活率。

Silicon and silicon nitride photonic circuits for spectroscopic sensing on-a-chip [Invited]

There is a rapidly growing demand to use silicon and silicon nitride（Si3N4） integrated photonics for sensing applications, ranging from refractive index to spectroscopic sensing. By making use of advanced CMOS technology,complex miniaturized circuits can be easily realized on a large scale and at a low cost covering visible to mid-IR wavelengths. In this paper we present our recent work on the development of silicon and Si3N4-based photonic integrated circuits for various spectroscopic sensing applications. We report our findings on waveguide-based absorption, and Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Finally we report on-chip spectrometers and on-chip broadband light sources covering very near-IR to mid-IR wavelengths to realize fully integrated spectroscopic systems on a chip.