One of the new strategies for the prevention of HIV acquisition is the use of microbicides such as topical microbicides including antimicrobial and antiviral peptides. Ideally, new drug candidates should kill pathogen...One of the new strategies for the prevention of HIV acquisition is the use of microbicides such as topical microbicides including antimicrobial and antiviral peptides. Ideally, new drug candidates should kill pathogens without determent to the normal bacterial flora considered important in health;such as hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus species. The antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and LSA-5 were studied to determine their spectrum of activity against bacterial pathogens and normal flora organisms. The effects of divalent cations at biologically relevant concentrations were determined. We show the synthetic lytic peptide LSA-5 and the naturally occurring peptides LL-37 inactivate Neisseria gonorrhoeae but are less active against many normal flora members such as Lactobacillus species. Biologically relevant concentrations of calcium and magnesium prevented killing of sensitive strains. LSA-5 is more potent than LL-37, both are inhibited from killing sensitive strains by calcium and magnesium. Strains of Lactobacillus iners were killed by both microbicides even in the presence of the divalent cations. Antimicrobial peptides, such as LSA-5, have good potential for use in prevention of sexually transmitted disease, if formulated to sequester calcium and magnesium present in biological fluids.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) naturallyestablishes latency in neurons of the nervous systemwith the concommitant expression of the latencyassociated transcripts (LATS) and the loss in
Intramuscular injection of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)has been shown to induce ectopic bone formation.A chondrogenic phase is typically observed in this process,which suggests that there may exist a chondrogenic...Intramuscular injection of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)has been shown to induce ectopic bone formation.A chondrogenic phase is typically observed in this process,which suggests that there may exist a chondrogenic subpopulation of cells residing in skeletal muscle.Two prospective cell populations were isolated from rat skeletal muscle:fascia-derived cells(FDCs),extracted from gluteus maximus muscle fascia(epimysium)and muscle-derived cells(MDCs)isolated from the muscle body.Both populations were investigated for their cell surface marker profiles(flowcytometry analysis),proliferation rates as well as their myogenic and chondrogenic potentials.The majority of FDCs expressed mesenchymal stromal cell markers but not endothelial cell markers.FDCs underwent chondrogenic differentiation after BMP4 treatment in vitro,but not myogenic differentiation.Although MDCs showed chondrogenic potential,they expressed the myogenic cell marker desmin and readily underwent myogenic differentiation in vitro;however,the chondrogenic potential of the MDCs is confounded by the presence of FDC-like cells residing in the muscle perimysium and endomysium.To clarify the role of the muscle-derived myogenic cells in chondrogenesis,mixed pellets with varying ratios of FDCs and L6 myoblasts were formed and studied for chondrogenic potential.Our results indicated that the chondrogenic potential of the mixed pellets decreased with the increased ratio of myogenic cells to FDCs supporting the role of FDCs in chondrogenesis.Taken together,our results suggest that non-myogenic cells residing in the fascia of skeletal muscle have a strong chondrogenic potential and may represent a novel donor cell source for cartilage regeneration and repair.展开更多
文摘One of the new strategies for the prevention of HIV acquisition is the use of microbicides such as topical microbicides including antimicrobial and antiviral peptides. Ideally, new drug candidates should kill pathogens without determent to the normal bacterial flora considered important in health;such as hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus species. The antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and LSA-5 were studied to determine their spectrum of activity against bacterial pathogens and normal flora organisms. The effects of divalent cations at biologically relevant concentrations were determined. We show the synthetic lytic peptide LSA-5 and the naturally occurring peptides LL-37 inactivate Neisseria gonorrhoeae but are less active against many normal flora members such as Lactobacillus species. Biologically relevant concentrations of calcium and magnesium prevented killing of sensitive strains. LSA-5 is more potent than LL-37, both are inhibited from killing sensitive strains by calcium and magnesium. Strains of Lactobacillus iners were killed by both microbicides even in the presence of the divalent cations. Antimicrobial peptides, such as LSA-5, have good potential for use in prevention of sexually transmitted disease, if formulated to sequester calcium and magnesium present in biological fluids.
文摘Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) naturallyestablishes latency in neurons of the nervous systemwith the concommitant expression of the latencyassociated transcripts (LATS) and the loss in
基金This work was supported in part by the grants from the National Institutes of Health(R01-AR049684,R01-DE13420-06,and IU54AR050733-01)the Department of Defense(AFIRM Grant#W81XWH-08-2-0032).
文摘Intramuscular injection of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)has been shown to induce ectopic bone formation.A chondrogenic phase is typically observed in this process,which suggests that there may exist a chondrogenic subpopulation of cells residing in skeletal muscle.Two prospective cell populations were isolated from rat skeletal muscle:fascia-derived cells(FDCs),extracted from gluteus maximus muscle fascia(epimysium)and muscle-derived cells(MDCs)isolated from the muscle body.Both populations were investigated for their cell surface marker profiles(flowcytometry analysis),proliferation rates as well as their myogenic and chondrogenic potentials.The majority of FDCs expressed mesenchymal stromal cell markers but not endothelial cell markers.FDCs underwent chondrogenic differentiation after BMP4 treatment in vitro,but not myogenic differentiation.Although MDCs showed chondrogenic potential,they expressed the myogenic cell marker desmin and readily underwent myogenic differentiation in vitro;however,the chondrogenic potential of the MDCs is confounded by the presence of FDC-like cells residing in the muscle perimysium and endomysium.To clarify the role of the muscle-derived myogenic cells in chondrogenesis,mixed pellets with varying ratios of FDCs and L6 myoblasts were formed and studied for chondrogenic potential.Our results indicated that the chondrogenic potential of the mixed pellets decreased with the increased ratio of myogenic cells to FDCs supporting the role of FDCs in chondrogenesis.Taken together,our results suggest that non-myogenic cells residing in the fascia of skeletal muscle have a strong chondrogenic potential and may represent a novel donor cell source for cartilage regeneration and repair.
