A switch off in jasmonate(JA)signaling by hydroxylation upon wounding was described in 2008(Miersch et al.,2008).This initiated the cloning of CYP450 enzymes involved in hydroxylation and carboxylation of JA and its a...A switch off in jasmonate(JA)signaling by hydroxylation upon wounding was described in 2008(Miersch et al.,2008).This initiated the cloning of CYP450 enzymes involved in hydroxylation and carboxylation of JA and its amino acid conjugate JA-le,the most active form of JA compounds(reviewed by Wasternack and Feussner[2018]and Heitz et al.[2019]).Due to the central role of JA and JA-lle in plant stress responses and development(Wasternack and Hause,2013),catabolism of JA and its derivatives is an essential component in the sustainment of homeostasis of active JA compounds(Howe et al.,2018;Heitz et al.,2019).Catabolism of JA and JAIle takes place by JA-induced oxygenases(JOXs),also named JA-oxidases(JAOs),and by hydroxylation(CYP94B3/B1)followed by carboxylation(CYP94C1),respectively(Heitz et al.,2019).Another reaction performed by IAR3/ILL6 results in the deconjugation of JA-lle and 12-OH-JA-le to JA and 12-OH-JA,respectively(Heitz et al.,2019;Wasternack and Feussner,2018).展开更多
Multicellular organisms rely on the movement of signaling molecules across cells,tissues,and organs to communicate among distal sites.In plants,localized leaf damage activates jasmonic acid(JA)-dependent transcription...Multicellular organisms rely on the movement of signaling molecules across cells,tissues,and organs to communicate among distal sites.In plants,localized leaf damage activates jasmonic acid(JA)-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in both harmed and unharmed tissues.Although it has been indicated that JA species can translocate from damaged into distal sites,the identity of the mobile compound(s),the tissues through which they translocate,and the effect of their relocation remain unknown.Here,we found that following shoot wounding,the relocation of endogenous jasmonates through the phloem is essential to initiate JA signaling and stunt growth in unharmed roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.By employing grafting experiments and hormone profiling,we uncovered that the hormone precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(OPDA)and its derivatives,but not the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate,translocate from wounded shoots into undamaged roots.Upon root relocation,the mobile precursors cooperatively regulated JA responses through their conversion into JA-Ile and JA signaling activation.Collectively,our findings demonstrate the existence of long-distance translocation of endogenous OPDA and its derivatives,which serve as mobile molecules to coordinate shoot-to-root responses,and highlight the importance of a controlled redistribution of hormone precursors among organs during plant stress acclimation.展开更多
Jasmonic acid (JA) and some of its derivatives are important signals in plant stress responses such as biotic or abiotic stresses during alteration of the environment and are signals in several developmental processes...Jasmonic acid (JA) and some of its derivatives are important signals in plant stress responses such as biotic or abiotic stresses during alteration of the environment and are signals in several developmental processes such as trichome development, growth/defense balance, root growth, senescence, or light signaling (Wasternack and Hause 2013).展开更多
目的:探讨雷公藤多苷(multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii,GTW)在体内改善糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)模型鼠肾小球炎症性损伤的作用和机制。方法:采用单侧肾切除联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)建立DN模...目的:探讨雷公藤多苷(multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii,GTW)在体内改善糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)模型鼠肾小球炎症性损伤的作用和机制。方法:采用单侧肾切除联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)建立DN模型。将大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组、对照组、GTW组,各5只。大鼠在造模成功后分别经灌胃给予蒸馏水(2 m L)或GTW悬浊液(50 mg·kg-1·d-1),每日1次,连续8周。各组大鼠自给药开始计时,第8周末处死。采集血液、尿液样本和肾组织,观察各组大鼠尿白蛋白、肾功能、肾小球形态特征、巨噬细胞(ED1+细胞)浸润以及肾组织肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α,白介素(interleukin,IL)-1β,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK),磷酸化p38MAPK(phosphorylated p38,p-p38MAPK),转化生长因子(transforming growth factor,TGF)-β1的蛋白表达水平。结果:GTW能改善DN模型鼠一般情况、体重,减少尿白蛋白,减轻肾小球硬化,抑制肾小球ED1+细胞浸润,下调肾组织TNF-α,IL-1β,p-p38MAPK,TGF-β1蛋白表达水平。结论:GTW在体内具有抑制炎症细胞浸润和炎症因子表达,减轻肾组织炎症性损伤的作用;GTW通过下调肾组织p38MAPK信号通路中关键信号分子——p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平,抑制炎症信号通路活性,减少TGF-β1表达,从而,改善肾组织炎症性损伤。展开更多
在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的发展过程中,炎症相关信号通路———p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mito-gen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路与肾组织损伤密切相关。一方面,高血糖、血流动力学异常、氧化应激以及前炎症因子等多...在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的发展过程中,炎症相关信号通路———p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mito-gen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路与肾组织损伤密切相关。一方面,高血糖、血流动力学异常、氧化应激以及前炎症因子等多种因素在上游激活p38MAPK信号通路;另一方面,活化的p38MAPK信号通路进一步诱导下游炎症细胞活化,促进炎症介质表达,增加炎症因子产生,最终,导致肾组织炎症性损伤。中药对p38MAPK信号通路的干预作用是通过多途径实现的,主要包括抑制炎症因子表达、调节磷酸化p38MAPK(phosphorylated p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK)表达、减少致纤维化因子表达等。展开更多
肾组织的炎症反应及其相关的组织损伤(如肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化)是导致慢性肾脏病(chronic kidneydisease,CKD)进展至终末期肾病的重要因素。其中,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路能够调控多...肾组织的炎症反应及其相关的组织损伤(如肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化)是导致慢性肾脏病(chronic kidneydisease,CKD)进展至终末期肾病的重要因素。其中,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路能够调控多种核转录因子的表达和生物活性,还可以影响下游炎症介质的合成,并参与炎症细胞的活化,在肾脏疾病炎症损伤中发挥着重要的作用。某些单味中药及其提取物(如大黄素、黄连素)以及一些中药复方(如益肾活血汤)可以通过调节p38MAPK信号通路而影响肾组织内炎症反应,从而,减轻肾小球、肾间质炎症损伤。展开更多
目的:探讨大黄酸抑制饥饿诱导的肾小管上皮(NRK-52E)细胞自噬蛋白的作用和分子机制。方法:用Hank's平衡盐溶液(Hank's balanced salt solution,HBSS)诱导NRK-52E细胞产生饥饿状态,在干预后的各时间点(0,0.5,1,2,6 h),首先,检测...目的:探讨大黄酸抑制饥饿诱导的肾小管上皮(NRK-52E)细胞自噬蛋白的作用和分子机制。方法:用Hank's平衡盐溶液(Hank's balanced salt solution,HBSS)诱导NRK-52E细胞产生饥饿状态,在干预后的各时间点(0,0.5,1,2,6 h),首先,检测细胞自噬标志性蛋白——哺乳动物同族物微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)I/II的表达水平;其次,检测细胞哺乳动物类雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,m TOR)表达及其磷酸化水平(phosphorylated-m TOR Ser2448,p-m TOR S2448);然后,以大黄酸(5 mg·L-1)、HBSS(1 m L)以及m TOR抑制剂雷帕霉素(100 nmol·L-1)单独或联合干预,分别检测其LC3 I/II,m TOR,p-m TOR S2448蛋白表达水平的变化。结果:HBSS诱导NRK-52E细胞LC3II蛋白高表达、p-m TOR S2448蛋白低表达;大黄酸与HBSS联合干预可以逆转HBSS诱导的NRK-52E细胞LC3 II和p-m TOR S2448蛋白表达水平;雷帕霉素与大黄酸、HBSS联合干预可以恢复HBSS诱导的NRK-52E细胞LC3 II蛋白表达水平。结论:HBSS抑制m TOR信号通路活性而诱导肾小管上皮细胞发生自噬;大黄酸调控m TOR信号通路活性而抑制肾小管上皮细胞自噬蛋白的表达,这可能就是其干预细胞自噬的作用和分子机制。展开更多
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)grant no.400681449/GRK2498.
文摘A switch off in jasmonate(JA)signaling by hydroxylation upon wounding was described in 2008(Miersch et al.,2008).This initiated the cloning of CYP450 enzymes involved in hydroxylation and carboxylation of JA and its amino acid conjugate JA-le,the most active form of JA compounds(reviewed by Wasternack and Feussner[2018]and Heitz et al.[2019]).Due to the central role of JA and JA-lle in plant stress responses and development(Wasternack and Hause,2013),catabolism of JA and its derivatives is an essential component in the sustainment of homeostasis of active JA compounds(Howe et al.,2018;Heitz et al.,2019).Catabolism of JA and JAIle takes place by JA-induced oxygenases(JOXs),also named JA-oxidases(JAOs),and by hydroxylation(CYP94B3/B1)followed by carboxylation(CYP94C1),respectively(Heitz et al.,2019).Another reaction performed by IAR3/ILL6 results in the deconjugation of JA-lle and 12-OH-JA-le to JA and 12-OH-JA,respectively(Heitz et al.,2019;Wasternack and Feussner,2018).
文摘Multicellular organisms rely on the movement of signaling molecules across cells,tissues,and organs to communicate among distal sites.In plants,localized leaf damage activates jasmonic acid(JA)-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in both harmed and unharmed tissues.Although it has been indicated that JA species can translocate from damaged into distal sites,the identity of the mobile compound(s),the tissues through which they translocate,and the effect of their relocation remain unknown.Here,we found that following shoot wounding,the relocation of endogenous jasmonates through the phloem is essential to initiate JA signaling and stunt growth in unharmed roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.By employing grafting experiments and hormone profiling,we uncovered that the hormone precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(OPDA)and its derivatives,but not the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate,translocate from wounded shoots into undamaged roots.Upon root relocation,the mobile precursors cooperatively regulated JA responses through their conversion into JA-Ile and JA signaling activation.Collectively,our findings demonstrate the existence of long-distance translocation of endogenous OPDA and its derivatives,which serve as mobile molecules to coordinate shoot-to-root responses,and highlight the importance of a controlled redistribution of hormone precursors among organs during plant stress acclimation.
基金financial support through the program Interhana: Operational Program Education for Competitiveness–European Social Fund (project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0165).
文摘Jasmonic acid (JA) and some of its derivatives are important signals in plant stress responses such as biotic or abiotic stresses during alteration of the environment and are signals in several developmental processes such as trichome development, growth/defense balance, root growth, senescence, or light signaling (Wasternack and Hause 2013).
文摘在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)发生、发展过程中机体内活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成增多导致肾组织OS损伤的发生;其形态学特征主要表现为肾小球和肾小管固有细胞结构和功能的改变。肾组织OS调控途径涉及胞内多条信号通路,其中,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路和腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路作为多种抗氧化物质的靶点而发挥着重要功能。中药复方或单味中药提取物对DN肾组织OS损伤的干预作用包括"调控ROS和抗氧化物质,减少晚期糖基化终末产物形成,抑制生长因子表达,影响胞内信号通路活性"等。
文摘目的:探讨雷公藤多苷(multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii,GTW)在体内改善糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)模型鼠肾小球炎症性损伤的作用和机制。方法:采用单侧肾切除联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)建立DN模型。将大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组、对照组、GTW组,各5只。大鼠在造模成功后分别经灌胃给予蒸馏水(2 m L)或GTW悬浊液(50 mg·kg-1·d-1),每日1次,连续8周。各组大鼠自给药开始计时,第8周末处死。采集血液、尿液样本和肾组织,观察各组大鼠尿白蛋白、肾功能、肾小球形态特征、巨噬细胞(ED1+细胞)浸润以及肾组织肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α,白介素(interleukin,IL)-1β,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK),磷酸化p38MAPK(phosphorylated p38,p-p38MAPK),转化生长因子(transforming growth factor,TGF)-β1的蛋白表达水平。结果:GTW能改善DN模型鼠一般情况、体重,减少尿白蛋白,减轻肾小球硬化,抑制肾小球ED1+细胞浸润,下调肾组织TNF-α,IL-1β,p-p38MAPK,TGF-β1蛋白表达水平。结论:GTW在体内具有抑制炎症细胞浸润和炎症因子表达,减轻肾组织炎症性损伤的作用;GTW通过下调肾组织p38MAPK信号通路中关键信号分子——p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平,抑制炎症信号通路活性,减少TGF-β1表达,从而,改善肾组织炎症性损伤。
文摘在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的发展过程中,炎症相关信号通路———p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mito-gen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路与肾组织损伤密切相关。一方面,高血糖、血流动力学异常、氧化应激以及前炎症因子等多种因素在上游激活p38MAPK信号通路;另一方面,活化的p38MAPK信号通路进一步诱导下游炎症细胞活化,促进炎症介质表达,增加炎症因子产生,最终,导致肾组织炎症性损伤。中药对p38MAPK信号通路的干预作用是通过多途径实现的,主要包括抑制炎症因子表达、调节磷酸化p38MAPK(phosphorylated p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK)表达、减少致纤维化因子表达等。
文摘肾组织的炎症反应及其相关的组织损伤(如肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化)是导致慢性肾脏病(chronic kidneydisease,CKD)进展至终末期肾病的重要因素。其中,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路能够调控多种核转录因子的表达和生物活性,还可以影响下游炎症介质的合成,并参与炎症细胞的活化,在肾脏疾病炎症损伤中发挥着重要的作用。某些单味中药及其提取物(如大黄素、黄连素)以及一些中药复方(如益肾活血汤)可以通过调节p38MAPK信号通路而影响肾组织内炎症反应,从而,减轻肾小球、肾间质炎症损伤。
文摘目的:探讨大黄酸抑制饥饿诱导的肾小管上皮(NRK-52E)细胞自噬蛋白的作用和分子机制。方法:用Hank's平衡盐溶液(Hank's balanced salt solution,HBSS)诱导NRK-52E细胞产生饥饿状态,在干预后的各时间点(0,0.5,1,2,6 h),首先,检测细胞自噬标志性蛋白——哺乳动物同族物微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)I/II的表达水平;其次,检测细胞哺乳动物类雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,m TOR)表达及其磷酸化水平(phosphorylated-m TOR Ser2448,p-m TOR S2448);然后,以大黄酸(5 mg·L-1)、HBSS(1 m L)以及m TOR抑制剂雷帕霉素(100 nmol·L-1)单独或联合干预,分别检测其LC3 I/II,m TOR,p-m TOR S2448蛋白表达水平的变化。结果:HBSS诱导NRK-52E细胞LC3II蛋白高表达、p-m TOR S2448蛋白低表达;大黄酸与HBSS联合干预可以逆转HBSS诱导的NRK-52E细胞LC3 II和p-m TOR S2448蛋白表达水平;雷帕霉素与大黄酸、HBSS联合干预可以恢复HBSS诱导的NRK-52E细胞LC3 II蛋白表达水平。结论:HBSS抑制m TOR信号通路活性而诱导肾小管上皮细胞发生自噬;大黄酸调控m TOR信号通路活性而抑制肾小管上皮细胞自噬蛋白的表达,这可能就是其干预细胞自噬的作用和分子机制。
