Study on Expected Mature Age of Individual Ailanthus altissima

This study was conducted on the analytic tree and got the fitting empirical equation of tree growth,in which the tree growth rate was used as the variable and time as the independent variable.The arithmetical operation to the function got the mature age of tree growth,and the expected mature age of Ailanthus altissima was 21 a.In addition,the application as well as the research direction and matters needing attention were proposed.

Spatial-temporal shifting patterns and in situ conservation of spotted seal(Phoca largha)populations in the Yellow Sea ecoregion

Understanding the habitat shifting pattern is a prerequisite for implementing in situ conservation of migratory species.Spotted seals(Phoca largha)inhabiting the Yellow Sea ecoregion(YSE)comprise a small population with independent genes and represent a charismatic flagship species in this region.However,this population has declined by 80%since the 1940s,and increased support from the countries around the YSE is urgently needed to address the potential local extinction risk.A time-series niche model and life-history weighted systematic conservation planning were designed on the basis of a satellite beacon tracking survey(2010–2020)of the YSE population.The results showed clustering and spreading shifting patterns during the breeding and migratory seasons,respectively.The closed-loop migration route formed in the YSE indicated that this population might be geographically isolated from populations in other breeding areas around the world.The conservation priority area(CPA),with an area of 19632 km^(2)(3.58%of the total YSE area),was the most effective response to the potential in situ risk.However,nearly 80%of the CPA was exposed outside the existing marine protected areas(MPAs).Future establishment of MPAs in China should strategically consider the conservation gap identified herein,and it is recommended for Korea’s closed fishing season to be spatially set in the western Korean Peninsula from May to August.This study also exemplified that the lack of temporal information would lead to the dislocation of niche modeling for migratory species represented by spotted seals.Attention should be paid to protecting small and migratory populations in marine biodiversity conservation planning.

LncRNA109897-JrCCR4-JrTLP1b forms a positive feedback loop to regulate walnut resistance against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Walnut anthracnose induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a disastrous disease that severely restricts the development of the walnut industry in China.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in adaptive responses to disease,but their roles in the regulation of walnut anthracnose resistance response are not well defined.In this study,transcriptome analysis demonstrated that a C.gloeosporioides-induced lncRNA,lncRNA109897,located upstream from the target gene JrCCR4,upregulated the expression of JrCCR4.JrCCR4 interacted with JrTLP1b and promoted its transcriptional activity.In turn,JrTLP1b induced the transcription of lncRNA109897 to promote its expression.Meanwhile,transient expression in walnut leaves and stable transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana further proved that lncRNA,JrCCR4,and JrTLP1b improve the resistance of C.gloeosporioides.Collectively,these findings provide insights into the mechanism by which the lncRNA109897-JrCCR4-JrTLP1b transcriptional cascade regulates the resistance of walnut to anthracnose.