BACKGROUND A 48-year-old female presented with sudden-onset right-sided aural fullness,low-frequency hearing loss,and tinnitus.Medical history included right-sided tempo-romandibular joint disorder(TMJD)with crepitati...BACKGROUND A 48-year-old female presented with sudden-onset right-sided aural fullness,low-frequency hearing loss,and tinnitus.Medical history included right-sided tempo-romandibular joint disorder(TMJD)with crepitation,and retro-orbital headaches.The patient was diagnosed with atypical Meniere’s disease(MD)and received in-tratympanic steroids,prednisone,betahistine,and began a low-sodium diet;how-ever,the patient’s symptoms worsened.CASE SUMMARY The patient sought physical therapy for TMJD;testing revealed reduced motion and dysfunction with vertical opening,lateral excursion of the mandible to the right,and tenderness to palpation.Treatment included soft tissue mobilization of right facial structures and temporal fossa,intraoral massage of the right pterygoid musculature,and massage of right neck structures.After 4 weeks,the patient noticed subjective improvement in hearing and decreased headaches.After 11 weeks,an audiogram showed that the hearing loss had recovered.The patient has continued the daily at-home intraoral/neck massage therapy and maintained normal hearing over 4 years to date.The temporal relationship between physical therapy and recovery of hearing loss suggests muscular or inflammatory etiology as at least partially causative of this patient’s symptoms.The mechanism of healing may have been due to decreased inflammation,improved blood flow,restored function of cranial nerves,or some combination of these and other unknown factors.CONCLUSION This report suggests that orofacial physical and massage therapy may be an effective treatment for the cochlear symptoms associated with MD.展开更多
The waltzing guinea pig may be a good model to investigate if genetic factor can change the sensitivity in noise-induced hearing loss. A total of 34 waltzig guinea pigs were studied and we found that there is no any s...The waltzing guinea pig may be a good model to investigate if genetic factor can change the sensitivity in noise-induced hearing loss. A total of 34 waltzig guinea pigs were studied and we found that there is no any significant increased sensitivity to noise trauma if the age-induced hearing loss was considered in waltz-ing guinea pig.展开更多
The German waltzing guinea pig is a strain of animals expressing deafness and severe balance disorders at birth.The mutation arose spontaneously in a breeding facility in Germany and as the affected animals show a cha...The German waltzing guinea pig is a strain of animals expressing deafness and severe balance disorders at birth.The mutation arose spontaneously in a breeding facility in Germany and as the affected animals show a characteristic waltzing behavior,the strain is named the German waltzing guinea pig.The strain is presently bred only at Karolinska Institutet.The hereditary inner ear impairment has a recessive mode of inheritance and the strain thus produces not only affected homozygotes but also symptom-free heterozygotes and fully normal offspring.The outcome depends solely on the genotype of the parents.The heterozygotes,which have obtained the 'waltzing' gene from one parent only,have normal hearing and no balance dysfunction.The heterozygous animals appear normal but will,in turn,carry the genetic defect to the next generation.The present thesis is focused on these animals.Noise and ototoxic drugs are well known stress factors that interfere negatively with the hearing organ in both humans and animals,causing hearing impairment.However,the inter-individual variability in susceptibility to auditory stress factors is surprisingly large,most likely due to different genetic predisposition.In this study,heterozygous animals of the German waltzing guinea pig,animals carrying a genetic defect known to cause severe hearing impairment,were used to study how an unexplored gene for deafness interacts with auditory stress agents,i.e.noise exposure and the ototoxic drugs gentamicin and cisplatin.Animals were exposed to both narrowband as well as broadband noise at different ages and hearing thresholds were measured using ABRs.Heterozygotes of the German waltzing guinea pig showed less threshold shifts compared to control strains.Older animals were less affected by the noise trauma than younger animals.To test the hypothesis that the efferent system contributes to protection of the inner ear against noise trauma,measurements using a new method of post onset adaptation of DPOAEs and maximum adaptation magnitude were conducted.The post onset adaptation of DPOAEs detected a strain difference at the higher frequency region while in the maximum adaptation magnitude method showed no difference between the strains.The heterozygous German waltzing guinea pigs displayed a distinctly increased resistance to noise exposures,manifested as reduced threshold shifts and faster recovery following acoustic overstimulation.However,when exposed to ototoxic drugs,the heterozygous carriers suffered from a more pronounced hearing loss.It is concluded that endogenous resistance to noise in the heterozygotes does not offer any protection against ototoxic drugs.The detailed mechanisms remain to be explored.展开更多
One of the most common causes of vertigo is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo(BPPV),a sensation of spinning that is caused by a sudden change in head position.This type of vertigo was first described by Robert Bara...One of the most common causes of vertigo is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo(BPPV),a sensation of spinning that is caused by a sudden change in head position.This type of vertigo was first described by Robert Barany in the early 1920s[1].He suggested that BPPV was caused by abnormal otoliths,also called statoconium or otoconius,a structure in the saccule or utricle in展开更多
Cochlear spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)are bipolar ganglion cells and are the first neurons in the auditory transduction pathway.They transmit complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neuron...Cochlear spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)are bipolar ganglion cells and are the first neurons in the auditory transduction pathway.They transmit complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus for sound processing.Injury to SGNs causes largely irreversible hearing impairment because these neurons are highly differentiated cells and cannot regenerate,making treatment of sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)arising from SGN injury difficult.When exposed to ototoxic drugs or damaging levels of noise or when there is loss of neurotrophic factors(NTFs),aging,and presence of other factors,SGNs can be irreversibly damaged,resulting in SNHL.It has been found that NTFs and stem cells can induce regeneration among dead spiral ganglion cells.In this paper,we summarized the present knowledge regarding injury,protection,and regeneration of SGNs.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND A 48-year-old female presented with sudden-onset right-sided aural fullness,low-frequency hearing loss,and tinnitus.Medical history included right-sided tempo-romandibular joint disorder(TMJD)with crepitation,and retro-orbital headaches.The patient was diagnosed with atypical Meniere’s disease(MD)and received in-tratympanic steroids,prednisone,betahistine,and began a low-sodium diet;how-ever,the patient’s symptoms worsened.CASE SUMMARY The patient sought physical therapy for TMJD;testing revealed reduced motion and dysfunction with vertical opening,lateral excursion of the mandible to the right,and tenderness to palpation.Treatment included soft tissue mobilization of right facial structures and temporal fossa,intraoral massage of the right pterygoid musculature,and massage of right neck structures.After 4 weeks,the patient noticed subjective improvement in hearing and decreased headaches.After 11 weeks,an audiogram showed that the hearing loss had recovered.The patient has continued the daily at-home intraoral/neck massage therapy and maintained normal hearing over 4 years to date.The temporal relationship between physical therapy and recovery of hearing loss suggests muscular or inflammatory etiology as at least partially causative of this patient’s symptoms.The mechanism of healing may have been due to decreased inflammation,improved blood flow,restored function of cranial nerves,or some combination of these and other unknown factors.CONCLUSION This report suggests that orofacial physical and massage therapy may be an effective treatment for the cochlear symptoms associated with MD.
基金supported by Tysta Skolan and Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
文摘The waltzing guinea pig may be a good model to investigate if genetic factor can change the sensitivity in noise-induced hearing loss. A total of 34 waltzig guinea pigs were studied and we found that there is no any significant increased sensitivity to noise trauma if the age-induced hearing loss was considered in waltz-ing guinea pig.
文摘The German waltzing guinea pig is a strain of animals expressing deafness and severe balance disorders at birth.The mutation arose spontaneously in a breeding facility in Germany and as the affected animals show a characteristic waltzing behavior,the strain is named the German waltzing guinea pig.The strain is presently bred only at Karolinska Institutet.The hereditary inner ear impairment has a recessive mode of inheritance and the strain thus produces not only affected homozygotes but also symptom-free heterozygotes and fully normal offspring.The outcome depends solely on the genotype of the parents.The heterozygotes,which have obtained the 'waltzing' gene from one parent only,have normal hearing and no balance dysfunction.The heterozygous animals appear normal but will,in turn,carry the genetic defect to the next generation.The present thesis is focused on these animals.Noise and ototoxic drugs are well known stress factors that interfere negatively with the hearing organ in both humans and animals,causing hearing impairment.However,the inter-individual variability in susceptibility to auditory stress factors is surprisingly large,most likely due to different genetic predisposition.In this study,heterozygous animals of the German waltzing guinea pig,animals carrying a genetic defect known to cause severe hearing impairment,were used to study how an unexplored gene for deafness interacts with auditory stress agents,i.e.noise exposure and the ototoxic drugs gentamicin and cisplatin.Animals were exposed to both narrowband as well as broadband noise at different ages and hearing thresholds were measured using ABRs.Heterozygotes of the German waltzing guinea pig showed less threshold shifts compared to control strains.Older animals were less affected by the noise trauma than younger animals.To test the hypothesis that the efferent system contributes to protection of the inner ear against noise trauma,measurements using a new method of post onset adaptation of DPOAEs and maximum adaptation magnitude were conducted.The post onset adaptation of DPOAEs detected a strain difference at the higher frequency region while in the maximum adaptation magnitude method showed no difference between the strains.The heterozygous German waltzing guinea pigs displayed a distinctly increased resistance to noise exposures,manifested as reduced threshold shifts and faster recovery following acoustic overstimulation.However,when exposed to ototoxic drugs,the heterozygous carriers suffered from a more pronounced hearing loss.It is concluded that endogenous resistance to noise in the heterozygotes does not offer any protection against ototoxic drugs.The detailed mechanisms remain to be explored.
文摘One of the most common causes of vertigo is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo(BPPV),a sensation of spinning that is caused by a sudden change in head position.This type of vertigo was first described by Robert Barany in the early 1920s[1].He suggested that BPPV was caused by abnormal otoliths,also called statoconium or otoconius,a structure in the saccule or utricle in
基金supported by a grant from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(Applied technology research and development project)(No.Z191100007619043).
文摘Cochlear spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)are bipolar ganglion cells and are the first neurons in the auditory transduction pathway.They transmit complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus for sound processing.Injury to SGNs causes largely irreversible hearing impairment because these neurons are highly differentiated cells and cannot regenerate,making treatment of sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)arising from SGN injury difficult.When exposed to ototoxic drugs or damaging levels of noise or when there is loss of neurotrophic factors(NTFs),aging,and presence of other factors,SGNs can be irreversibly damaged,resulting in SNHL.It has been found that NTFs and stem cells can induce regeneration among dead spiral ganglion cells.In this paper,we summarized the present knowledge regarding injury,protection,and regeneration of SGNs.
