Psychometric evaluation of Iranian version of nursing faculty’s incivility questionnaire

Objective:Faculty incivility is a growing problem in nursing schools that disrupts the learning process and affects nursing care of patients.Fostering and managing faculty incivility requires knowing this problem using a valid and reliable instrument.The purpose of this research was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire in the Iranian community.Methods:In this methodological study,the participants involved were 357 nursing students.They were selected between October and December 2019.The faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire was evaluated in terms of content and construct validity.McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire.Results:The content validity index(CVI)was 0.86-0.91 for the items and 0.87 for the whole instrument.In factor analysis,two factors of violent and irresponsible behaviors were extracted.These factors explained>41.769%of the variance.Model fit indices(Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index[PCFI]=0.783,Parsimonious Normed Fit Index[PNFI]=0.756,root mean square error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.051,Goodness-of-Fit Index[GFI]=0.955,Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index[AGFI]=0.932,Comparative Fit Index[CFI]=0.955,χ^(2)/df=2.26)indicated the proportion of factors.Internal consistency was 0.87-0.93.Conclusions:Faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool with two factors that can be used to evaluate the incivility in Iranian faculty members.

Survey on hospice care attitude of family members of advanced cancer patients at different ages

BACKGROUND Hospice care plays an important role in improving the quality of life of advanced cancer patients,but controversy remains over whether age affects the attitudes of family members toward hospice care.AIM To investigate the attitudes of family members of advanced cancer patients of different ages toward hospice care.METHODS The study participants were 175 family members of patients with advanced cancer from January 2020 and October 2022.The participants were divided into youth(<40 years,n=65),middle-aged(40–60 years,n=59),and elderly(>60 years,n=51)groups.Researchers investigated and compared the degree of awareness regarding hospice care,attitudes,and whether the family members of patients would choose hospice care.RESULTS Among the family members of 175 patients,approximately 28%(49/175)were aware of hospice care.Awareness of hospice care,the proportion of hospice care acceptance and adaptation attitudes,and the proportion of those who chose hospice care in the youth group were higher in the middle-aged and elderly groups(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in these three indicators between the middle-aged and elderly groups(P>0.05).Hospice care was chosen mainly to relieve pain and reduce unnecessary treatment,whereas the reasons for not choosing hospice care were mainly distrust and ethical concerns.CONCLUSION The family members of patients with advanced cancer had relatively low awareness of hospice care,while youth had a higher awareness of hospice care,acceptance,and adaptation attitudes,and were more willing to choose hospice care.

A 10-year review and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash city, south of Iran: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Objective:To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City,Iran.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021 in Gerash City.The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of victims was(30.9±17.5)years.80.54%Of victims were male,39.70%were self-employed,and 64.60%were adults(≥18 years).Most cases of bites occurred in 2019(91 cases),2020(74 cases)and 2021(87 cases),and most of the bites were related to the upper limbs(62.70%).Most of the wounds were superficial(78%),most of the biting animals were domestic animals(91.74%),and most of the victims had Iranian nationality(97.62%).Conclusions:Given the increasing trend of animal bites in Gerash City,health authorities should carry out basic measures such as education and awareness among the public,especially at-risk groups such as adult males.Additionally,since most cases of bites are due to dogs,it seems necessary to plan for vaccination of dogs,especially those with owners.

Effects of Maternal Death on Children Living in the Sagnarigu Municipality

Introduction: The greatest effect of maternal mortality is renowned in children aged 2 - 5 months whose mothers had died. Children whose mothers died due to maternal complications were likely to record a higher mortality in infancy compared to children of surviving mothers. Motherless children mostly suffer a lot due to lack of day-to-day care, isolation, lack of motivation as well as economic cost associated with mother’s death. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the lives of children whose mothers passed away during childbirth at the Sagnarigu Municipality. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out at the Sagnarigu Municipal. The study recruited 297 respondents. To assess the effects of maternal death on the lives of children, families that experienced maternal death were assessed. The number of pregnancies experienced by the deceased woman, pregnancy-related complaints experienced, determinants of maternal death, number of children alive, and their standard of living were assessed with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Results: The data showed that negligence, illiteracy, poor road access, poverty, ignorance, delays in recognizing the problem, delays in making appropriate decisions, delays in the health facility, delays in giving the appropriate treatments, and traditional beliefs were some of the factors that led to maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipality. Conclusion: The study concluded that determinants of maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipal included the following;negligence, illiteracy, poverty, and delays in recognizing the problem. The study findings also demonstrated that the effects of maternal death on children are diverse and cut across different areas of a child’s life including livelihood sustenance, healthcare, education, and emotional and psychological development.

Prevalence and Demographic Distributions of Pre-Eclampsia among Pregnant Women at Ho Teaching Hospital

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, pre-eclampsia remains a major health problem contributing to high rates of maternal mortality. Despite this condition having adverse effects on maternal and child health, its prevalence and associated risk factors are still significant, especially in developing countries including Ghana. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic distributions associated with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods: A facility-based retrospective study was conducted by reviewing available data or hospital records of pregnant mothers admitted to the labor and maternity wards from January 2018 to December 2020. All pregnant women who were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia within this period were included in the study. The data were collected using a structured checklist. Results: 5609 data on pregnant women from 2018 to 2020 were recorded. Out of the 5609 data recorded, 314 pre-eclampsia cases were recorded giving an overall prevalence of 5.6%. The yearly prevalence for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 4.6%, 5.6%, and 6.6%, respectively. The most recorded pre-eclampsia cases were seen among women within the age group of 18 - 24 years. The data showed that 112 (35.7%) of the pregnant women who had pre-eclampsia were nulliparous. Pre-eclampsia-associated maternal and fetal complications were;preterm delivery 221 (70.4%), intrauterine fetal death 62 (19.7%), eclampsia 9 (2.9%), HELLP syndrome 5 (1.6%) and maternal death 17 (5.4%). Associated factors of pre-eclampsia were parity, level of education, and occupation (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a rising trend in the incidence of pre-eclampsia over the years at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Parity, level of education, and occupation were found to be associated with developing pre-eclampsia.

Health-related quality of life among congestive heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction

Objective:To determine factors that affect the health-related quality of life(HRQOL)of congestive heart failure(CHF)patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was used for this study.The stratified random sampling was applied for each subgroup.HRQOL was measured with the Minnesota Living with Hear t Failure Questionnaire.The data were analyzed using chi-square,Spearman's correlation analysis,and independent t-test.Results:A number of 67 respondents participated in the recent study.The total mean scores of HRQOL were significantly different(P=0.001)between heart failure(HF)patients with reduced and preserved ejection fractions,41.07±7.54 and 54.97±4.36,respectively.It related with the physical(mean±standard deviation[SD]=10.4±2.14;t=-10.08,95%CI=-12.46 to-8.34;P-value=0.001)and psychological(mean±SD=3.5±0.5;t=-6.68,95%CI=-4.55 to-2.45;P-value=0.001)domain.Strong correlation was found between age(r=-0.898,P<0.05),NYHA functional classes(r=-0.858,P<0.01),duration of HF(r=-0.807,P<0.01),family support(r=0.927,P<0.01),and quality of life(Qo L).Conclusions:HRQOL in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction was higher than in those with preserved ejection fraction.Family suppor t is a fur ther determinant factor that has a positive correlation to the Qo L.

Changes in Health Consciousness of Nursing Students in Japan after Acquiring Medical Care Knowledge from a Nursing School

Background: Health consciousness in daily life is very important because lifestyle habits, such as dietary and exercise habits, sleep, and smoking, are involved in the development and progression of lifestyle-related diseases, such as cancer, heart diseases, stroke, liver diseases, kidney diseases, and diabetes. Purpose: In this study, we surveyed to see if the health consciousness increased and what behaviors in daily life changed in students of a nursing school (Seiwa Nursing College, Tokyo, Japan) after they learned medical care knowledge required to become a nurse. Results: After learning medical care knowledge for 3 years, the students were found to have a higher level of health consciousness in the third year than they did in the first year. They applied the medical care knowledge they learned in daily life. All data were collected in 2019. Conclusions: The medical care knowledge learned in a nursing school was demonstrated to serve as information to increase the health consciousness.

Effectiveness of experiential teaching method on the development of nursing students’skill competence:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:Skill competence is essential for nursing students and experiential teaching method has become increasingly popular in China’s nursing education.To systematically evaluate the effects of experiential teaching method on the development of nursing students’skill competence,and to provide evidence for nursing education.Methods:The China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,Wanfang Data,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception until November 28,2019.We screened the studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data,and assessed the quality.Then,a meta-analysis was conducted.Results:Totally 15 studies were included,and 1,633 nursing students were analyzed by Review Manager5.3 and Stata15.1 software.The results show that the experiential teaching method can significantly improve nursing students’nursing skills such as training(SMD=1.05,95%CI:0.95–1.16,P=0.000),learning interest(ES=0.93,95%CI:0.79–1.06),ability to analyze and solve problems(ES=0.75,95%CI:0.55–0.94),ability to judge and innovative thinking(ES=1.01,95%CI:0.77–1.25),abilities of understanding and perception(ES=0.59,95%CI:0.34–0.83),and teaching satisfaction(ES=1.26,95%CI:1.13–1.4).Conclusions:The results suggest that the experiential teaching method is more effective for the nursing students’skill competence than traditional teaching in China.However,due to the heterogeneity and bias risk,a large sample and high-quality studies are needed in future to confirm its effectiveness.

Nursing Activities at Health Surveys and Health Checkups during the Early Period of Operation of the Hiroshima ABCC—Oral History Study Based on Narratives of Three Japanese Nurses

Using an oral history approach, this study analyzed the narratives obtained from semi-structured interviews administered to three Japanese women who worked as nurses for the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC). The analysis of the data in the narratives showed details of the health surveys and health checkups conducted during the early period of operation of ABCC. During the early period of operation of ABCC some survivors showed negative behaviors toward the health surveys and health checkups at the ABCC. However, it can be inferred that dedicated nursing played an important role in alleviating the stress and emotional issues of survivors at the health surveys and health checkups. The findings of the study could be beneficial to research into nursing activities for patients exposed to radiation at the present day.

Incidence rate of animal bites in southern Iran during 2015-2019 using Cochrane-Armitage trend test

Objective:To investigate the trend of animal bites in southern Iran from 2015 to 2019.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study of patients with animal bites who were referred to the Center for Disease Control in the three cities of Larestan,Evaz,and Khonj in Fars province,southern Iran from 2015 to 2019.The trend of animal bites incidence was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.Results:In total,from 2015 to 2019,1944 cases of animal bites were reported.A total of 79.8%of the cases were men.The overall average incidence of animal bites was 142.93 per 100000 people.The incidence of animal bites was significantly increased(Ptrend<0.001).The highest incidence was in November(79.04 per 100000 people)followed by January(76.1 per 100000 people)and February(69.48 per 100000 people);also,the lowest incidence was in August(47.42 per 100000 people)and July(50.0 per 100000 people).Conclusions:The incidence of animal bites has significantly increased.Given the importance of rabies,control and management of animal bites should be emphasized and considered.

Effect of hemovigilance education on nursing students’knowledge:the application of a conceptual map

Objective:Given the importance of having knowledge on the hemovigilance process in nursing care,the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the hemovigilance education on nursing students’knowledge using a conceptual map.The current research was a semi-experimental study.Methods:The samples consisted of 60 nursing students who were selected based on the inclusion criteria using the census sampling method.Thereafter,these participants were randomly assigned into the two groups:experimental and control groups.The required data were collected before,immediately after,and 1 month after the education using the hemovigilance knowledge questionnaire.Accordingly,the validity of this questionnaire was confirmed,and its reliability using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was reported as 0.83.The education process was conducted during a 4-week period.Thereafter,the collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS v25.Results:The results reveal that a significant difference existed between the knowledge scores of students in the experimental group compared with that of the control group during different times(including before,immediately after,and 1 month after the education)(P<0.0001).Of note,hemovigilance education had a significant effect on the students’knowledge(P<0.0001).Conclusions:Due to the effect of the hemovigilance education on the students’knowledge and by applying the conceptual map in the easy transfer of the educational concepts,it is recommended that the results of the present study be used to strengthen the theoretical and clinical education of nursing students.

Nursing Care at End-of-Life:An HIV Case Study

Introduction Historically,death was an acute event,often related to trauma or acute disease. With advances in medicine and health care,the course of dying has become,more often,a prolonged process marked with periods of crisis and stability(Forest,2004).

An innovative approach of using online problem‑based learning and case‑based learning in teaching disaster nursing during the COVID‑19 pandemic

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate the learning experience effect of online problem‑based learning(PBL)and case‑based learning(CBL)in teaching disaster nursing.Methods:According to the characteristics of online PBL and CBL,the revised curriculum experience questionnaire(CEQ)was used to evaluate the teaching quality.Cronbach’s coefficient and the reliability of the split‑half reliability questionnaire were calculated.The exploratory factor analysis of 26 items was carried out by principal component analysis and maximum variance rotation method.Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin(KMO)and Bartlett’s tests were used to test the validity of the questionnaire.The comparison between groups was performed by one‑way analysis of variance.Results:A total of 191 questionnaires were issued and 183 copies were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.8%.The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of CEQ is 0.929,and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each dimension is between 0.713 and 0.924.After factor analysis,the KMO value was 0.817.The 26 items finally returned to 6 principal components,and all factor load values were above 0.7,indicating good factor analysis effect.This study found that students who learned disaster nursing had an ideal online learning experience,and the average value of CEQ was 3.74±0.42.In particular,male students,senior students or medical students had a higher curriculum experience score.In addition,compared with the national recruitment,the international students have higher curriculum experience score on the dimension of Appropriate Assessment Scale,indicating that the international students are more inclined to use online PBL and CBL.Conclusions:Using the revised CEQ is an innovative approach to evaluate the effect of online PBL and CBL in teaching disaster nursing,which can improve students’experience and curriculum quality.

Operations of school health program assessment at selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area,Benin City,Nigeria

Background:School health program(SHP)is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen.In spite of this,the adoption of SHP in developing countries is still below set standard.Therefore,this study assesses the operations of SHP in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area(LGA),Benin City,Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with accidental sampling method to select 56 school health teachers from secondary schools in Egor LGA.A self-structured instrument was used to collect data based on the research objectives.Data collected were analyzed using percentages,means,and standard deviation.Results:This study showed that despite high level of the program awareness,the actualization of its objective was found to be poor,and this was found to be related with the lack of government support,lack of needed personnel and materials,lack of effective supervision of the program and inappropriate funding.Conclusion:In-service training on SHP should be provided to enhance the skills needed for implementation of SHP.The government should provide needed materials and equipment and employ competent health personnel to take charge of the school health services,and other policymakers should mobilize and strengthen SHP and education activities at the state.

Nursing Staff’s Experiences of Providing Toilet Assistance to Elderly Nursing Home Residents with Urinary Incontinence

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a common condition among elderly. It affects their daily life and quality of life. Toilet assistance may decrease urinary incontinence episodes among elderly. Many nursing home residents do not receive the available evidence-based toilet assistance they need. Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe nursing staff members’ experiences of providing toilet assistance to elderly nursing home residents with urinary incontinence. Design: A descriptive design with a qualitative content analysis method was used. Method: Four nurses and seven auxiliary nurses were interviewed in three homogenous focus groups. Data were collected during spring 2015. Results: The most essential opportunity factor for good toilet assistance was the nursing staff’s attitude and behavior regarding the elderly’s need to visit the lavatory. This resulted in individual toilet assistance in which the elderly’s integrity and needs were cared for. Functioning routines and sufficient staff availability were crucial in determining whether the elderly could visit the lavatory. Other enabling factors for good toilet assistance were information and education of staff. The main obstructing factors for good toilet assistance were the elderly’s decreased cognitive ability, negative attitudes toward receiving toilet assistance and lack of communication and co-operation between professionals with regard to prescribing and fastening individual incontinence aids. Conclusion: Providing toilet assistance is a considerable nursing intervention for elderly to help them regain continence or contain incontinence, whenever possible. Person-centered incontinence care is important for developing and adjusting toilet assistance based on each older person’s individual needs.

Predictors of death in hospitalized elderly patients with COVID-19 in Mashhad, Iran, in 2021: A historical cohort study

Objective:The present study aimed to identify predictive factors for mortality among elderly individuals infected with COVID-19.Methods and Materials:This historical cohort study was conducted from July to December 2021 in the specialized departments for COVID-19 patients at one of the hospitals in Mashhad,Iran.Data were collected from the medical records of 404 elderly patients.Sampling was conducted using the convenience sampling method.Data were gathered through a demographic and clinical checklist developed by the researcher.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze the data.Results:The mortality rate among elderly individuals was 25%(n=101).Multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations between mortality and age(hazard ratio[HR]=0.58,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.38,0.88;P=0.011),level of consciousness(HR=0.31,95%CI:0.19,0.50;P<0.001),and SpO2(HR=0.58,95%CI:0.37,0.92;P=0.022).The probability of survival after the 19th day of hospitalization was 50%.Conclusions:Determining predictors of death allows for early identification of elderly individuals at risk and enables the health-care team to provide more effective care,ultimately saving the lives of elderly individuals by allocating appropriate facilities and equipment.

Effects of massage on newborn infants with jaundice: A meta-analysis

Objective:This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the effects of massage on infants with jaundice.Methods:Multiple electronic databases,including Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,China Biology Medicine (CBM),Wan Fang Data,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),were used to search for studies on the effects of massage on infants with jaundice.Data were analysed by Rev Man 5.3.Results:A total of 14 randomised controlled trials with 1889 patients were included.Statistically significant difference in percutaneous bilirubin [MD =-1.21,95% CI (-1.90,-0.52),P< 0.05;MD =-2.00,95% CI (-2.68,-1.32),P<0.05;MD=-2.00,95% CI (2.56,-1.44),P<0.05;MD=-1.93,95% CI (-2.44,-1.43),P< 0.05] was found between two groups at 48,72,96 and 168 h.Studies on the serum total bilirubin level were divided into two subgroups according to sample size,and the results of subgroup analysis showed that the serum total bilirubin level in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group [MD =-52.06,95% CI (-57.76,-46.36),P< 0.05 and MD =-10.65,95% CI (-14.66,-6.63),P < 0.05].Statistically significant difference in defecation frequency was observed between the two groups at 48 h after birth[SMD =0.44,95%CI (0.02,0.87),P< 0.05].Conclusion:Massage can decrease serum total bilirubin and percutaneous bilirubin levels and increasing defecation frequency.However,due to heterogeneity among studies,numerous multi-centre,largesample and high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to verify the effects of massage.

The effect of Tai Chi exercise on motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke:A meta-analysis

Objective:The meta-analysis is to objectively evaluate the efficacy of Tai Chi exercise for motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about the effects of Tai Chi versus a non-exercise or conventional rehabilitation exercise control group on motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke were searched from multiple electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,EMBASE,AMED,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP)until August 2016.Two investigators independently screened eligible studies,extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality by using the quality evaluation criteria for RCTs recommended by Cochrane Handbook.Then meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 17 RCTs with 1209 participants were included.The meta-analysis indicated that there was a significant difference on improving the balance function(P<0.001)and ability of daily activity(P=0.0003)of patients with stroke between Tai Chi group and control group.However,no significant effect was found on Tai Chi for walking function and sleep quality(P>0.05).Conclusion:Tai Chi exercise can significantly improve the balance function and ability of daily activities of patients with stroke,and there are no significant differences in walking function and sleep quality.Therefore,lots of multicenter,large-sample,higher quality randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the effects of Tai Chi exercise in improving walking function and sleep quality for patients with stroke.

Uncertainty in illness and coping styles:Moderating and mediating effects of resilience in stroke patients

BACKGROUND Stroke has a great influence on the patient’s mental health,and reasonable psychological adjustment and disease perception can promote the recovery of mental health.AIM To explore the relationships among resilience,coping style,and uncertainty in illness of stroke patients.METHODS A retrospective study was used to investigate 154 stroke patients who were diagnosed and treated at eight medical institutes in Henan province,China from October to December 2019.We used the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire to test the uncertainty in illness,resilience,and coping style,respectively.RESULTS Resilience had a significant moderating role in the correlation between coping style and unpredictability and information deficiency for uncertainty in illness(P<0.05).Further,the tenacity and strength dimensions of resilience mediated the correlation between the confrontation coping style and complexity,respectively(P<0.05).The strength dimension of resilience mediated the correlation between an avoidance coping style and the unpredictability of uncertainty in illness(P<0.05),as well as correlated with resignation,complexity,and unpredictability(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Resilience has moderating and mediating roles in the associations between coping style and uncertainty in illness,indicating that it is vital to improve resilience and consider positive coping styles for stroke patients in the prevention and control of uncertainty in illness.

Mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for antidepression: Evidence from preclinical studies

This review summarizes the anti-depressant mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in preclinical studies,including anti-inflammatory effects mediated by activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway,anti-oxidative stress effects,enhancement of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis via activation of the endocannabinoid system and brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway,increasing the content of monoamine neurotransmitters via inhibition of Sirtuin 1/monoamine oxidase A signaling pathway,and reducing the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.We also discuss the shortcomings of transcranial magnetic stimulation in preclinical studies such as inaccurate positioning,shallow depth of stimulation,and difficulty in elucidating the neural circuit mechanism up-and down-stream of the stimulation target brain region.