Research hotspots and trends in transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive impairment:A bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2023

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment,which manifests as a limited deterioration of specific functions associated with a particular disease,can lead to a general deterioration of the patient’s standard of living.Transcranial magnetic stimulation,a noninvasive neuromodulation technique,is frequently employed to treat cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders.AIM To analyzed the state of international research on neuromodulation methods for treating cognitive impairment between 2014 and 2023,with the aim of exploring the state of research worldwide and the most recent developments in this particular area.METHODS Articles and reviews pertaining to neuromodulation methods for cognitive impairment were examined using the web of science database between January 2014 and December 2023.Publications,nations,organizations,writers,journals,citations,and keywords data from the identified studies were systematically analyzed using the CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software.RESULTS A total of 2371 documents with 11750 authors and 9461 institutions,with some cooccurrences,were retrieved.The quantity of yearly publications is showing an increasing trend.The United States and China have emerged as important contributors.Among the institutes,Harvard University had the highest number of publications,while Rossi S an author who is frequently cited.Initially,the primary keywords included human motor cortex,placebo-controlled trials,and serotonin reuptake inhibitors.However,the emphasis gradually moved to substance use disorders,supplementary motor areas,neural mechanisms,and exercise.CONCLUSION The use of neuromodulation techniques to treat cognitive impairment has drawn interest from academics all around the world.This study revealed hotspots and new trends in the research of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a cognitive impairment rehabilitation treatment.These findings are hold significant potential to guide further research and thus promote transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment method for cognitive impairment.

Cosinor-rhythmometry for 24-h urinary sodium,potassium,creatinine excretion in the Chinese adult population

Background:The low accuracy of equations predicting 24-h urinary sodium excretion using a single spot urine sample contributed to the misclassification of individual sodium intake levels.The application of single spot urine sample is limited by a lack of representativity of urinary sodium excretion,possibly due to the circadian rhythm in urinary excretion.This study aimed to explore the circadian rhythm,characteristics,and parameters in a healthy young adult Chinese population as a theoretical foundation for developing new approaches.Methods:Eighty-five participants(mean age 32.4 years)completed the 24-h urine ollction by sccessively cllecing each of the single-voided specimens within 24 h.The concentrations of the urinary sodium,potassium,and creatinine for cach voided specimen were measured.Cosinor analysis was applied to explore the circadian rhythm of the urinary sodium,potassium,and creatinine excretion.The excretion per hour was computed for analyzing the change over time with repeated-measures analysis of variance and a cubic spline model.Results:The metabolism of urinary sodium,potassium,and creatinine showed different patterns of circadian rhythm,although the urinary sodiurm excretion showed non-significant parameters in the cosinor model.A significant circadian rhythm of urinary creatinine excretion was observed,while the circadian rhythm of sodium was less significant than that of potassium.The circadian rhythm of urinary sodium and creatinine excretion showed synchronization to some extent,which had a nocturnal peak and fell to the lowest around noon to afternoon.In contrast,the peak of potassium was observed in the morning and dropped to the lowest point in the evening.The hourly urinary excretion followed a similar circadian rhythm.Conclusion:It is necessary to consider the circadian rhythm of urinary sodium,potassium,and creatinine excretion in adults while exploring the estimation model for 24-h urinary sodium excretion using spot urine.