Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Temporomandibular Ankylosis at the Conakry Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a fusion of joint surfaces by fibrous or bone tissue and the resulting limitation of mouth opening. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of TMJA, describe the clinical aspects and assess management. Materials and Method: It was a retrospective study that was carried out in the Department of Odontostomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of Donka National Hospital for a period of 5 years (January 2016 to December 2020). Included were all records of inpatients and managed cases of TMJA during the study period. Socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were analyzed. Results: During the study 13 TMJA cases were collected with the frequency of 0.47%. The age group 1 - 9 was the most affected (61.54%) with extremes of 4 and 28 years. Men were the most concerned (53.87%). Restriction of mouth opening was the main reason for consultation (69.23%). The etiologies of ankylosis were dominated by infection including cellulitis of dental origin (53.85%) followed by facial trauma (30.77%). Arthroplasty was the most commonly used technique (73%), two cases of recurrence were noted (15.38%). Conclusion: TMJA affects mainly children and the etiology is dominated by cellulite of dental origin hence the interest of sensitization of the population for early management of oral diseases.

Oral Lesions Observed in Tobacco Consumers: Socio-Demographical and Clinical Aspects in the Prefectures of Kankan and Siguiri Republic of Guinea

Introduction: Oral lesions observed in Chewing Tobacco (CT) consumers are histological alterations caused by direct contact with the tissues of the oral cavity. The objectives of this study were to determine the socio-demographic status of consumers and describe the clinical characteristics of the oral lesions observed. Material and Method: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 12 months (January 2017 to January 2018), in the prefectures of Kankan and Siguiri as a framework. Individuals who use chewing tobacco and whose oral examination revealed oral lesions were included in this study. Results: The frequency of oral lesions induced by the consumption of chewing tobacco was 90%. Dental pain was the most cited reason for using CT by respondents, i.e., 25.41%. The most concerned age group was that of 50 - 64 years or 23.81 with a male predominance of 84.13% (n = 53). A number of 61 respondents came from rural areas. Farmers were the predominant socio-professional group, i.e., 63.49% (n = 40). In 60.32% (n = 38) of respondents, the duration of CT consumption was greater than 10 years. Black villous tongues followed by neoplastic ulcerations were the most common oral lesions with 32 (50.79%) and 14 (22.22%) cases, respectively. The site of the lesion was the tongue in 47 consumers (74.61%) and in the lower vestibule in 15 users (23.80%). Among the oral diseases, mylolysis was the most common, i.e., 95.24% (n = 60). In 82.54% of cases (n = 52), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI) was low and in 12.70% (n = 8) of respondents, SOHI was good. Conclusion: Chewing tobacco predisposes to a high risk of damage to the oral cavity and the development of potentially malignant lesions. In addition, it exerts some detrimental effects on the teeth and adjacent structures.

Haematological and Biochemical Variations in Cervico-Facial Cellulitis of Dental Origin in the City of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Background: Cervicofacial cellulitis is a severe infection and is responsible for a major disruption of host homeostasis. The aim of this work was to describe the haematological and biochemical variations of cervico-facial cellulitis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January to 31 December 2020. All patients hospitalized for cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin were included in the study. The usual parameters of descriptive statistics were estimated for each variable. Results: Our sample consisted of 166 patients. The average age of patients with cervicofacial cellulitis in our study was 39.9 ± 15.39 years. Red blood cell count was low in 55.5% of patients and hyperleukocytosis was noted in 89.16% of patients. Platelets were normal in 43.14% of patients and 78.43% of patients had a low haematocrit (haemodilution). Anemia was noted in 64.7% of patients. In addition, 61.0% of patients had elevated uricemia and 31.17% had elevated creatinemia. Conclusion: Cellulitis is still a common condition in less privileged environments. Its diagnosis can be guided by clinical and biological findings. Consistent education of the population on oral health, and the control of biological disorders that result from it, are sufficient to greatly reduce its prevalence and the appearance of complicated forms.

Survey of Patient Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding ENT Pathologies in a Tertiary Health Care Facility in West Africa

The ENT pathologies are not well known to the populations of our developing countries. This lack of knowledge leads certain subjects to have attitudes and practices that favor their occurrence and/or their aggravation. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and describe the attitudes and practices of patients facing ENT pathologies at the Conakry Hospital and University Center (CHU). This was a prospective, descriptive study lasting six months (June-November 2018). Among the 1410 patients who had consulted in the department during the study period, 1102 had participated in the survey, or 78.16% of cases. The mean age of the patients was 39.3 ± 17.3 years, predominantly female, for a sex ratio of 0.75. The majority of patients were of university education (41.02%) and civil servants (38.66%) represented the dominant socio-professional layer. Rhino-sinusitis (30.85%) and ear infections (20.14%) were the most common pathologies. Almost a third (32.85%) of respondents had no knowledge of behaviors harmful to ENT health. More than half (52.45%) of the patients did not know of any factors favoring the occurrence of ENT pathologies. The therapeutic orientation had been made towards modern medicine in 63.52% against 4.54% for traditional medicine. The choice of self-medication concerned 31.94% of patients. This survey showed that patients have limited knowledge of ENT pathologies as well as the attitudes and practices likely to favor their occurrence. However, a multicenter study involving a larger proportion of patients will confirm these data.

Craniofacial Horn Injuries: Rares Lesional Entities at the University Hospital of Bouaké(Côte d’Ivoire)

Aim: Describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic particularities of craniofacial trauma by encornment. Type of study: This was a retrospective and descriptive study. Material and methods: It took place in the surgical emergency departments of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire) University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2017, for a period of 5 years. It focused on patients of 0 to 5 years old admitted for craniofacial trauma involving the horn of a bovine. Results: Of the 26 cases of traumatic encornment, 11 were craniofacial location (42%). There were 9 male and 2 female victims. The average age was 10.54 years with extremes of 6 months and 24 years. Patients came from rural areas of Côte d’Ivoire. Bovids were responsible for all causal encornements. The lesions involved the scalp (3 cases) and the face (8 cases). The lesions were cutaneous-musculo skeletal in 7 cases. The surgical treatment included debridement associated to a suture in all cases and associated with maxillo mandibular blockage in 3 cases and duro-cranioplasty in one case. Conclusion: In the local context, facial cranio traumatism by encornement is rare and seems to be essentially infantile, masculine and rural problem.

Epidemiological Aspects of Cervicofacial Cellulitis Due to Dental Origin in the City of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Background: Head and neck cellulitis of dental origin are polymicrobial bacterial infections involving the cellulo-adipose spaces of the face and neck. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with head and neck cellulitis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January to 30 June 2020. All patients consulting for cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin in 2 university hospitals in Ouagadougou were included in the study. The usual parameters of descriptive statistics were estimated for each variable. Results: Two hundred and ninety-two cases (184 men and 108 women), aged 3 to 85 years were collected. The 25 - 35 years old were the most affected (33%). Decay was the leading dental cause (95.6%). The delay in consultation was included within 7 days in 74.66% of cases. Ninety-one-point forty-four percent of patients had poor oral hygiene. Diffuse cellulitis was the most common (64.04%) and peri-mandibular regions were the most invaded (42.81%). Conclusion: The frequencies observed in our study allow us to conclude that cervicofacial cellulitis of dental origin is still frequent and affects a young and disadvantaged population.