There are several challenges to inner ear drug delivery and imaging due to the existence of tight biological barriers to the target structure and the dense bone surrounding it. Advances in imaging and nanomedicine may...There are several challenges to inner ear drug delivery and imaging due to the existence of tight biological barriers to the target structure and the dense bone surrounding it. Advances in imaging and nanomedicine may provide knowledge for overcoming the existing limitations to both the diagnosis and treatment of inner ear diseases. Novel techniques have improved the efficacy of drug delivery and targeting to the inner ear, as well as the quality and accuracy of imaging this structure. In this review, we will describe the pathways and biological barriers of the inner ear regarding drug delivery, the beneficial applications and limitations of the imaging techniques available for inner ear research, the behavior of engineered nanomaterials in inner ear applications, and future perspectives for nanomedicine-based inner ear imaging.展开更多
Objective:Studies examining the association of reflux disease with the risk of developing laryngeal cancer have both proven and disproven the null hypothesis.Methods:This retrospective caseecontrol study examines the ...Objective:Studies examining the association of reflux disease with the risk of developing laryngeal cancer have both proven and disproven the null hypothesis.Methods:This retrospective caseecontrol study examines the association of reflux in two populations exposed to similar risk factors,including tobacco,to the extent that end-organ malignant transformation has occurred.After IRB approval was obtained,a search of our hospital’s cancer center’s database was performed from 2000 to 2013.A retrospective chart review was then performed and the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients with laryngeal cancer(n Z 290)was determined.It was then compared to the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients presenting with lung cancer(n Z 2440)during the same time period.A multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association of reflux with laryngeal cancer.Results:Taking into consideration tobacco use,there was a strong association between male gender and occurrence of laryngeal cancer as opposed to lung cancer(OR Z 3.30;95%CI 2.53e4.36,P<0.001).There was a modest association between reflux and laryngeal cancer(OR Z 1.65;95%CI 1.19e2.25,P Z 0.003).However,there was no association between reflux and the propensity for carcinoma in specific laryngeal subsites(P Z 0.47).Conclusions:In this study examining a heterogeneous population with end-organ malignancy there was a modest association between reflux and laryngeal cancer.Further research is necessary to determine the biologic relevance of this finding.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:81170914/H1304)
文摘There are several challenges to inner ear drug delivery and imaging due to the existence of tight biological barriers to the target structure and the dense bone surrounding it. Advances in imaging and nanomedicine may provide knowledge for overcoming the existing limitations to both the diagnosis and treatment of inner ear diseases. Novel techniques have improved the efficacy of drug delivery and targeting to the inner ear, as well as the quality and accuracy of imaging this structure. In this review, we will describe the pathways and biological barriers of the inner ear regarding drug delivery, the beneficial applications and limitations of the imaging techniques available for inner ear research, the behavior of engineered nanomaterials in inner ear applications, and future perspectives for nanomedicine-based inner ear imaging.
文摘Objective:Studies examining the association of reflux disease with the risk of developing laryngeal cancer have both proven and disproven the null hypothesis.Methods:This retrospective caseecontrol study examines the association of reflux in two populations exposed to similar risk factors,including tobacco,to the extent that end-organ malignant transformation has occurred.After IRB approval was obtained,a search of our hospital’s cancer center’s database was performed from 2000 to 2013.A retrospective chart review was then performed and the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients with laryngeal cancer(n Z 290)was determined.It was then compared to the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients presenting with lung cancer(n Z 2440)during the same time period.A multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association of reflux with laryngeal cancer.Results:Taking into consideration tobacco use,there was a strong association between male gender and occurrence of laryngeal cancer as opposed to lung cancer(OR Z 3.30;95%CI 2.53e4.36,P<0.001).There was a modest association between reflux and laryngeal cancer(OR Z 1.65;95%CI 1.19e2.25,P Z 0.003).However,there was no association between reflux and the propensity for carcinoma in specific laryngeal subsites(P Z 0.47).Conclusions:In this study examining a heterogeneous population with end-organ malignancy there was a modest association between reflux and laryngeal cancer.Further research is necessary to determine the biologic relevance of this finding.
