Objective： Co-medication with antibacterials is often necessary in the management of diabetic patients. There is a constantneed to evaluate the use of these antibacterials to improve therapeutic outcomes and to avoid...Objective： Co-medication with antibacterials is often necessary in the management of diabetic patients. There is a constantneed to evaluate the use of these antibacterials to improve therapeutic outcomes and to avoid practices that could possibly increase theemergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of antibacterials in the diabetic clinic of aNigerian tertiary hospital. Methods： A retrospective evaluation and analysis of patients＇ case notes written by physicians in the diabeticclinic over a three-year period （January, 2008-December, 2010） was conducted. The case notes were the individual medical records for150 different hospitalized diabetic patients with infection as co-indication. Data was collected using a WHO instrument for studies ofrational drug use. Results： Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, percentages and standard deviation were used to analyzecategorical data obtained from the demographic variables. Fisher exact test and chi square test were employed to determine whetherthere were statistically significant differences or associations between mean values of antibacterial prescription pattern and attendantdosage errors. （P =/〈 0.05 was accepted as significant）. Comparing the mean number of antibacterial drugs in each prescription yearlyyielded a mean of 1.32 in 2008, 1.37 in 2009 and 1.67 in 2010, indicating that there was no statistically significant difference.Antibacterials were used to manage complications often seen in the diabetic patient, including; diabetic foot gangrene, injection abscess,septiceamia, diabetic foot ulcer, vaginal yeast infection, amongst others. Conclusions： The majority of prescriptions met the criteria forcompliance with the hospital＇s drug use protocol. The few instances of non-compliance with the hospital＇s antibiotic drug use protocolmay indicate the need for continuing education, especially for the less experienced prescribers.展开更多
Easily accessible (1R,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-2-formamidoethanol has been developed as an effective Lewis base catalyst in the enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketimines, affording high isolated yields (up to 94%) and mod...Easily accessible (1R,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-2-formamidoethanol has been developed as an effective Lewis base catalyst in the enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketimines, affording high isolated yields (up to 94%) and moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 82% ee) for a broad range of ketimines.展开更多
Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer among men in the United States. Several studies have correlated the development of prostate cancer with diet and life-style. Therefore, a balanced diet and improved life st...Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer among men in the United States. Several studies have correlated the development of prostate cancer with diet and life-style. Therefore, a balanced diet and improved life style might inhibit prostate cancer progression. Cancer chemoprevention has emerged as an important factor in controlling cancer development through natural or synthetic compounds. Oxidative stress is among the factors contributing to prostate cancer development. The transcription factor nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2) controls detoxifying antioxidant enzymes expression by binding to the antioxidant response element(ARE) in the promoter of these genes to activate their expression. Many natural products can fight oxidative stress and protects cells from DNA damage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. High consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce disease incidence and invasive tumors. In this review, the roles of important fruit and vegetable phytochemicals in regulating prostate cancer progression and tumor growth are discussed.展开更多
文摘Objective： Co-medication with antibacterials is often necessary in the management of diabetic patients. There is a constantneed to evaluate the use of these antibacterials to improve therapeutic outcomes and to avoid practices that could possibly increase theemergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of antibacterials in the diabetic clinic of aNigerian tertiary hospital. Methods： A retrospective evaluation and analysis of patients＇ case notes written by physicians in the diabeticclinic over a three-year period （January, 2008-December, 2010） was conducted. The case notes were the individual medical records for150 different hospitalized diabetic patients with infection as co-indication. Data was collected using a WHO instrument for studies ofrational drug use. Results： Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, percentages and standard deviation were used to analyzecategorical data obtained from the demographic variables. Fisher exact test and chi square test were employed to determine whetherthere were statistically significant differences or associations between mean values of antibacterial prescription pattern and attendantdosage errors. （P =/〈 0.05 was accepted as significant）. Comparing the mean number of antibacterial drugs in each prescription yearlyyielded a mean of 1.32 in 2008, 1.37 in 2009 and 1.67 in 2010, indicating that there was no statistically significant difference.Antibacterials were used to manage complications often seen in the diabetic patient, including; diabetic foot gangrene, injection abscess,septiceamia, diabetic foot ulcer, vaginal yeast infection, amongst others. Conclusions： The majority of prescriptions met the criteria forcompliance with the hospital＇s drug use protocol. The few instances of non-compliance with the hospital＇s antibiotic drug use protocolmay indicate the need for continuing education, especially for the less experienced prescribers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20672107 and 20732006)
文摘Easily accessible (1R,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-2-formamidoethanol has been developed as an effective Lewis base catalyst in the enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketimines, affording high isolated yields (up to 94%) and moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 82% ee) for a broad range of ketimines.
基金supported in part by Institutional Funds and from the National Cancer Institute(Grant No.R01-CA118947,R01-CA152826)the National Center for Complementary and Alt ernative Medicines and the Office of Dietary Supplements(Grant No.R01AT007065)
文摘Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer among men in the United States. Several studies have correlated the development of prostate cancer with diet and life-style. Therefore, a balanced diet and improved life style might inhibit prostate cancer progression. Cancer chemoprevention has emerged as an important factor in controlling cancer development through natural or synthetic compounds. Oxidative stress is among the factors contributing to prostate cancer development. The transcription factor nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2) controls detoxifying antioxidant enzymes expression by binding to the antioxidant response element(ARE) in the promoter of these genes to activate their expression. Many natural products can fight oxidative stress and protects cells from DNA damage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. High consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce disease incidence and invasive tumors. In this review, the roles of important fruit and vegetable phytochemicals in regulating prostate cancer progression and tumor growth are discussed.
