Photokilling of waterborne-resistant pathogenic bacteria using cobalt-doped zinc oxide doped on reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles

This study is aimed at the chemical synthesis of light-activated cobalt-doped zinc oxide and its further doping on reduced graphene oxide(RGO)and assessment of its antibacterial activity on antibiotic-resistant waterborne pathogens including Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumonia,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized via UV–vis spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of nanoparticles portrayed a significant killing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.The synthesized nanoparticles were further found as active killers of bacteria in drinking water.Further,these nanoparticles were found photothermally active alongside ROS generators.The photokilling activity makes them ideal replacement candidates for traditional water filters.

In situ measurement of ECM rheology and microheterogeneity in embedded and overlaid 3D pancreatic tumor stroma co-cultures via passive particle tracking

Tumor growth is regulated by a diverse set of extraellular infuences,including paracrine crosstalk with stromal partners,and biophysical interactions with surrounding cells and tissues.Studies elucidating the role of physical force and the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix(ECM)itself as regulators of tumor growth and invasion have been greatly catalyzed by the use of in ritro three-dimensional(3D)tumor models.These systems provide the ability to systematically isolate,manipulate,and evaluate impact of stromal components and extracellular mechanics in a platform that is both conducive to imaging and biologically relevant.However,recognizing that mechanoregulatory crosstalk is bi-directional and fully utilizing these models requires complementary methods for in situ measurements of the local mechanical environment.Here,in 3D tumor/fbroblast co-culture models of pancreatic canocer,a discase characterized by its prominent stromal involvement,we evaluate the use of particle-tracking microrhoology to probe dynamic mechanical changes.Using videos of fuorescently labeled polystyrene micro-spheres embedded in ollagen I ECM,we measure spatiotemporal changes in the Brownian motion of probes to report local ECM shear modulus and microheterogeneity.This approach reveals st ffening of collagen in fibroblast co-cultures relative to cultures with cancer cells only,which exhibit degraded ECM with heterogeneous microstructure.We further show that these effects are dependent on culture geometry with contrast ing behavior for embedded and overlay cultures.In addition to potential application to screening stroma targeted therapeutics,this work also provides insight into how the compoition and plating geometry impact the mechanical propertios of 3D cell cultures that are increasingly widey used in cancer biology.

Terahertz endoscopic imaging for colorectal cancer detection:Current status and future perspectives

Terahertz(THz) imaging is progressing as a robust platform for myriad applications in the field of security,health,and material science.The THz regime,which comprises wavelengths spanning from microns to millimeters,is non-ionizing and has very low photon energy:Making it inherently safe for biological imaging.Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world,while the conventional screening and standard of care yet relies exclusively on the physician's experience.Researchers have been working on the development of a flexible THz endoscope,as a potential tool to aid in colorectal cancer screening.This involves building a single-channel THz endoscope,and profiling the THz response from colorectal tissue,and demonstrating endogenous contrast levels between normal and diseased tissue when imaging in reflection modality.The current level of contrast provided by the prototype THz endoscopic system represents a significant step towards clinical endoscopic application of THz technology for invivo colorectal cancer screening.The aim of this paper is to provide a short review of the recent advances in THz endoscopic technology and cancer imaging.In particular,the potential of single-channel THz endoscopic imaging for colonic cancer screening will be highlighted.

A model of unified quantum chromodynamics and Yang-Mills gravity

Based on a generalized Yang-Mills framework, gravitational and strong interactions can be unified in analogy with the unification in the electroweak theory. By gauging T （4） × [SU （3）] color in flat space-time, we have a unified model of chromo-gravity with a new tensor gauge field, which couples universally to all gluons, quarks and anti-quarks. The space-time translational gauge symmetry assures that all wave equations of quarks and gluons reduce to a Hamilton-Jacobi equation with the same ‘effective Riemann metric tensors’ in the geometric-optics （or classical） limit. The emergence of ef f ective metric tensors in the classical limit is essential for the unified model to agree with experiments. The unified model suggests that all gravitational, strong and electroweak interactions appear to be dictated by gauge symmetries in the generalized Yang-Mills framework.

Quantum advantages for image filtering on images with efficient encoding and lower-bounded signal-to-noise ratio

Quantum image processing has long been a fascinating field,but establishing the existence of quantum speedup for all images remains challenging.In this study,we aim to identify a subset of images for which a quantum algorithm can be developed with a guaranteed advantage.Specifically,we present a quantum image filtering algorithm that exhibits an exponential speedup for efficiently encoded images with a lower-bounded signal-to-noise ratio.Our approach relies on a fixed-point Grover's search to emulate the effect of Hadamard multiplication with the filtering function.To demonstrate its effectiveness,we apply our method to three typical filtering problems.Additionally,we emphasize the significance of the efficient-encoding assumption by illustrating that the quantum speedup may diminish for images lacking efficient encoding.Our work underscores the importance of exploring image types and features to realize potential quantum advantages in image processing.

A unified model with a generalized gauge symmetry and its cosmological implications

A unified model is based on a generalized gauge symmetry with groups [Sg3c]color×（SU2×U1）X[U1b×U11]. It implies that all interactions should preserve conservation laws of baryon number, lepton number, and electric charge, etc. The baryonie U1b, leptonie U11 and color SU3o gauge transformations are generalized to involve nonintegrable phase factors. One has gauge invariant fourth-order equations for massless gauge fields, which leads to linear potentials in the [U1b × U11] and color [SUao] sectors. We discuss possible cosmological implications of the new baryonie gauge field. It can produce a very small constant repulsive force between two baryon galaxies （or between two anti-baryon galaxies）, where the baryon force can overcome the gravitational force at very large distances and leads to an accelerated cosmic expansion. Based on conservation laws in the unified model, we discuss a simple rotating dumbbell universe with equal amounts of matter and anti-matter, which may be pictured as two gigantic rotating clusters of galaxies. Within the gigantic baryonie cluster, a galaxy will have an approximately linearly accelerated expansion due to the effective force of constant density of all baryonie matter. The same expansion happens in the gigantic anti-baryonic cluster. Physical implications of the generalized gauge symmetry on charmonium confining potentials due to new SUac field equations, frequency shift of distant supernovae Ia and their experimental tests are discussed.

Exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift based on cosmological principle and Yang-Mills gravity

Based on the cosmological principle and quantum Yang-Mills gravity in the super-macroscopic limit, we obtain an exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift z, as measured in an inertial frame F≡F(t,x,y,z). For a matter-dominated universe, we have the effective cosmic metric tensor Gμν(t)=(B^2(t),-A^2(t),-A^2(t),-A^2(t)), A∝B∝t^1/2, where t has the operational meaning of time in F frame. We assume a cosmic action S≡Scos involving Gμν(t) and derive the ‘Okubo equation’ of motion, G^μν(t)■μS■νS-m^2=0, for a distant galaxy with mass m. This cosmic equation predicts an exact recession velocity, r=rH/[1/2+√1/4+r^2H^2/C0^2]<Co, where H=A(t)/A(t) and Co=B/A, as observed in the inertial frame F. For small velocities, we have the usual Hubble's law r≈rH for recession velocities. Following the formulation of the accelerated Wu-Doppler effect, we investigate cosmic redshifts z as measured in F. It is natural to assume the massless Okubo equation, G^μν(t)■μψe■νψe=0, for light emitted from accelerated distant galaxies. Based on the principle of limiting continuation of physical laws, we obtain a transformation for covariant wave 4-vectors between and inertial and an accelerated frame, and predict a relationship for the exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift, z=[(1+Vr)/(1-Vr^2)1/2]-1, where Vr=r/Co<1, as observed in the inertial frame F. These predictions of the cosmic model are consistent with experiments for small velocities and should be further tested.

Quark confinement, new cosmic expansion and general Yang-Mills symmetry

We discuss a unified model of quark confinement and new cosmic expansion with linear potentials based on a general（SU3）color×（U1）baryon symmetry. The phase functions in the usual gauge transformations are generalized to new ‘action integrals＇. The general Yang-Mills transformations have group properties and reduce to usual gauge transformations in special cases. Both quarks and ‘gauge bosons＇ are permanently confined by linear potentials. In this unified model of particle-cosmology, physics in the largest cosmos and that in the smallest quark system appear to both be dictated by the general Yang-Mills symmetry and characterized by a universal length. The basic force between two baryons is independent of distance. However, the cosmic repulsive force exerted on a baryonic supernova by a uniform sphere of galaxies is proportional to the distance from the center of the sphere. The new general YangMills field may give a field-theoretic explanation of the accelerated cosmic expansion. The prediction could be tested experimentally by measuring the frequency shifts of supernovae at different distances.