The magnetometer data obtained for 2008 from geomagnetic stations installed across Africa by magnetic data acquisition set (MAGDAS) have been used to study the ionospheric Sq current system in the equatorial and low-l...The magnetometer data obtained for 2008 from geomagnetic stations installed across Africa by magnetic data acquisition set (MAGDAS) have been used to study the ionospheric Sq current system in the equatorial and low-latitudes of Africa. The aim of this work is to separate the quiet-day field variations obtained in the equatorial and low latitude regions of Africa into their external and internal field contributions and then to use the paired external and internal coefficients of the SHA to determine the source current and induced currents. The method used involved a spherical harmonic analysis (SHA). This was applied in the separation of the internal and external field/current contribution to the Sq variations. The result shows that the variation in the currents is seen to be a dawn-to-dusk phenomenon with the variation in the external currents different from that of the internal currents both in amplitude and in phase. Furthermore, the seasonal variation in the external current maximizes during the March equinox and minimizes during the December solstice. The maximum current observed in AAB and ILR is due to the Equatorial Electrojet Current present in the AAB and ILR stations. Seasonal variation was observed in the geomagnetic component variations as well as in the currents. This is attributed to the position of the sun with respect to the earth at different months of the year. The equinoctial maximum is observed in external current intensity which occurred mostly during the March Equinox.展开更多
Two sets of Organic dyes were developed using kassod and senna plant leaves. The first sets of dyes are the organic dye from the leaves of two plants while the second set is the dye produce after combining together th...Two sets of Organic dyes were developed using kassod and senna plant leaves. The first sets of dyes are the organic dye from the leaves of two plants while the second set is the dye produce after combining together the dyes from the kassod and senna plants leaves. The two sets of dyes were used to sensitize the grown films. The films were characterized and the current voltage values of the grown films were obtained. The solar simulation result of the grown film for Kassod dyed TiO<sub>2</sub> film was recorded for single dyes and for the <span "="">combination of the two dyes. The result also covers absorbance of the spectra lines, absorbance coefficient values of the dyed TiO<sub>2</sub>, as well as transmittance and energy band gap values of the developed films. The precursors of tin (IV) chloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) (60%) and hydrofluoric acid (40%) was deposited on the cleaned soda</span>-lime glass using the chemical vapour deposition method and <span "="">nitrogen gas was supplied as a carrier gas through the bubbler to form the FTO layer. Titanium dioxide paste (TiO<sub>2</sub>) was deposited using </span>a <span "="">screen printing method to form M-TiO<sub>2</sub>.展开更多
文摘The magnetometer data obtained for 2008 from geomagnetic stations installed across Africa by magnetic data acquisition set (MAGDAS) have been used to study the ionospheric Sq current system in the equatorial and low-latitudes of Africa. The aim of this work is to separate the quiet-day field variations obtained in the equatorial and low latitude regions of Africa into their external and internal field contributions and then to use the paired external and internal coefficients of the SHA to determine the source current and induced currents. The method used involved a spherical harmonic analysis (SHA). This was applied in the separation of the internal and external field/current contribution to the Sq variations. The result shows that the variation in the currents is seen to be a dawn-to-dusk phenomenon with the variation in the external currents different from that of the internal currents both in amplitude and in phase. Furthermore, the seasonal variation in the external current maximizes during the March equinox and minimizes during the December solstice. The maximum current observed in AAB and ILR is due to the Equatorial Electrojet Current present in the AAB and ILR stations. Seasonal variation was observed in the geomagnetic component variations as well as in the currents. This is attributed to the position of the sun with respect to the earth at different months of the year. The equinoctial maximum is observed in external current intensity which occurred mostly during the March Equinox.
文摘Two sets of Organic dyes were developed using kassod and senna plant leaves. The first sets of dyes are the organic dye from the leaves of two plants while the second set is the dye produce after combining together the dyes from the kassod and senna plants leaves. The two sets of dyes were used to sensitize the grown films. The films were characterized and the current voltage values of the grown films were obtained. The solar simulation result of the grown film for Kassod dyed TiO<sub>2</sub> film was recorded for single dyes and for the <span "="">combination of the two dyes. The result also covers absorbance of the spectra lines, absorbance coefficient values of the dyed TiO<sub>2</sub>, as well as transmittance and energy band gap values of the developed films. The precursors of tin (IV) chloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) (60%) and hydrofluoric acid (40%) was deposited on the cleaned soda</span>-lime glass using the chemical vapour deposition method and <span "="">nitrogen gas was supplied as a carrier gas through the bubbler to form the FTO layer. Titanium dioxide paste (TiO<sub>2</sub>) was deposited using </span>a <span "="">screen printing method to form M-TiO<sub>2</sub>.
