Different from the common delayed synchronization(DS)in which response appears after stimulation,anticipated synchronization(AS)in unidirectionally coupled neurons denotes a counterintuitive phenomenon in which respon...Different from the common delayed synchronization(DS)in which response appears after stimulation,anticipated synchronization(AS)in unidirectionally coupled neurons denotes a counterintuitive phenomenon in which response of the receiver neuron appears before stimulation of the sender neuron,showing an interesting function of brain to anticipate the future.The dynamical mechanism for the AS remains unclear due to complex dynamics of inhibitory and excitatory modulations.In this article,the paradoxical roles of excitatory synapse and inhibitory autapse in the formation of AS are acquired.Firstly,in addition to the common roles such that inhibitory modulation delays and excitatory modulation advances spike,paradoxical roles of excitatory stimulation to delay spike via type-II phase response and of inhibitory autapse to advance spike are obtained in suitable parameter regions,extending the dynamics and functions of the excitatory and inhibitory modulations.Secondly,AS is related to the paradoxical roles of the excitatory and inhibitory modulations,presenting deep understandings to the AS.Inhibitory autapse induces spike of the receiver neuron advanced to appear before that of the sender neuron at first,and then excitatory synapse plays a delay role to prevent the spike further advanced,resulting in the AS as the advance and delay effects realize a dynamic balance.Lastly,inhibitory autapse with strong advance,middle advance,and weak advance and delay effects induce phase drift(spike of the receiver neuron advances continuously),AS,and DS,respectively,presenting comprehensive relationships between AS and other behaviors.The results present potential measures to modulate AS related to brain function.展开更多
Science and technology are advancing at a breakneck pace.Only individuals with strong mathematical skills and knowledge will be able to adapt to social development and progress.However,advanced mathematics education i...Science and technology are advancing at a breakneck pace.Only individuals with strong mathematical skills and knowledge will be able to adapt to social development and progress.However,advanced mathematics education is often neglected in vocational universities.Student and conceptual factors are invariably to blame.Therefore,it is urgent to improve the teaching quality of advanced mathematics in vocational universities.In improving the teaching quality,it is necessary to change the teaching mode,advocate interest in learning,emphasize on the cultivation of students’skills during teaching,implement stratified teaching,lay emphasis on mathematical models,and strengthen the evaluation and assessment of students.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072236,12162002,and11802086)the Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NJYT-20-A09)the Program for Excellent Young Talents in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province of China(Grant No.gxyq ZD2020077)。
文摘Different from the common delayed synchronization(DS)in which response appears after stimulation,anticipated synchronization(AS)in unidirectionally coupled neurons denotes a counterintuitive phenomenon in which response of the receiver neuron appears before stimulation of the sender neuron,showing an interesting function of brain to anticipate the future.The dynamical mechanism for the AS remains unclear due to complex dynamics of inhibitory and excitatory modulations.In this article,the paradoxical roles of excitatory synapse and inhibitory autapse in the formation of AS are acquired.Firstly,in addition to the common roles such that inhibitory modulation delays and excitatory modulation advances spike,paradoxical roles of excitatory stimulation to delay spike via type-II phase response and of inhibitory autapse to advance spike are obtained in suitable parameter regions,extending the dynamics and functions of the excitatory and inhibitory modulations.Secondly,AS is related to the paradoxical roles of the excitatory and inhibitory modulations,presenting deep understandings to the AS.Inhibitory autapse induces spike of the receiver neuron advanced to appear before that of the sender neuron at first,and then excitatory synapse plays a delay role to prevent the spike further advanced,resulting in the AS as the advance and delay effects realize a dynamic balance.Lastly,inhibitory autapse with strong advance,middle advance,and weak advance and delay effects induce phase drift(spike of the receiver neuron advances continuously),AS,and DS,respectively,presenting comprehensive relationships between AS and other behaviors.The results present potential measures to modulate AS related to brain function.
基金Science Research Foundation of Yunnan Open University(Grant Number:21YNOU13)Web Front-End Development Research Center of Yunnan Open University。
文摘Science and technology are advancing at a breakneck pace.Only individuals with strong mathematical skills and knowledge will be able to adapt to social development and progress.However,advanced mathematics education is often neglected in vocational universities.Student and conceptual factors are invariably to blame.Therefore,it is urgent to improve the teaching quality of advanced mathematics in vocational universities.In improving the teaching quality,it is necessary to change the teaching mode,advocate interest in learning,emphasize on the cultivation of students’skills during teaching,implement stratified teaching,lay emphasis on mathematical models,and strengthen the evaluation and assessment of students.
