First Reconstructive Plastic Surgery of the Perineum in a Hominin Pan paniscus (Bonobo) and Plea by a Plastic Surgeon for Surgery for the Benefit of All Hominins (Members of the Human Lineage)

We present, for the first time, the repair by plastic surgery procedures of a large loss of perineal substance in a bonobo (hominin Pan paniscus). A 20-year-old male bonobo living in captivity in the Lola Ya Bonobo Sanctuary in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was attacked by another bonobo. It was a large perineal wound through which urine flowed, located between the penis and the testicles, taking part of the anterior and posterior urethra, the bladder, as well as the elements of the spermatic duct. To repair the large loss of perineal substance, a pedicled flap of scrotal skin was removed, and then turned over, cutaneous surface on the trench of the loss of bladder substance and the urethral lumen. The postoperative course was satisfactory with healing by the first intention of the surgical wound, despite the wild postoperative behavior of the patient (removal of the vesicourethral catheter and protective plaster). We observed in the short term an urethro-cutaneous fistula, left in natural healing. The reconstructive surgery procedures applied in humans can also be applied with satisfactory results in bonobos, a species in the process of extension and whose members are our closest cousins. The bonobo is genetically close to humans. Based on this first successful experience, we advocate for reconstructive plastic surgery for all hominins (members of the human lineage), if indicated.

Abdominoplasty, Liposuction and Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL) in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. My Experience in This Aesthetic Plastic Surgery with Black African Women in a Low-Income Country

Background: In low-income African countries, the demand and use of plastic surgery operations including abdominoplasty, liposuction and Brazilian butt lift (BBL) are increasing. The goal of this work is to present my experience and the challenges of this aesthetic plastic surgery among black African women. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted about the abdominoplasties, liposuctions and Brazilian butt lift (BBL) which I operated in public and private hospitals at Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) in black African women. It covers a period of 13 years, going from December 1, 2010 to December 1, 2023. For this study, I had at least 6 months period (to Juin 1, 2024) to assess the occurrence of early and late postoperative complications. Results: I performed 84 abdominoplasties, 144 liposuctions and 23 Brazilian butt lifts (BBL). The average age at the time of abdominoplasty was 44 years with extremes ranging from 26 to 55 years and a concentration of cases (60.7%) in the age group of 40 to 49 years. The age group of 20 to 29 years old represented the lowest rate of requests for abdominoplasty (4.7%). Patients with a BMI of 30 to 2 were the majority (61.9%), followed by those between 25 to 2 (29.7%). 67.8% of patients were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The average age at the time of liposuction was 41 years with extremes ranging from 21 years to 69 years;and more than half of cases (68%) in the age group between 30 and 49 years. As for Brazilian butt lift (BBL), the average age was 33 years with extremes ranging from 24 to 42 years and a concentration of patients (91.3%) between 20 and 39 years. The immediate postoperative complications of abdominoplasties observed were: seroma in 7% of cases, hematoma and partial infection of the surgical site in 5% of cases. Pathological scars (hypertrophic, keloid) after abdominoplasties were observed in 9% of cases. The most common complication of liposuction was contour deformity. I observed 16 patients (11.1%) with soft-tissue depressions or elevations, skin panniculus or folds. For Brazalian Butt Lift (BBL), complications like asymmetry for 2 patients (8.9%), contour irregularities for 2 patients (8.9%), and excessive fat removal for 6 patients (26%), had observed. I have not recorded any cases of death or pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: I perform aesthetic plastic surgery procedures in black African women with a high socioeconomic standard of living compared to the average of the general population. The renunciation of planned surgery is motivated by the impossibility of paying the cost of the operation as well as by popular and religious perceptions regarding cosmetic surgery. The results of these aesthetic plastic surgery procedures carried out are very satisfactory for them. The challenges to overcome are mainly threefold: the unforeseeable complications of these cosmetic plastic surgery procedures, popular and religious perceptions of cosmetic surgery as well as the poverty of the population.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Solanum procumbens on a low dose complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsoluble Solanum procumbens extract(SP)with anti-inflammatory effects,including ursolic acid,β-sitosterol,hexadecanoic acid,cisvaccenic acid,and vanillic acid.Additionally,we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms,including paw volumes,local temperatures,withdrawal latency,and mechanical withdrawal threshold at the hind paw and white blood cell(WBC)number from complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models.Results:We have successfully established a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model at a low dose(1 mg/mL).SP extract significantly reduced paw volumes(P<0.05),prolonged withdrawal latencies(P<0.05),decreased local temperature,and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold(P<0.05),but only SP extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC numbers.Conclusions:SP extract could be a potential medication candidate with anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis,but it requires further investigation into the mechanism of the SP and its effectiveness on other models as well as clinical trials.

Risk factors and risk prediction model for mucocutaneous separation in enterostomy patients:A single center experience

BACKGROUND Mucocutaneous separation(MCS)is a common postoperative complication in enterostomy patients,potentially leading to significant morbidity.Early identification of risk factors is crucial for preventing this condition.However,predictive models for MCS remain underdeveloped.AIM To construct a risk prediction model for MCS in enterostomy patients and assess its clinical predictive accuracy.METHODS A total of 492 patients who underwent enterostomy from January 2019 to March 2023 were included in the study.Patients were divided into two groups,the MCS group(n=110),and the non-MCS(n=382)based on the occurrence of MCS within the first 3 weeks after surgery.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent predictive factors of MCS and the model constructed.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the model’s performance.RESULTS The postoperative MCS incidence rate was 22.4%.Suture dislodgement(P<0.0001),serum albumin level(P<0.0001),body mass index(BMI)(P=0.0006),hemoglobin level(P=0.0409),intestinal rapture(P=0.0043),incision infection(P<0.0001),neoadjuvant therapy(P=0.0432),stoma site(P=0.0028)and elevated intra-abdominal pressure(P=0.0395)were potential predictive factors of MCS.Suture dislodgement[P<0.0001,OR:28.007595%CI:(11.0901-82.1751)],serum albumin level(P=0.0008,OR:0.3504,95%CI:[0.1902-0.6485]),BMI[P=0.0045,OR:2.1361,95%CI:(1.2660-3.6235)],hemoglobin level[P=0.0269,OR:0.5164,95%CI:(0.2881-0.9324)],intestinal rapture[P=0.0351,OR:3.0694,95%CI:(1.0482-8.5558)],incision infection[P=0.0179,OR:0.2885,95%CI:(0.0950-0.7624)]and neoadjuvant therapy[P=0.0112,OR:1.9769,95%CI:(1.1718-3.3690)]were independent predictive factors and included in the model.The model had an area under the curve of 0.827 and good clinical utility on decision curve analysis.CONCLUSION The mucocutaneous separation prediction model constructed in this study has good predictive performance and can provide a reference for early warning of mucocutaneous separation in enterostomy patients.

Management of complex and redo cases of pelvic fracture urethral injuries

Objectives:Pelvic fracture urethral injuries(PFUI)result from traumatic disruption of the urethra.A significant proportion of cases are complex rendering their management challenging.We described management strategies for eight different complex PFUI scenarios.Methods:Our centre is a tertiary referral centre for complex PFUI cases.We maintain a prospective database(1995e2016),which we retrospectively analysed.All patients with PFUI managed at our institute were included.Results:Over two decades 1062 cases of PFUI were managed at our institute(521 primary and 541 redo cases).Most redo cases were referred to us from other centres.Redo cases had up to five prior attempts at urethroplasty.We managed complex cases,which included bulbar ischemia,young boys and girls with PFUI,PFUI with double block,concomitant PFUI and iatrogenic anterior urethral strictures.Bulbar ischemia merits substitution urethroplasty,most commonly,using pedicled preputial tube.PFUI in young girls is usually associated with urethrovaginal fistula.Young boys with PFUI commonly have a long gap necessitating trans-abdominal approach.Our success rate with individualised management is 85.60%in primary cases,79.13%in redo cases and 82.40%in cases of bulbar ischemia.Conclusion:The definition of complex PFUI is ever expanding.The best chance of success is at the first attempt.Anastomotic urethroplasty for PFUI should be performed in experienced hands at high volume centres.

Is V-Y plasty necessary for penile lengthening？ Girth enhancement and increased length solely through circumcision： description of a novel technique

Our objective is to describe a novel ligamentolysis approach using a subcoronal incision technique and to determine its safety and efficacy. During the last 7 years, 82 consecutive patients had penile augmentation surgery. Ligamentolysis, through a lower abdominal incision （V-Y plasty） in the first 35 males, was performed （Group A）, followed by circumcision ligamentolysis in the next 47 males （Group B）. The operation time, complications, and the preoperative and postoperative values of penile length and girth along with the self-esteem and relations questionnaire score as well as satisfaction score was calculated before and after the surgery, and a comparison was conducted between the groups. The mean age at presentation was 32 years （range： 18-56 years）. Seventy-nine patients suffered from penile dysmorphophobia, and three patients had micropenises （length 〈7.5 cm）. The mean surgical times were 150.7 and 125.2 rain for Groups A and B, respectively （P=0.005）. Postoperatively, four Group A patients and three Group B patients （11% versus 6%, respectively） experienced penile retraction （P=0.453）. Hypertrophic scars were observed in 18 men （51%） in the former group. In the circumcision group, no major wound complications were recorded. The length and girth improvements between the groups were similar. In terms of satisfaction and SEAR improvement, the resulting difference for both variables favored the circumcision group （P=0.007 and 〈0.001, respectively）. With strict selection criteria, the circumcision ligamentolysis procedure compared to the V-Y plasty demonstrated improved results in terms of safety, operation time, retraction rate and cosmetic appearance without any compromise in the gained penile size.

Enhancing the Surface Properties of a Bioengineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Matrix for Use with Point-of-Care Stem Cell Therapy

We have previously developed a poly(L-lactic)acid(PLLA)bioengineered anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)matrix that has demonstrated enhanced healing when seeded with primary ACL cells prior to implantation in a rabbit model,as compared with the matrix alone.This suggests that improving cell adhesion on the matrix may beneficially affect the healing response and long-term performance of the bioengineered ACL matrix.One regenerative engineering approach involves enhancing the surface properties of the matrix to support cell adhesion and growth in combination with point-of-care stem cell therapy.Herein,we studied the cell adhesion properties of PLLA braided microfiber matrices enhanced through the physical adsorption of fibronectin and air plasma treatment.We evaluated the kinetics and binding efficiency of fibronectin onto matrices at three time points and three fibronectin concentrations.Incubating the matrix for 120 min in a solution of 25 lgmL1 fibronectin achieved the greatest binding efficiency to the matrix and cellular adhesion.Exposing the matrices to air plasma treatment for 5 min before fibronectin adsorption significantly enhanced the cell adhesion of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(R-BMMSCs)24 h post cell seeding.Finally,cellular proliferation was monitored for up to 21 d,the matrices were exposed to air plasma treatment,and fibronectin adsorption was found to result in enhanced cell number.These findings suggest that exposure to air plasma treatment and fibronectin adsorption enhances the cellular adhesion of PLLA braided microfiber matrices and may improve the clinical efficacy of the matrix in combination with point-of-care stem cell therapies.

Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Sick Sinus Syndrome during General Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Surgery

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a generalized abnormality of cardiac impulse formation. Patients with SSS occasionally need temporary pacing during general anesthesia. The most common issue arising in the perioperative period is electromagnetic interference with device function. We report a case of a 66-year-old man who required temporary cardiac pacing during maxillary cyst extirpation using electrocautery.

Evaluation of Partial Pressure of Arterial Oxygen in Obese Patients in Supine Position during General Anesthesia

Background: Anesthetists should measure the concentration of supplemental oxygen to determine whether patients’ partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct during general anesthesia. However, the standard PaO2 value in obese patients in the supine position is unknown. We evaluated the PaO2 with respect to the Broca-Katsura obesity index. Materials and Methods: From January 2001 to December 2013, we evaluated 472 patients aged ≥16 years old that underwent general anesthesia in the supine position. The anesthetic charts of 472 patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the PaO2. Results: In patients aged 16 to 2 was 165.7 ± 25.6 mmHg at a Broca-Katsura index of 2 was 152.1 ± 23.8 mmHg at a Broca-Katsura index of 2 tended to decrease with age from 16 to 2 tended to decrease with age from 16 to <65 years at a Broca-Katsura index of 20% to <40%.

Repair of Complex Post-Traumatic Facial Dislocations: Indications, Therapeutic Difficulties and Results at Treichville University Hospital, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

Introduction: Complex post-traumatic facial disfigurements are caused by civilian or ballistic trauma. Their repercussions are functional, aesthetic and psychological. The initial emergency or secondary management of facial damage is difficult. The objective is to report, through the clinical observation of three patients, the results of the management of complex facial dislocations in a context of limited technical resources. Patients and methods: Three complex post-traumatic facial dislocations were managed between May 2006 and June 2017. Results: Primary treatment and secondary repair were established on a case-by-case basis. Local autoplasty was the indication of choice. Multidisciplinary management resulted in satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes. Two of the patients were lost to follow-up before the end of treatment. Discussion: The complete management of facial dislocations remains difficult and complex, in an extreme exercise situation. In an emergency, the priority is to save the life of the injured person. Several factors are involved in the therapeutic decision: the choice of the maxillofacial reconstruction technique, the availability of the technical platform, the financial capacity and the psychological state of the patient and his entourage. Sequential and multidisciplinary treatment gives satisfactory results in terms of morphology, function and aesthetics, despite the limited technical resources available. Psychological support is an essential complement for successful socio-professional and family reintegration.

Evaluation of Pressure of Arterial Oxygen by Age in Supine Position during General Anesthesia

Background: The concentration of supplemental O2 should be measured during general anesthesia to determine whether patients’ pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct. Nevertheless, we do not know standard value of PaO2 by age in supine position during general anesthesia. In this study, we evaluated the PaO2 by age at 33% or 40% O2 concentration. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the anesthetic charts of 660 patients who were received general anesthesia from January 2001 to December 2013. Patients were divided into two groups by concentration of fraction of inspiratory oxygen: group at 33% or 40%. Second, patients aged 16 - 85 years were classified into 7 groups by age with each group covering one decade. Results: The PaO2 was 185.1 ± 19.2 mmHg (33%) and 209.8 ± 19.8 mmHg (40%) at age 16 - 25 years, 178.7 ± 23.6 mmHg (33%) and 202.7 ± 26.0 mmHg (40%) at age 26 - 35 years, 165.8 ± 30.6 mmHg (33%) and 188.9 ± 22.2 (40%) mmHg at age 36 - 45 years, 154.1 ± 22.8 mmHg (33%) and 181.8 ± 19.2 (40%) mmHg at age 46 - 55 years, 153.7 ± 21.7 mmHg (33%) and 177.5 ± 18.1 mmHg (40%) at age 56 - 65 years, 152.2 ± 24.5 mmHg and 171.0 ± 22.1 mmHg at age 66 - 75 years, and 154.6 ± 24.3 mmHg and 174.1 ± 20.2 mmHg at age 76 - 85 years. Conclusion: The PaO2 tended to decrease with age at both 33% and 40% O2 concentration.

Lumbar Disc Herniation with End-Plate Fracture and Secondary Ossification Mimicking an Epidural Tumor: A Case Report

We report a unique case of lumbar disc herniation, in particular, with end-plate and surrounded by extensive ossification, mimicking a tumor with calcification. A 69-year-old female suffered from right buttock and leg pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed an intracanalar mass with calcification or ossification, which most likely originated from the vertebral body at the L1/2 level epidural space. On a T1-weighted gadolinium magnetic resonance image, the capsule of the mass was enhanced and not only the content of the mass but also that of the L2 vertebral body were partially and slightly enhanced. The final pathological diagnosis was disc herniation with end-plate fracture and secondary ossification. A combination of these pathological conditions as accompanied by both end-plate fractures and extensive secondary ossifications has not been previously reported. This rare pathological condition needs to be recognized as a differential diagnosis.

Postburn dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contractures: Anatomy and treatment—A new approach

Background: Postburn dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contracture is one of the most common complications of hand burns which restricts finger motion and presents a serious cosmetic defect. Many techniques and flaps have been suggested, and research continues for more effective techniques as the problem has not been solved. Methods: Anatomy of scar interdigital commissural contractures was studied in 760 operated patients aiming to develop a new, more effective surgical technique. Results: There are two anatomic types of scar commissural contractures: edge and total. Dorsal and palmar commissural contractures are identified as the edge type and are caused by the fold located along interdigital fossa’s edge. In the fold, the lateral sheet is scars, and the medial sheet and adjacent interdigital fossa are healthy skin. Total commissural contracture is characterized by interdigital fossa obliteration and phalanges’ fusion. Scar sheets have a trapeze-shaped surface deficiency (contracture cause), which spreads from the fold’s crest to metacarpophalangeal joints. The surgical technique consists of scar surface deficiency compensation and commissural groove and slant restoration which can be optimally achieved with the trapezoid adipose-cutaneous flap. The best donor site is interdigital fossa. The small skin grafts on the lateral surface of proximal phalanges did not present a cosmetic defect. Conclusion: Dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contractures are of an edge type and can be successfully reconstructed with trapeze-flap plasty.

Arterial and End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide in Supine Obese Patients during General Anesthesia

Background: We investigated the differences between partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(a-ET)CO2) with respect to the Broca-Katsura index (BKI), which is an obesity index, in obese patients during general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: From January 2003 to December 2013, we studied 601 patients aged 16 years old or over undergoing general anesthesia. Patients had American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I and II and we reviewed their anesthetic charts. The P(a-ET)CO2 with respect to the BKI divided patients into two groups: 16 to 2 values between the two groups. Results: In patients aged 16 to 2 was 2.2 ± 3.1 mmHg at BKI 2 was 3.2 ± 4.1 mmHg at BKI 2 tends to increase in obese patients during general anesthesia with increasing BKI in patients aged 16 to < 65 years old.

Abnormal Change in Arterial Blood Pressure after Adrenaline-Containing in Lidocaine Infiltrated into Oral Submucosa during General Anesthesia

Sudden severe hypotension also occurs in an otherwise stable surgery when adrenaline-containing in lidocaine is infiltrated and care must be taken when using adrenaline-containing in lidocaine because it occasionally induces several adverse reactions. We report the case of a 16-year-old man who scheduled for oral surgery in which abnormal arterial blood pressure changes occurred after adrenaline-containing in lidocaine infiltrated into oral submucosa.

Nanofiber matrix formulations for the delivery of Exendin-4 for tendon regeneration: In vitro and in vivo assessment

Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common musculoskeletal injuries,which not only impact the quality of life but result in a massive economic burden.Surgical interventions for tendon/ligament injuries utilize biological and/or engineered grafts to reconstruct damaged tissue,but these have limitations.Engineered matrices confer superior physicochemical properties over biological grafts but lack desirable bioactivity to promote tissue healing.While incorporating drugs can enhance bioactivity,large matrix surface areas and hydrophobicity can lead to uncontrolled burst release and/or incomplete release due to binding.To overcome these limitations,we evaluated the delivery of a peptide growth factor(exendin-4;Ex-4)using an enhanced nanofiber matrix in a tendon injury model.To overcome drug surface binding due to matrix hydrophobicity of poly(caprolactone)(PCL)-which would be expected to enhance cell-material interactions-we blended PCL and cellulose acetate(CA)and electrospun nanofiber matrices with fiber diameters ranging from 600 to 1000 nm.To avoid burst release and protect the drug,we encapsulated Ex-4 in the open lumen of halloysite nanotubes(HNTs),sealed the HNT tube endings with a polymer blend,and mixed Ex-4-loaded HNTs into the polymer mixture before electrospinning.This reduced burst release from~75%to~40%,but did not alter matrix morphology,fiber diameter,or tensile properties.We evaluated the bioactivity of the Ex-4 nanofiber formulation by culturing human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)on matrix surfaces for 21 days and measuring tenogenic differentiation,compared with nanofiber matrices in basal media alone.Strikingly,we observed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices accelerated the hMSC proliferation rate and elevated levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan,tendon-related genes(Scx,Mkx,and Tnmd),and ECM-related genes(Col-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅲ,and Dcn),compared to control.We then assessed the safety and efficacy of Ex-4 nanofiber matrices in a full-thickness rat Achilles tendon defect with histology,marker expression,functional walking track analysis,and mechanical testing.Our analysis confirmed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices enhanced tendon healing and reduced fibrocartilage formation versus nanofiber matrices alone.These findings implicate Ex-4 as a potentially valuable tool for tendon tissue engineering.

Human biofield therapy does not affect tumor size but modulates immune responses in a mouse model for breast cancer

OBJECTIVE： To assess the effect of human biofield therapy, an integrative medicine modality, on the development of tumors and metastasis, and immune function in a mouse breast cancer model. METHODS： Mice were injected with 66cl4 mammary carcinoma cells. In study one, mice received biofield therapy after cell injection. In study two, mice were treated by the biofield practitioner only prior to cell injection. Both studies had two control groups of mock biofield treatments and phosphate- buffered saline injection. Mice were weighed and tumor volume was determined. Blood samples were collected and 32 serum cytokine/chemokine markers were measured. Spleens/popliteal lymph nodes were isolated and dissociated for fluorescent-activated cell sorting （FACS） analysis of immune cells or metastasis assays in cell culture. RESULTS： No signifcant differences were found in weight, tumor size or metastasis. Significant effects were found in the immune responses in study one but no additional effects were found in study two. In study one, human biofield treatment significantly reduced percentage of CD4~CD441oCD25~ and percentage of CD8~ cells, elevated by cancer in the lymph nodes, to control levels determined by FACS analysis. In the spleen, only CD11b~ macrophages were increased with cancer, and human biofield therapy significantly reduced them. Of 11 cytokines elevated by cancer, only interferon-y, interleukin-1, monokine induced by interferon-y, interleukin-2 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 were significantly reduced to control levels with human biofield therapy. CONCLUSION： Human biofield therapy had no significant effect on tumor size or metastasis but produced significant effects on immune responses apparent in the down-regulation of specific lymphocytes and serum cytokines in a mouse breast cancer model.

Avoiding second donor site and the second set of neck vessels in a case of absent peroneal skin perforators

This report describes the procedure of a case in which the skin paddle of the free fibula flap derived its supply solely from a soleal musculocutaneous perforator originating from the posterior tibial system.In contrast,the osteo-muscular component was supplied by the peroneal vascular system.We harvested the skin paddle with its vascular supply from the posterior tibial artery separately,and the osteo-muscular fibula was harvested with its supply from peroneal vessels.In this way,we avoided violation of the second donor site for the skin paddle.In addition,we used the distal end of peroneal vessels to salvage our skin paddle instead of sacrificing another set of neck vessels for anastomosis.This technique may also be utilised in cases where the neck vessels may not be available due to previous surgeries,radiation therapy,or decision by the surgery team to not sacrifice two sets of neck vessels for anastomosis.

Bone without borders-Monetite-based calcium phosphate guides bone formation beyond the skeletal envelope

Calcium phosphates(CaP)represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials.As proof-of-concept,we show how a multi-component CaP formulation(monetite,beta-tricalcium phosphate,and calcium pyrophosphate)guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological envelope.In a sheep model,hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital bone.At 12 months,large amounts of bone(~75%)occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing remodelling.Features of both compact bone(osteonal/osteon-like arrangements)and spongy bone(trabeculae separated by marrow cavities)reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural adaptation.Pores within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar bone.Osteoclasts actively contribute to CaP degradation/removal.Of the constituent phases,only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous(cutting cones)and non-osseous(macrophages)sites.From a translational perspective,this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge.

Stem Cells：新研究为骨缺陷疾病治疗找到重要干细胞来源

近日来自美国康涅狄克大学健康中心的研究人员发现了成年阶段成骨细胞的重要来源，为应用干细胞疗法治疗骨质疏松及其他骨缺陷疾病提供了重要基础。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Stem Cells上。