Preparation and Characterization of Ni60-Cr_3C_2-WC/TiC Plasma Welding Surfacing Layer

Using plasma build-up welding technology, Ni60, WC, Cr3C2, and TiC composite powders were clad on the surface of the substrate in a certain proportion according to the metallurgical bonding method to increase the bond strength between the coating and the substrate. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to observe the microstructure of the surfacing layer and the chemical composition of the sample. The hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing layer were tested and analyzed by the HV-1000 hardness tester and the impact wear device. The results showed that in the microstructure, fishbone, spider-web, and floral-like structures appeared in the surfacing layer. When the micro-hardness was tested, the depth of the indentation reflected the hardness of the surfacing layer. When analyzing wear resistance, the amount of wear increases with time.

Numerical Simulation and Field Monitoring Analysis for Deep Foundation Pit Construction of Subway Station

To investigate the effect of deep foundation pit excavation on the stability of retaining structure, a subway stationin the city of Jinan was selected as a project, and a FLAC3D-based three dimensional model was developed fornumerical simulation. The horizontal displacement of the retaining structure, the axial force of the support, andthe vertical displacement of the column were studied and compared to the collected data from the field. The findingsindicate that when the foundation pit is excavated, the maximum deformation of the retaining structure progressivelydecreases from the top, the distortion of the retaining structure gradually rises, and the final maximumdeformation is around 17 meters deep. In each layer of support, the largest axial force support is located in thefirst reinforced concrete support;the uplift of the pit bottom caused by soil unloading plays a primary role in thevertical displacement of the column, and the column exhibits an upward trend under all construction conditions.When compared to the measured data, the generated findings are comparable and the fluctuation trend is extremelyconsistent. The findings of this article may give technical direction for the development of subway stationswith a comparable engineering basis.

Rheological properties of surrounding rock in deep hard rock tunnels and its reasonable support form

Second lining stability, which is the last protection in tunnel engineering, is critically important. The theological properties of the surrounding rock heavily affect second lining stability. In this work, we used laboratory triaxial compressive rheological limestone tests to study nonlinear creep damage characteristics of surrounding rock mass in construction projects. We established a nonlinear creep damage constitutive model for the rock mass, as well as a constitutive model numerical implementation made by programming. Second, we introduced a new foam concrete with higher compression performance and good ductility and studied its mechanical properties through uniaxial and triaxial tests. This concrete was used as the filling material for the reserved deformation layer between the primary support and second lining. Finally, we proposed a high efficiency and accuracy staged optimization method. The minimum reserved deformation layer thickness was established as the optimization goal, and the presence of plastic strain in the second lining after 100 years of surrounding rock creep was used as an evaluation index. Reserved deformation layer thickness optimization analysis reveals no plastic strain in the second lining when the reserved deformation minimum thickness layer is 28.50 cm. The results show that the new foam concrete used as a reserved deformation layer filling material can absorb creep deformation of surrounding rock mass, reduce second lining deformation that leads to plastic strain, and ensure long-term second lining stability.

Influence of New Compound Admixture on Shotcrete Performance

To analyze the influence of new compound admixture on shotcrete performance, the ordinary Portland cement pr425 was used as matrix components. The optimum proportion of admixture was obtained by analyzing the influence of content on cement setting time and compressive strength. The microstructure of cement test block and the mechanism of reducing dust of composite macromolecule admixture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the ratio of polyacrylic acid was 0.02%. The ratio of J85 accelerator was 5%. The ratio of bentonite was 4.5% in composite admixture. The most optimal content of admixture in the slurry was 7%. The compound coagulant formed by additive together with C3A, C4AF which provided nucleation for hydration and crystallization of C3S and C3S, and played an active role to promote the activity of the mineral admixture in cement, and increased the elastic modulus of C-S-H gel and accelerated the hydration process of portland cement. Bentonite and polyacrylic acid promote the wettability, cohesiveness and workability of cement paste in the process of hydration. The formation of cement test block gel was even. The interface between the matrix phase and the aggregate phase was not obvious which ensured the matching between the matrix and the aggregate phase. The addition of bentonite formed hydrogen bonds in cement paste and improved the cohesiveness of the system. The J-85 accelerator promoted the combination of aluminate and gypsum which hindered the formation of calcium carbide around the cement particles which made cement rapid condensation. Polyacrylic acid mainly changed the strength of hydroxyl absorption peak in cement paste to improve the initial strength of cement test block. The addition of new admixtures promoted the process of cement hydration to be more thorough and affected the later strength development of concrete by affecting the formation of calcium carbonate stone.

Corrosion resistance of nanostructured magnesium hydroxide coating on magnesium alloy AZ31: influence of EDTA

A hexagonal nanosheet Mg(OH)2 coating was prepared through a one-step hydrothermal method using LiOH solution as mineralizer and then modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) to minimize the rapid corrosion of AZ31 Mg alloy.The performance of the coating was evaluated using electrochemical technique,hydrogen evolution measurements, nanoscratch test,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns and field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).The results suggested that the corrosion rate of bare AZ31 Mg alloys was significantly reduced by one and two orders of magnitude through the protection from Mg(OH)2 coating and modification with EDTA(i.e., EDTA-Mg(OH)2 coating), respectively.FESEM micrographs indicated that the modification in EDTA elicits to the formation of an EDTA-Mg(OH)2 composite with a thickness as twice as that of as-prepared Mg(OH)2 coating.Nanoscratch tests revealed strong adhesion between the composite or Mg(OH)2 coating and the substrate.The study of formation and corrosion mechanisms of the coatings manifested that Mg(OH)2 was first formed near the intermetallic compound AlMn particles and gradually covered the entire surface, wherein the AlMn particles played an important role in the coating growth process.And it also proved that EDTA accelerated the formation of Mg(OH)2.