The synergistic effects of PRDX5 and Nrf2 on lung cancer progression and drug resistance under oxidative stress in the zebrafish models

Previous studies have shown that PRDX5 and Nrf2 are antioxidant proteins related to abnormal reactive oxidative species(ROS).PRDX5 and Nrf2 play a critical role in the progression of inflammations and tumors.The combination of PRDX5 and Nrf2 was examined by Co-immunoprecipitation,western blotting and Immunohistochemistry.H2O2 was applied to affect the production of ROS and induced multi-resistant protein 1(MRP1)expression in NSCLC cells.The zebrafish models mainly investigated the synergistic effects of PRDX5 and Nrf2 on lung cancer drug resistance under oxidative stress.We showed that PRDX5 and Nrf2 form a complex and significantly increase the NSCLC tissues compared to adjacent tissues.The oxidative stress improved the combination of PRDX5 and Nrf2.We demonstrated that the synergy between PRDX5 and Nrf2 is positively related to the proliferation and drug resistance of NSCLC cells in the zebrafish models.In conclusion,our data indicated that PRDX5 could bind to Nrf2 and has a synergistic effect with Nrf2.Meanwhile,in the zebrafish models,PRDX5 and Nrf2 have significant regulatory impacts on lung cancer progression and drug resistance activities under oxidative stress.

Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Lung Biopsy for Histopathological Diagnosis of Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia

INTRODUCTIONCryptogenic organizing pneumonia （COP） is a distinct type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a response rate of 65 85% on corticosteroid therapy. The difficulty of COP diagnosis is that the clinical features and the radiological findings are nonspecific. The pathological hallmark of organizing pneumonia （OP） needs to be confirmed. It can also occur in a variety of other interstitial pneumonia, infectious diseases, vasculitis, and so on. To increase the pathological reliability, larger and more tissue samples are required. According to the current classification of interstitial lung disease and guidelines, the surgical lung biopsy is recommended and is considered to be the best way of obtaining a representative lung specimen However, the invasive diagnostic procedures require general anesthesia and also increase the morbidity and mortality risks; therefore, only few patients undergo such biopsy. Thus, safer and more acceptable methods for identifying COP are urgently needed.

A Case of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with BRAF V600E-negative and MAP2Kl-posivtive Mutations Presenting as Diffuse Nodules in Chest High-resolution Computed Tomography After Smoking Cessation

To the Editor： Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis （PLCH） in adults is a rare disease occurring almost exclusively in smokers. The characteristic high-resolution computed tomography （HRCT） manifestation of PLCH is a combination of cysts （or cavities） and nodules mainly in the upper lung zone. However, not all HRCT patterns of PLCH are typical. Few treatments are effective in current practice regarding PLCH. Targeted therapy with an inhibitor of mutated BRAF （vemurafenib） has been proved effective in Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） harboring BRAF valine at position 600 （V600E） mutation.MAP2K1 mutations are mutually exclusive with BRAF mutations and might have implications for the use of BRAF targeted therapy. Here, we reported a case of PLCH proven by lung biopsy.

Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A （H7N9） virus： serial chest radiographic and CT findings

Background Rapidly progressive pneumonia infection with H7N9 virus is a novel disease,and limited information is available concerning serial chest radiographic and computed tomography （CT） findings.The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in serial radiologic findings in patients with H7N9 pneumonia.Methods The two institutional ethics review boards approved this retrospective study.This study included 10 patients with H7N9 pneumonia.All patients underwent chest radiologic examinations at different time points.Serial radiologic images were systematically analyzed.Results All patients showed abnormal results on initial chest radiography and CT.The initial radiographic abnormalities were unilateral （n=9） and bilateral （n=1）,including ground-glass opacities （GGOs） （n=5） and consolidation （n=5）.The initial CT findings consisted of unilateral （n=6） and bilateral （n=4）,including consolidation （n=10）,GGOs （n=10）,reticular opacities （n=2）,and pleural effusion （n=3）.Follow-up radiologic findings showed rapid development of consolidation or GGOs within two weeks after illness onset.Pneumomediastinum with secondary subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax were noted in two patients.Follow-up high resolution computed tomography （HRCT） after two weeks showed slow improvement in both size and opacity of the lesions.On HRCT after discharge,patients had substantial residual lesions such as irregular linear opacities,reticular opacities,parenchymal bands,traction bronchiectasis,and cystic lesions.Conclusions The most common radiologic findings at presentation are multifocal or diffuse areas of consolidation and GGOs in H7N9 pneumonia.HRCT in sequence can show more changes in rapid progression of disease and a slow decrease of both size and opacity of the lesions plays an important role in the evaluation of H7N9 pneumonia.

Giant cell interstitial pneumonia： unusual lung disorder and an update

Background Giant cell interstitial pneumonia （GIP） was a rare form of pneumoconiosis,associated with exposure to hard metals,which had been reported mostly as isolated case reports.We described eight cases of GIP diagnosed in our hospital during the past seven years,with particular reference to new findings.Methods Eight patients with GIP confirmed by biopsy in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University from 2005 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.For each patient,the occupy histories and medical records were thoroughly reviewed and clinic data were extracted.Two radiologists,without knowledge of any of the clinical and functional findings,independently reviewed the HRCT scans of all patients.Follow-up data were collected.Results Among the eight patients,seven had a history of exposure to hard metal dusts,one denied an exposure history.The most common manifestations were cough and dyspnea.One patient initiated with pneumothorax and another pleural effusion,both of which were uncommon to GIP.The main pathologic appearances were the presence of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the alveolar space.The clinical symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were obviously improved after cessation of exposure and receiving corticosteroid treatments,recurrences were observed in two patients when they resumed work.In spite of exposure cessation and corticosteroid treatment,one patient developed pulmonary fibrosis at seven years follow-up.Conclusions Awareness of the patients＇ occupational history often provided clues to the diagnosis of GIP.Histopathologic examinations were necessary to establish the right diagnosis.Exposure cessation was of benefit to most patients; however,pulmonary fibrosis was possible in spite of exposure cessation and corticosteroid treatment.Better ways should be found out to improve the outcome and quality of life.

Severe Mediastinal Abscess after Endobronchial Ultrasoun ~with Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA） is a minimally invasive and safe technique which is universally accepted for the mediastinum and/or hilum lymph node biopsy.Severe infectious complications following EBUS-TBNA were occasional,but sometimes life-threatening. Two patients with severe mediastinal abscess after EBUS-TBNA were treated successfully with surgical drainage in our department,and we reported here to improve our clinical vigilance to this disease.