This study focuses on the role of researcher/academia in making low carbon policy in the UK. UK researchers and universities enjoy relatively high degree of independence of their research from the government due to it...This study focuses on the role of researcher/academia in making low carbon policy in the UK. UK researchers and universities enjoy relatively high degree of independence of their research from the government due to its statute that guarantees its independence （＂The Haldene Principle＂）. In addition, there was a recent movement for evidence-based policy in the UK, which requires more economic and scientific robustness, therefore role of engineers and social scientists are increasingly important. In particular, social science will have a greater role in changing people＇s behavior with high level of uncertainty. UK businesses have played a leading role to move forward the climate policy such as UKETS （United Kingdom Emissions Trading Scheme） as well as low carbon policy. The regular communication and consultation is a crucial basis for making integrated policy, which involves wide range of stakeholders. The legally binding targets set out by Climate Change Act 2008 required structural change of the government to implement the necessary policies and measures especially by integrating climate and energy policy.展开更多
The authors consider the problem of estimating the ordered means of two normal distributions with unknown ordered variances. The authors discuss the estimation of two ordered means, individually, in terms of stochasti...The authors consider the problem of estimating the ordered means of two normal distributions with unknown ordered variances. The authors discuss the estimation of two ordered means, individually, in terms of stochastic domination and MSE （mean squared error）. The authors show that in estimating the mean with larger variance, the usual estimator under order restriction on means can be improved upon. However, in estimating the mean with smaller variance, the usual estimator can＇t be improved upon even under MSE. The authors also discuss simultaneous estimation problem of two ordered means when unknown variances are ordered.展开更多
文摘This study focuses on the role of researcher/academia in making low carbon policy in the UK. UK researchers and universities enjoy relatively high degree of independence of their research from the government due to its statute that guarantees its independence （＂The Haldene Principle＂）. In addition, there was a recent movement for evidence-based policy in the UK, which requires more economic and scientific robustness, therefore role of engineers and social scientists are increasingly important. In particular, social science will have a greater role in changing people＇s behavior with high level of uncertainty. UK businesses have played a leading role to move forward the climate policy such as UKETS （United Kingdom Emissions Trading Scheme） as well as low carbon policy. The regular communication and consultation is a crucial basis for making integrated policy, which involves wide range of stakeholders. The legally binding targets set out by Climate Change Act 2008 required structural change of the government to implement the necessary policies and measures especially by integrating climate and energy policy.
文摘The authors consider the problem of estimating the ordered means of two normal distributions with unknown ordered variances. The authors discuss the estimation of two ordered means, individually, in terms of stochastic domination and MSE （mean squared error）. The authors show that in estimating the mean with larger variance, the usual estimator under order restriction on means can be improved upon. However, in estimating the mean with smaller variance, the usual estimator can＇t be improved upon even under MSE. The authors also discuss simultaneous estimation problem of two ordered means when unknown variances are ordered.
