Stable High-Energy Density Super-Atom Clusters of Aluminum Hydride

与这个概念超级原子，第一原则计算建议比很好确定的簇是更多精力充沛的马厩的超级稳定的笼子簇 AlnH3n 的一种新类型， AlnHn+2。在新簇，铝核心框架是行动一与 n 顶点和 2n Al-Al 边超级原子，它允许吸附 n 氢原子在最高地点并且在桥地点的 2n。把 Al12H36 用作基本单位，稳定的链结构，(Al12H36 ) m，被构造了跟随一样的连接机制至于(AlH3 ) n 线性聚合结构。除了高氢百分比每分子，计算证明了这些新簇拥有形成价值的大热，他们的燃烧热是大约 4.8 次甲烷，使他们成为有希望的高精力密度材料。

Local Structures and Chemical Properties of Deprotonated Arginine

气体的 deprotonated 精氨酸的势能表面被第一原则计算系统地调查了。在 B3LYP/6-31G (d) 水平，除了几稳定的本地结构的鉴定，新全球最小被定位它是比什么更稳定的大约 6.56 kJ/mol 被报导了。deprotonated 精氨酸分子在羧化物组与 deprotonation 有二种不同形式(咕咕叫) 。这二种形式被一个很高的精力障碍衔接并且拥有很不同的红外光谱侧面。我们的计算质子分离精力和精氨酸分子的煤气阶段的酸味被发现在对相应试验性的结果的好同意。预言的几何学，偶极子时刻，旋转常数，垂直电离精力和低精力 conformers 的红外系列将为未来是有用的试验性的大小。

Dynamics of cooperative emissions in a cascade three-level molecular system driven by an ultrashort laser pulse

This paper investigates the dynamics of cooperative emissions in a cascade three-level system driven by an ultra, short laser pulse by solving numerically the full-wave Maxwell-Bloch equations. The 4, 4＇-bis（dimethylamino） stilbene molecule is used as the model molecule because of its strong two-photon absorption property. The two-colour cooperative emissions are studied as functions of molecular number density and dephasing rate of the dipole coherence. The propagation effects on the evolution of the cooperative radiations are also taken into account. The cooperative radiations are enhanced for large number density of the molecule, while the fast dephasing of the dipole coherence reduces the intensity of the cooperative radiations and delays the emission times or even inhibits the formation of the emissions. The delay time of the radiation decreases with the increase of the molecular number density and the propagation distance.

Experimental and Computational Study of the Effect of Temperature on the Electro-Polymerization Process of Thiophene

Temperature effect on the nucleation and growth mechanisms (NGM) of poly(thiophene) (PTh) was investigated through experimental and computational tools. The computational simulation method was based on a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm. It reproduced key processes such as diffusion, oligomerization, and the precipitation of oligomers onto the electrode surface. Electrochemical synthesis conditions at temperatures between 263 and 303 K were optimized. The deconvolution of the i-t transients reflected two contributions: a progressive nucleation with three-dimensional growth controlled by diffusion and the other by charge transfer, PN3Ddif and PN3Dct, respectively. As temperature decreased, a diminution of the charge associated to each contribution was observed and the nucleation induction time increased. Experimental and computational evidence indicated that temperature does not change the nucleation and growth mechanism (NGM). This effect was ascribed to kinetic factors rather than to film conductivity. This work contrasts simulation and experimental evidence and demonstrates how computational simulations can help to understand the electrochemical process of conducting polymers formation.

Chemical Reactivity Description in Density-Functional and Information Theories

In Quantum Information Theory(QIT) the classical measures of information content in probability distributions are replaced by the corresponding resultant entropic descriptors containing the nonclassical terms generated by the state phase or its gradient(electronic current). The classical Shannon(S[p]) and Fisher(I[p]) information terms probe the entropic content of incoherent local events of the particle localization, embodied in the probability distribution p, while their nonclassical phase-companions, S[ Φ ] and I[ Φ ], provide relevant coherence information supplements.Thermodynamic-like couplings between the entropic and energetic descriptors of molecular states are shown to be precluded by the principles of quantum mechanics. The maximum of resultant entropy determines the phase-equilibrium state, defined by "thermodynamic" phase related to electronic density,which can be used to describe reactants in hypothetical stages of a bimolecular chemical reaction.Information channels of molecular systems and their entropic bond indices are summarized, the complete-bridge propagations are examined, and sequential cascades involving the complete sets of the atomic-orbital intermediates are interpreted as Markov chains. The QIT description is applied to reactive systems R = A―B, composed of the Acidic(A) and Basic(B) reactants. The electronegativity equalization processes are investigated and implications of the concerted patterns of electronic flows in equilibrium states of the complementarily arranged substrates are investigated. Quantum communications between reactants are explored and the QIT descriptors of the A―B bond multiplicity/composition are extracted.

A novel water layer structure inside nanobubbles at room temperature

Molecularly thin water layer, with a hydrogen bonding network different from those in bulk water and ice, has unique properties and is generally involved in many important processes such as wetting, erosion, atmosphere chemical reaction, protein folding and biomolecular interaction. Here, we report a new water layer structure at room temperature, which is found inside nanobubbles by using synchrotron based scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy(STXM). The three peaks 535.0, 536.8 and 540.9 e V at O K edge inside the nanobubbles show a novel characteristics of very thin water layers, which has never been observed before.

Two Possible Configurations for Silver-C60-Silver Molecular Devices and Their Conductance Characteristics

Coherent electronic transport properties of silver-C60-silver molecular junctions in different configurations are studied using hybrid density function theory. The experimentally measured current flows of （760 molecules adsorbed on the silver surface are well reproduced by theoretical calculations. It is found that the current-voltage characteristics of the molecular junctions depend strongly on the configurations of the junctions. Transmission spectra combined with density of states can help us to understand in depth the transport properties. Different kinds of electrode construction are also discussed. With the help of the calculation, two possible configurations of silver-C60-silver molecular junctions are suggested.

Resultant gradient information, kinetic energy and molecular virial theorem

Resultant gradient-information is introduced and applied to problems in chemical reactivity theory. This local measure of the structural information contained in (complex) wavefunctions of electronic states is related to the system overall kinetic energy combining the modulus (probability) and phase (current) contributions. The grand-ensemble representation of thermodynamic equilibria in open systems demonstrates the physical equivalence of the variational energetic and information principles. It is used and to relate the populational derivatives of ensemble-average functionals in both these representations, which represent reactivity criteria for diagnosing the charge-transfer (CT) phenomena. Their equivalence is demonstrated by using the in situ potential and hardness descriptors to predict the direction and optimum amount of CT. The virial theorem is generalized into thermodynamic quantities and used to extract the kinetic energy component from qualitative energy profiles in the bond-formation and (exo/endo)-ergic reactions. The role of electronic kinetic energy in such chemical processes is reexamined, the virial theorem implications for the Hammond postulate of reactivity theory are explored, and variations of the structural-information in chemical processes are addressed. The maximum thermodynamic information rule is formulated and "production" of the gradient-information in chemical reactions is addressed. The Hammond postulate is shown to be indexed by the geometric derivative of resultant gradient-information at transition-state complex.

More Stable, More Estrogenic: The SERM-ERα LBD Complex

Many synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been cocrystallized with the human estrogen receptor α ligand binding domain (ERα LBD). Despite stabilizing the same canonical inactive conformation of the LBD, most SERMs display different ligand-dependent pharmacological profiles. We show here that increased partial agonism of SERMs is associated with increased conformational stability of the SERM-LBD complexes, by investigation of dihydrobenzoxathiin-based SERMs using molecular modelling techniques. Analyses of tamoxifen (TAM) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) in complex with the LBD furthermore indicates that the conversion of TAM to OHT increases both the affinity to ERα and the partial agonism of the anti-cancer drug, which provides a plausible explanation of the counterintuitive results of TAM therapy.

Density functional study on mechanism of CO oxidation with activated water on O/Au(111) surface

With density functional theory, the mechanism of water-enhanced CO oxidation on oxygen pre-covered Au (111) surface is theoretically studied. First, water is activated by the pre-covered oxygen atom and dissociates to OHads group. Then, OHads reacts with COads to form chemisorbed HOCOads. Finally, with the aid of water, HOCOads dissociates to CO2. The whole process can be described as 1/2H2Oads + H2Oads + 1/2Oads+ COads→H3Oads + CO2, gas. One CO2 is formed with only 1/2 pre-covered oxygen atom. That is why more CO2 is observed when water is present on oxygen pre-covered Au (111) surface. Activation energy of each elementary step is low enough to allow the reaction to proceed at low temperature.

Field Effects on the Statistical Behavior of the Molecular Conductance in a Single Molecular Junction in Aqueous Solution

We have combined molecular dynamics simulations with first-principles calculations to study electron transport in a single molecular junction of perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) in aqueous solution under external electric gate fields. It is found that the statistics of the molecular conductance are very sensitive to the strength of the electric field. The statistics of the molecular conductance are strongly associated with the thermal fluctuation of the water molecules around the PTCDI molecule. Our simulations reproduce the experimentally observed three orders of magnitude enhancement of the conductance, as well as the temperature dependent conductance, under the electrochemical gates. The effects of the molecular polarization and the dipole rearrangement of the aqueous solution are also discussed.

Switching the O-O Bond Formation Pathways of Ru-pda Water Oxidation Catalyst by Third Coordination Sphere Engineering

Water oxidation is a vital anodic reaction for renewable fuel generation via electrochemical-and photoelectrochemical-driven water splitting or CO_(2)reduction.Ruthenium complexes,such as Ru-bda family,have been shown as highly efficient wateroxidation catalysts(WOCs),particularly when they undergo a bimolecular O-O bond formation pathway.In this study,a novel Ru(pda)-type(pda^(2–)=1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylate)molecular WOC with 4-vinylpyridine axial ligands was immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode surface by electrochemical polymerization.Electrochemical kinetic studies revealed that this homocoupling polymer catalyzes water oxidation through a bimolecular radical coupling pathway,where interaction between two Ru(pda)–oxyl moieties(I2M)forms the O-O bond.The calculated barrier of the I2M pathway by densityfunctional theory(DFT)is significantly lower than the barrier of a water nucleophilic attack(WNA)pathway.By using this polymerization strategy,the Ru centers are brought closer in the distance,and the O-O bond formation pathway by the Ru(pda)catalyst is switched from WNA in a homogeneous molecular catalytic system to I2M in the polymerized film,providing some deep insights into the importance of third coordination sphere engineering of the water oxidation catalyst.

Modulation of photovoltaic behavior of dye-sensitized solar cells by electron donors of porphyrin dyes and cosensitization

Porphyrin dyes have received great attention due to their excellent photovoltaic performance in dye- sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. In this work, dyes XCI-XC3 were synthesized by introducing various numbers of bis（4-methoxyphenyl）amino and p-hexyloxyphenyl groups to porphyrin meso-positions. The XC1 molecule contains two p-hexyloxyphenyl groups, and its DSSCs showed the power conversion efficiency of 4.81%. For XC2 and XC3, the replacement of p-hexyloxyphenyl with diphenylamino groups can effectively enhance the light harvesting around 500 nm. However, the highest occupied molecular orbitals （HOMOs） were elevated too much, which suppressed the dye regeneration processes, leading to low cell efficiencies of 2.51% and 1.27% for XC2, and XC3, respectively. To further improve the cell performance, an anthracene derivative Cl was used as the cosensitizer for XCl, which increased both the Jsc and Voc values, with an improved efficiency of 5.75：g.

Isolation and Identification of Pseudo Seven-Coordinate Ru(Ⅲ)Intermediate Completing the Catalytic Cycle of Ru-bda Type of Water Oxidation Catalysts

Isolation of RuⅢ-bda(17-electron specie)complex with an aqua ligand(2-electron donor)is challenging due to violation of the 18-electron rule.Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to mechanistic studies of water oxidation by the Ru-bda family,the structure and initial formation of the Ru^(Ⅲ)-bda aqua complex are still controversial.Herein,we challenge this often overlooked step by designing a pocketshape Ru-based complex 1.The computational studies showed that 1 possesses the crucial hydrophobicity at the Ru^(V)(O)state as well as similar probability of access of terminal O to solvent water molecules when compared with classic Ru-bda catalysts.Through characterization of single-crystal structures at the Ru^(Ⅱ) and Ru^(Ⅲ) states,a pseudo seven-coordinate“ready-togo”aqua ligand with Ru^(Ⅲ)…O distance of 3.62A was observed.This aqua ligand was also found to be part of a formed hydrogen-bonding network,providing a good indication of how the Ru^(Ⅲ)-OH_(2)complex is formed.

O/Au(111)表面水活化氧化CO机理的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函的方法研究了水分子在氧覆盖Au表面活化氧化CO的机理.水分子和表面吸附的氧原子相互作用,生成OHads基团;生成的OHads基团和COads反应生成HOCOads;最后HOCOads在水分子的帮助下解离生成CO2.整个总包反应方程式为1/2H2Oads+H2Oads+1/2Oads+COads→H3Oads+CO2,gas,即只需要1/2个氧原子就可以生成一个CO2,表明当表面有H2O存在的时候,CO2的产量要比只有Oads时要多.所有基元反应的反应能垒都很低,从而保证反应可以在低温下进行,此机理很好地解释了实验现象.

软X射线光谱的第一性原理模拟(英文)

软X射线光谱是通过核激发或去激发以探测分子、表面及各种化合物的电子结构和化学结构的有效的测量技术。本文对基于密度泛函理论描述X射线吸收、发射的各种不同过程的计算方法进行了综述。重点讨论了各种方法的基本原理、实际操作和具体应用。提供了K边X射线光电子能谱、吸收和发射光谱详细的模拟细节以及一些代表性体系的算例(包括分子、富勒烯、碳纳米管、单层石墨和DNA链)。

卤素及卤素离子的电子结构

卤素离子的质子亲和势是随卤素原子在元素周期表中的位置从上到下按F-,Cl-,Br-,I-依次降低.但人们熟知的卤素原子电负性却按F,Cl,Br,I依次减小,或者说卤素原子的电正性随上述顺序依次增大,对应于卤原子价轨道np的能量按F,Cl,Br,I依次升高;这个结果意味着卤素阴离子的电子给予能力,或者说它们的质子亲和势似乎应该随F-,Cl-,Br-,I-依次增大.这样就出现了两个完全相反的质子亲和势顺序.为了对这一结果作出解释,我们分别采用Kohn-Sham密度泛函理论(在SAOP/TZ2P和OLYP/TZ2P计算水平上),以及采用从头计算理论(在HF/TZ2P水平)中的分子轨道模型对卤素离子及卤素原子进行了详尽的理论分析.同时我们对在Hartree-Fock理论框架下轨道能量和质子亲和势的变化趋势之间存在的内在矛盾进行了阐述.研究表明质子亲和势按F-,Cl-,Br-,I-依次降低的原因是由于当卤素原子X得到一个电子成为卤素阴离子X-后,价轨道np的能量将会升高,从而表现出异常的不稳定性.更关键的是,这种由于库仑排斥造成的卤素离子价轨道的不稳定性对于本身半径比较小的氟原子尤为突出,但随着卤素的半径增大,这种不稳定效应逐渐减弱.结果较强的HOMO(F-)-LUMO(H+)轨道相互作用导致F-的质子亲和势大于其他体积较大的卤素离子.以上的定性分子轨道分析表明考虑净电荷对轨道能量的影响是十分重要的.这不仅清楚地解释了采用Kohn-Sham密度泛函理论可以得到正确的质子亲和势变化趋势,即F->Cl->Br->I-,而且还能解释为何在从头计算的Hartree-Fock分子轨道理论框架下,虽然X-的价轨道np能量随F-,Cl-,Br-,I-递减,似乎应该得到不正确的质子亲和势变化趋势,但实际上得到质子亲和势顺序仍然是正确的.之所以所有的分子轨道模型下都有同样的HOMO-LUMO相互作用能及质子亲和势顺序,其原因是电荷效应,即在HF,OLYP和SAOP计算中,卤素原子与卤素离子的价轨道能量差都是升高的.通过这些理论分析得到的结论有助于理解诸如亲核取代反应(SN2)以及碱催化的消去反应(E2)等基本有机化学反应的微观机理.

by a cascade optical field modulation strategy facilitating selective multispectral narrow-band near-infrared photodetection

Since selective detection of multiple narrow spectral bands in the near-infrared(NIR)region still poses a fundamental challenge,we have,in this work,developed NIR photodetectors(PDs)using photon upconversion nanocrystals(UCNCs)combined with perovskite films.To conquer the relatively high pumping threshold of UCNCs,we designed a novel cascade optical field modulation strategy to boost upconversion luminescence(UCL)by cascading the superlensing effect of dielectric microlens arrays and the plasmonic effect of gold nanorods,which readily leads to a UCL enhancement by more than four orders of magnitude under weak light irradiation.By accommodating multiple optically active lanthanide ions in a core-shell-shell hierarchical architecture,developed PDs on top of this structure can detect three well-separated narrow bands in the NIR region,i.e.,those centered at 808,980,and 1540 nm.Due to the large UCL enhancement,the obtained PDs demonstrate extremely high responsivities of 30.73,23.15,and 12.20 AW^(−1) and detectivities of 5.36,3.45,and 1.91×10^(11) Jones for 808,980,and 1540 nm light detection,respectively,together with short response times in the range of 80-120 ms.Moreover,we demonstrate for the first time that the response to the excitation modulation frequency of a PD can be employed to discriminate the incident light wavelength.We believe that our work provides novel insight for developing NIR PDs and that it can spur the development of other applications using upconversion nanotechnology.

Novel Organic Dyes Based on Bulky Tri（triphenylamine）-Substituted Styrene for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Three novel donor-n-acceptor （D-π-A） metal-free organic dyes （TB, TS and TF） based on tri（triphenylamine）- substituted styrene as donor with various conjugated linkers （benzene, thiophene and furan） were synthesized, characterized and used for the application of dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. Under the same condition, The photo-to-electrical conversion efficiency of the DSSCs sensitized with TB, TS and TF reach 1.84%, 4.10% and 4.52%, respectively, which are lower than that sensitized with RI （5.02%） with one triphenylamine unit. The results suggest that these bulky donor-based sensitizers are unfavorable to DSSCs.