Background Sjogren syndrome （SS） is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic lymphocytic infiltration and decreased secretion in salivary glands. Apoptosis is one of the possible mechanisms involved in acinar...Background Sjogren syndrome （SS） is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic lymphocytic infiltration and decreased secretion in salivary glands. Apoptosis is one of the possible mechanisms involved in acinar epithelial destruction in SS. The role of apoptosis in the initiation and effect phase of sialoadenitis is still controversial. The aim of this study was to observe the roles of apoptosis-associated proteins and serum IgG levels in sialoadenitis progression in nonobese diabetic （NOD） mice. Methods 2-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-week female NOD and matched BALB/c control mice were selected. Saliva and tear flow rate were measured. Serum IgG level was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Number of lymphocyte foci （NLF） in submandibular glands （SMGs） was counted under routine hematoxylin/eosin-stained sections. Expression of Fas, Bcl-2 and procaspase3 proteins as well as apoptotic cells in the SMGs were detected by immunohistochemical staining and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay respectively. Results Decreased stimulated total flow rate （STFR） and lymphocyte foci in SMGs were first observed in the 10-week NOD group. STFR was negatively correlated with NLF （P〈0.05）. Serum IgG in NOD mice was significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05） and showed a positive correlation with NLF （P〈0.05）. Fas expression in SMGs acinar cells in NOD mice increased with age and was significantly higher compared with that in the control group. Bcl-2 expression and procaspase3 expression in SMG acinar cells in each NOD group were lower compared with those of the age-matched control mice. Conclusion Abnormal expression of Fas and Bcl-2 in the SMGs and higher level of serum IgG may contribute to the initiation of sialoadenitis and cause the glandular destruction in NOD mice.展开更多
Background Sjǒgren syndrome （SS） is a systematic autoimmune disease, on which traditional therapeutic agents show limited effect. More effective agents with longer-lasting and fewer side effects are needed in the c...Background Sjǒgren syndrome （SS） is a systematic autoimmune disease, on which traditional therapeutic agents show limited effect. More effective agents with longer-lasting and fewer side effects are needed in the clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucindum spores （GLS） on sialoadenitis of nonobese diabetic （NOD） mice. Methods Thirty-two female NOD mice were assigned randomly into 4 groups： low-dose GLS-treated （L-GLS） group and high-dose GLS-treated （H-GLS） group, a dexamethasone group, and a normal saline （NS） control group. Stimulated total saliva flow rate （STFR）, area of lymphocytic infiltration in submandibular glands and ratios of CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood as well as apoptosis of these subsets and serum IgG level were tested after 10 weeks of treatments. Differences among the groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）, Student-Newman-Keuls Test （SNK） was used between each two groups and a P 〈0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results STFR of the high-dose GLS group increased significantly after a 10-week treatment compared with those of the NS control group （P 〈0.05）. The incidence of sialoadenitis in GLS-treated NOD mice groups showed no significant difference compared with the control group （P 〉0.05）, but the area of lymphocytic foci in both the H-GLS and L-GLS groups decreased significantly to 50% of the NS control group （P 〈0.05）; the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ T lymphocytes and apoptosis of B lymphocytes of NOD mice with sialoadenitis were less and apoptosis of CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T lymphocytes were significantly increased compared with the control group （P 〈0.05）. After pretreatment with H-GLS before sialoadenitis onset, the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ T lymphocyte and the serum IgG levels of NOD mice decreased significantly （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Pretreatment with H-GLS can relieve symptoms of sialoadenitis in NOD mice. GLS has some protective effects on sialoadenitis in NOD mice through increasing STFR and decreasing the area of lymphocytic foci by regulating the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ T and apoptosis of B lymphocytes.展开更多
文摘Background Sjogren syndrome （SS） is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic lymphocytic infiltration and decreased secretion in salivary glands. Apoptosis is one of the possible mechanisms involved in acinar epithelial destruction in SS. The role of apoptosis in the initiation and effect phase of sialoadenitis is still controversial. The aim of this study was to observe the roles of apoptosis-associated proteins and serum IgG levels in sialoadenitis progression in nonobese diabetic （NOD） mice. Methods 2-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-week female NOD and matched BALB/c control mice were selected. Saliva and tear flow rate were measured. Serum IgG level was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Number of lymphocyte foci （NLF） in submandibular glands （SMGs） was counted under routine hematoxylin/eosin-stained sections. Expression of Fas, Bcl-2 and procaspase3 proteins as well as apoptotic cells in the SMGs were detected by immunohistochemical staining and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay respectively. Results Decreased stimulated total flow rate （STFR） and lymphocyte foci in SMGs were first observed in the 10-week NOD group. STFR was negatively correlated with NLF （P〈0.05）. Serum IgG in NOD mice was significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05） and showed a positive correlation with NLF （P〈0.05）. Fas expression in SMGs acinar cells in NOD mice increased with age and was significantly higher compared with that in the control group. Bcl-2 expression and procaspase3 expression in SMG acinar cells in each NOD group were lower compared with those of the age-matched control mice. Conclusion Abnormal expression of Fas and Bcl-2 in the SMGs and higher level of serum IgG may contribute to the initiation of sialoadenitis and cause the glandular destruction in NOD mice.
文摘Background Sjǒgren syndrome （SS） is a systematic autoimmune disease, on which traditional therapeutic agents show limited effect. More effective agents with longer-lasting and fewer side effects are needed in the clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucindum spores （GLS） on sialoadenitis of nonobese diabetic （NOD） mice. Methods Thirty-two female NOD mice were assigned randomly into 4 groups： low-dose GLS-treated （L-GLS） group and high-dose GLS-treated （H-GLS） group, a dexamethasone group, and a normal saline （NS） control group. Stimulated total saliva flow rate （STFR）, area of lymphocytic infiltration in submandibular glands and ratios of CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood as well as apoptosis of these subsets and serum IgG level were tested after 10 weeks of treatments. Differences among the groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）, Student-Newman-Keuls Test （SNK） was used between each two groups and a P 〈0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results STFR of the high-dose GLS group increased significantly after a 10-week treatment compared with those of the NS control group （P 〈0.05）. The incidence of sialoadenitis in GLS-treated NOD mice groups showed no significant difference compared with the control group （P 〉0.05）, but the area of lymphocytic foci in both the H-GLS and L-GLS groups decreased significantly to 50% of the NS control group （P 〈0.05）; the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ T lymphocytes and apoptosis of B lymphocytes of NOD mice with sialoadenitis were less and apoptosis of CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T lymphocytes were significantly increased compared with the control group （P 〈0.05）. After pretreatment with H-GLS before sialoadenitis onset, the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ T lymphocyte and the serum IgG levels of NOD mice decreased significantly （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Pretreatment with H-GLS can relieve symptoms of sialoadenitis in NOD mice. GLS has some protective effects on sialoadenitis in NOD mice through increasing STFR and decreasing the area of lymphocytic foci by regulating the ratio of CD4^＋/CD8^＋ T and apoptosis of B lymphocytes.
