The Development of the New Urbanism Theory and Reflections on its Application at Florida's Seaside

This article reviews the background,preparation,development and birth stage,and the main content and framework of the new urbanism theory,then understands new urbanism from a historical perspective and then discusses how the seaside project in Florida developed a smalltown community with a strong community atmosphere and a beautiful environment,guided by the theory of New Urbanism.This is followed by an in-depth analysis of the high construction and maintenance costs ofNew Urbanism in practice,the impact on the privacy of residents9 lives,the relative reduction of community ties,and other problems,and finally,it gives opinions on the sustainable development of the New Urbanism theory in the future.

Niche Differentiation of Phenol-Degrading Microorganisms in UASB Granular Sludge as Revealed by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

A microbial community structure of granules harvested from an anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating phenolic wastewater was investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and clone library construction.Clones of Syntrophorhabdaceae and Cryptanaerobacter were observed to be responsible for phenol degradation.For accurate taxonomic assignment of Cryptanaerobacter clones,phylogenetic analysis using nearly full-length 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequences was necessary.Three oligonucleotide probes were designed to detect the following three taxonomic groups:Syntrophorhabdaceae,Cryptanaerobacter,and Syntrophus.FISH analysis of thin sections of anaerobic granules showed a random distribution of bacteria and archaea.However,a well-defined distribution of Syntrophorhabdaceae,Cryptanaerobacter,and Syntrophus was observed.Cryptanaerobacter and Syntrophus were found on the outer layer of the granules and were closely associated with each other,while Syntrophorhabdaceae was located in the deeper part of the granules.Such specific distribution of the bacteria is most likely due to their metabolic association and affinity for the substrate.Phenol degradation in the granular sludge was observed to be carried out in the following way.First,Cryptanaerobacter converts phenol to benzoate,which is then degraded by Syntrophus into acetate.This syntrophic degradation of phenol occurs near the surface of the granule,where the phenol concen-tration is high.In the deeper part of the granule,where the phenol concentration is lower,Syntrophorhabdaceae degrades phenol into acetate.We observed that Syntrophorhabdaceae is less likely to produce benzoate as an intermediate to feed the neighboring organisms,which contradicts the theo-ries presented by previous studies.

Land Suitability Evaluation to Determine the Appropriate Areas of Development: A Case Study of Hormuz Island

One of the basic prerequisites for the development of spatial programs and policies is evaluating the land suitability for future land uses based on the principals of ecological sustainability. This analysis is critical in islands due to special characteristics such as limited natural resources, interdependent and more complex ecosystems, high vulnerability to natural hazards, climate change and economic vulnerability. Accordingly, this paper based on the ecological approach and using Geographic Information System software package and Analytic Hierarchy Process and developing appropriate criteria has analyzed the land suitability of Hormuz Island. The findings clearly show the land suitability to develop industrial, agriculture, tourism land uses and can be the basis for planning the future development of the island based on the ecological sustainability.

Using Foucaults theory to analyze the relationship between people,organizations,space,power and boundary

This article will use Foucaulfs theory to critically consider the relationship between power,people,space and society at the boundary where different powers conflict with each other.Through the analysis of the project“Decolonizing Al Nada,”this article will discuss how relations with those with power and social mentality are reframed at the border through the reconstruction of architecture and space.

Effects of land and building usage on population, land price and passengers in station areas： A case study in Fukuoka, Japan

This study uses multiple regression to investigate the effects of Land and building use on popuLation, Land price, and passengers. Initialty, we abstract annuat data on Land and buildings usage within a radius of 0 m-400 m for railway stations and 400 m-800 m for subway stations in Fukuoka, Japan by using the GIS. We then analyze the relationships between 13 factors of rand use and 8 factors of building usage, as well as the related poputation, Land price, and passengers using the quantitative expression method. Using several categories of land use and building usage as explanatory variables, we anatyze the degree to which the selected categories affect population, Land price, and passengers by using the muttiple regression method. This research can aid the further development of land and buitding usage in the future.

Quantifying the relationship between visitor satisfaction and perceived accessibility to pedestrian spaces on festival days

Many cities organize cultural festivals to promote their distinctiveness, boost the local economy, and enhance quality of life. However, urban spaces are packed with visitors on festival days, thus affecting accessibility to pedestrian spaces. This research examined visitor satisfaction with accessibility to pedestrian spaces during special events such as festivals. We particularly focused on the Hakata Dontaku festival, which is celebrated in Fukuoka, Japan. We studied three main elements that affect pedestrian satisfaction and perceived accessibility through walking, namely, safety, mobility, and amenities. We first analyzed previous studies and employed analytical hierarchy process to setup indicators for satisfaction measurement. Second, we determined visitor satisfaction through a survey questionnaire, which was conducted during the Hakata Dontaku festival. Third, we assessed the normality of the data set that was obtained from the questionnaire. Finally, we applied structural equation modeling. Results showed that the proposed model was a good fit, as indicated by the goodness of fit test, and the majority of indicators loaded significant values that supported their constructs. Satisfaction with amenities was found to be the most statistically significant variable that influences visitors＇ perceived accessibility during the Hukata Dontaku festival